History cannot be restored, it can only be rewritten again and again.
"The Fearless General Kolchak" is known as the largest film in the history of Russian cinema. From an artistic point of view, the value of this film is not high, but from a political point of view, this film is of great significance, symbolizing a new page in Russian history and all the characters and events in contemporary history. be interpreted. In Soviet-era textbooks, Kolchak's titles were "enemy of the people" and "leader of the counter-revolution." After the film, Kolchak took on a brand new title: Admiral Fearless. He transformed himself into a national hero. But the real value of the film is not in vindicating Kolchak, but in redefining the merits and demerits of the Soviet regime in Russia.
In the Tsarist era, Russia was an economically backward military feudal imperialist country. When Nicholas II arrived, Russia was full of sharp and complex contradictions, and the common people gradually fought together. In order to divert people's attention, Nicholas II dragged Russia into the First World War. As a result, the army suffered repeated defeats, the originally backward economy was greatly damaged, and the disaster of the war caused strong dissatisfaction among the people. In March 1917 (February of the Russian calendar), under the leadership of the Bolvik Party, large-scale demonstrations and strikes broke out in various places, and the strikes later turned into armed uprisings. Seeing that the situation was over, Nicholas II announced his abdication, officially ending the Romanov dynasty that ruled Russia for 304 years.
During the uprising, a new revolutionary regime was established - the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. However, the bourgeoisie stole the victory of the revolution and established a provisional government. Therefore, after the February Revolution, there was a rare situation in Russia where two political regimes coexisted: one was the provisional bourgeois government, and the other was the Soviet of Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers’ Deputies. To this end, Lenin led the Bolshevik party and people to launch an armed uprising in November 1917 (October of the Russian calendar) and carried out the great October socialist revolution. After the victory of the October Socialist Revolution, the Russian capitalist regime, the Kerensky Provisional Government, was overthrown, and the Soviet government and the first socialist country were established.
After the October Revolution, the Bolshevik Party immediately signed the "Brest Peace Treaty" with Germany to withdraw from the First World War. In the years that followed, the Red Army, under the command of Trotsky, defeated the intervention of the White Army and the Allied Powers through a brutal civil war. In March 1921, the Soviet regime began to implement the New Economic Policy, and first of all, it started with solving the peasant problem, and turned the surplus grain into free market sales. On December 30, 1922, at the suggestion of Lenin, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasian Federation formed an alliance, and the Soviet Union was formally established.
At the end of 1991, Russian President Yeltsin signed a contract with the Belarusian and Ukrainian presidents in Minsk, the capital of Belarus, to form the Commonwealth of Independent States, which would replace the Soviet Union by creating a structure similar to the British Commonwealth. Except for the three Baltic countries and Georgia, the other Soviet Union countries responded one after another and left the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had already existed in name only at this time. On December 25, 1991, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev announced his resignation and handed over state power to the Russian president. At 19:32 on December 25, 1991, the red flag descended from the Kremlin! The next day, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR passed a final resolution declaring that the USSR ceased to exist. Since then, the Soviet Union has disintegrated, and the 69-year-old Soviet Union has officially come to an end.
This is the contemporary history of Russia-Soviet-Russia, but an old version, which has been updated by the new rulers due to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
The first is about the historical positioning and characterization of the February Revolution. The newer version is that the February Revolution of 1917 was a democratic revolution in which the Russian people spontaneously overthrew the Russian Tsar. In fact, at the end of the Russian tsarist dictatorship, the political and economic environment was not as backward as previously believed. Nicholas II issued a constitutional monarchy to protect the people's freedom of speech, publication and assembly. In addition, the economy at that time was also developing in an all-round way. Before the First World War, Russia was ranked fifth in the global economy. Even after World War I, Russia was a relatively advanced economy. Today's Russian official acknowledges that food production had not reached the level of 1913 before the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, due to the repeated defeats and retreats of Russia in the First World War, the people's life became difficult, and the democratic trend of thought spread, which led to large-scale strikes and subsequent capitalist-democratic revolutions.
