Why are genuine drugs so much more expensive than generic drugs?
Genuine drugs are also known as original research drugs. The research and development and marketing of new drugs are mainly divided into four processes, "laboratory research", "animal experiment", "first, second and third phase clinical trials", "new drug listing testing (phase four)". Clinical Trials)". In the first stage of laboratory research, it will take 2-5 years. There are almost no pure innovative drugs in China. Most of them use foreign finished drugs to change the functional groups of drug molecules to design drug molecules that may have activity. Screening out active drug molecules is similar to buying lottery tickets. It is possible that none of the hundreds of drug molecules is active, and it is also possible that the first drug molecule has good activity as soon as the first drug molecule is made. Of course, most of the research and development is the former, after all Not everyone can get to the top of their lives by winning $5 million on a two-dollar lottery ticket.
The Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche is the company that invests the most in research and development in the medical field. It invests tens of billions of dollars in research and development of new drugs every year. The US pharmaceutical giant Merck Group invests billions of dollars in research on tumors, infectious diseases, vaccines, Alzheimer's disease Silence Syndrome. The five-person laboratory where I am located spends up to 2,000 yuan in research and development every day.
After the active drug molecule is determined, the second process, pharmacological and pharmacodynamic research, toxicological test and safety evaluation test, can be started, which takes 2-5 years. After the second process is over and the results are good, you can apply for human clinical trials. The subjects of the first phase of clinical trials are healthy volunteers, which are easier to pass, while the subjects of the second phase of clinical trials are patients, and the number of samples is small. The number of cases that have completed the trial drug is 300, and the vast majority of new drugs are blocked in the third phase and fall short. Phase I, II and III clinical trials take 2-7 years. After the Phase III clinical trial is passed, a new drug can be applied for marketing, that is, the Phase IV clinical trial, and the new drug testing period is 3-5 years.
Only after applying for patent protection can clinical research be carried out. That is to say, 20 years of patent protection time minus the research and development cycle, there are roughly ten years left to make profits. The human, material and financial resources invested in the early stage, as well as the research and development funds prepared for the next stage It must be earned back within this decade, which inevitably leads to the high price of the original drug.
The production cost of generic drugs is much lower than that of original drugs. After the effective molecular structure of the drug is determined, a drug with the same efficacy as the original drug can be produced only by designing a synthetic route.
The pharmaceutical companies in the film are the biggest "villains", but in real life they are the "victims" who are suffering. In order to survive, poor patients buy low-priced generic drugs in order to see the dawn of tomorrow. They also want to survive. The former is the survival of "stop loss and profit", and the latter is the survival of "life and death". One is about interests. One is about morality, and the balance will undoubtedly tilt towards the side of morality. In this way, the "victim" becomes the "perpetrator".
There are three main reasons for this embarrassing situation. The first is that the drug pricing mechanism is not perfect, and the prices of original research drugs and generic drugs are very different. , Completely reflect the value of medicines. The second is that the drug price adjustment mechanism is not perfect. my country's drug price management system lacks a long-term, sound and stable drug price adjustment mechanism. The third is that the evaluation standards for drug bidding and procurement are not uniform, resulting in uneven drug quality and price.
"God"
As we all know, India's religious culture has a long history, which can be seen from Aamir Khan's film "My God". The title of the film is "I am not the God of Medicine", but "God" appears only once in the whole film. Xu Zhengjin returned to the arena after a year of washing his hands and went to India alone. His mouth hurriedly brushed past him. The man wearing a gas mask was spraying disinfectant expressionlessly. The dense artificial mist was as chaotic as before Pangu opened up the world. A cart was pulling Goddess Kali. The statue of Kali drove towards him, the goddess Kali holding the male head, with a terrifying face.
In Indian religious legends, Goddess Kali drank all his blood in order to eradicate the powerful demons in the Three Realms. After the battle, because of the demon blood in her body, she was so angry that she couldn't control herself, and her feet kept trampling the ground. Zhou Sheng was not at peace, and his partner Shiva, in order to relieve her pain, lay at his feet and let him vent his hatred.
The film gave a close-up of the facial expressions of the goddess Kali and Xu Zheng. This is the finishing touch of the whole film, and it is also Xu Zheng's transition from "human" to "god". At the beginning of the film, Xu Zheng said to Huang Mao, "You are quite righteous." In the second half of the film, the fake academician said to Xu Zheng, "You are quite righteous." The first time Xu Zheng sold "fake" medicines for money, the third The second time Xu Zheng sold "fake" medicines for "righteousness".
Goddess Kali combines destruction and creation, and so does Xu Zheng. He disregarded the safety of patients for personal gain and pushed them into the abyss of despair. He gave the patients hope and destroyed them with his own hands. He and Kali Goddess have four eyes When confronted, he suddenly understood that since he destroyed the patient's desire for life, he must also create the patient's desire for life. This time, he is not only "creating", he is also giving his own past "Atonement".
actor
Presumably when the audience mentions Wang Chuanjun, they will think of the stammering "Magic of Guan Gu". This year coincides with the release of the love apartment movie. Wang Chuanjun did not participate in the performance . Become an actor, not a star." Thin cheeks, thinning hair, heavy masks, staggering posture, frail body, desolate eyes, from the impressive small role in "The Death of Romance" to The haggard patient in "I'm Not the God of Medicine", the superb performances have declared to the audience time and time again, "I'm not the magic of Guan Gu, I'm Wang Chuanjun!" The 16-year-old superstar of Tony Leung, Eason Chan, and Takeshi Kaneshiro When the bad movie "The Ferryman" was released, when many first-line stars chose to flatter, only he said the voice of thousands of viewers, "I don't like it."
In the scene of Xu Zheng's "washing hands in a golden basin", Huang Mao said, "I wish you opened a bigger Shenyou store." He drank the beer and smashed it on the table with a "pop", and the glass fragments were scattered all over the floor. , the warm blood dizzy and scattered on the table, Huang Mao resolutely turned around and left, and the priest and the dancer also left one after another, only he was sitting in the same place, he held the last shred of hope, forced out With a smile, he said to him, "Brother, are you drinking too much?" In just one minute of performance, he showed the leukemia patient's ardent desire for life to the fullest. Child, he wants to live, and the humility created by this desire to live has been integrated into his bones. Only this medicine can make him regain his confidence in life, even if he bows down to his knees. "Get out!" He didn't cry, he didn't recover, he just tugged on his coat, bent over and left the seat, every step he took seemed to be walking on thin ice, every inch of the ground behind him collapsed silently, His actions are more embarrassing than thousands of words .
A friend once asked me, "Do you have idols? What do you like about idols?" I said, "I have. I only like idols' works, I don't care about his people." Wang Chuanjun is also my favorite now. One of the actors, looking forward to his performance in "Inglis".
It is hoped that more and more masterpieces such as "I'm Not the God of Medicine" will emerge in domestic films in the future. The smallest folds in life, after being processed and enlarged by the film, will attract widespread public attention. This is undoubtedly the film. most successful .
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