After the abdication of the Tsar, the provisional government formed was a moderate government with the goal of realizing democratic constitutionalism. But the provisional government had a difficult job, facing a German threat externally and a powerful opponent internally: the Bolvik Party led by Lenin. Lenin's purpose was to transform the "international imperialist war" into a "class war" within Russia, to overthrow the provisional government and establish a Bolvik dictatorship. According to the will of Russian Marxist pioneer Plekhanov, in order to seize power, Lenin did not hesitate to form an alliance with the German royal regime and accept financial assistance from the other party. So the interim government was between internal and external troubles, and was overthrown in the October Revolution 8 months after its establishment.
The current understanding of the October Revolution has also been updated. It is generally believed that the February Revolution was still revolutionary in nature, but the October Revolution was a coup d'etat. In fact, in the history textbooks of primary and secondary schools in Russia today, the October Revolution has been changed to the October coup. The reason behind this is that when the October Revolution happened, there was no bloody conflict, and as for the powerful scenes seen in the movie, they were all fabricated after the fact. After the October Revolution, the Bolvik Party immediately negotiated peace with Germany, ceded millions of square kilometers of land, and paid 6 billion marks. Fortunately, Germany was later defeated, and the ceded land was unexpectedly recovered.
After the October Revolution, the exiled former Admiral Kolchak named himself a representative of the provisional government and established a cabinet in Ufa in the Urals. In November 1918, Kolchak was proclaimed the highest consul of Russia, and a White Army of 150,000 men was formed, and in the spring of 1919 launched an all-out attack from east to west. In October 1919, Kolchak's forces were defeated by the Red Army. And so, the Great Retreat began. In December, an uprising broke out in the new Russian interim capital, Irkutsk, and power was transferred to the Red Army. The French generals and the Czech corps made a deal with the Red Army in which they betrayed Kolchak in exchange for assurances that they would leave Russia safely. In February 1920, Kolchak was executed. So far, the Red Army has routed all opposing forces on the territory.
Winning the king or defeating the bandit is the true meaning of politics and the true meaning of history. After the collapse of the Soviet regime and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia embarked on a rapid process of privatization, transforming itself from a socialist country into a capitalist country. Perhaps to rehabilitate the victims, perhaps to justify the name of the new regime, a large-scale wave of reflection has been aroused within Russia, including Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, and even Gorbachev Husband, Yeltsin, Putin, all under a brand new magnifying glass. However, since these people are either still in power or have supporters in the court, their judgment cannot but be done in veil. In this case, Kolchak becomes a spiritual symbol, used to summarize and replace the old political ideas and doctrines.
Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak fought against Japan in the Russo-Japanese War. During World War I, he made many military exploits in the Baltic Fleet, and was personally promoted to Vice Admiral by Tsar Nicholas II and served as commander of the Black Sea Fleet. After the abdication of the Tsar, Kolchak was the first admiral to declare allegiance to the Provisional Government. He said: "I do not serve one form of government or another, but serve my motherland, which I regard as above all else." After the October Revolution, he saw himself as a representative of the overthrown legitimate government, Believing it was necessary to fight against the Bolshevik Party, he called on the White Army to confront the Red Army. It is a pity that this brave general at sea is not good at land battles, and also encountered a cold winter that is rare in a hundred years, so he was defeated and eventually betrayed and died of hatred.
The story of "Fearless Admiral Kolchak" starts from Kolchak's meritorious service and his promotion as the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, until he is shot and buried in the sea of ice. In the film, Kolchak and the White Army he led appeared in front of the world for the first time as positive characters. Although the love between him and his second wife Anna is used throughout the film, and the film's publicity also emphasizes this poignant and sad feeling, the intention of rehabilitating and rectifying the name of Kolchak and the White Army is obvious. Although in 1999 and 2001, two vindication petitions against Kolchak were rejected. But Kolchak monuments have been erected in St. Petersburg and Irkutsk respectively. Therefore, in 2008, Russia launched the "Fearless General Kolchak", which is equivalent to publicly confirming Kolchak's heroic status, and indirectly expressing his identification with the Provisional Government and his criticism of the Soviet regime.
Politics has always been the end and history the tool. Therefore, there are no good or bad people in history, there are only friends and enemies, and such a relationship exists only in this moment. Once time has passed, the identities of friends and enemies may be reversed at any time, depending on what kind of political goals you want to achieve at the moment, and what kind of historical tools you choose to raise.
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