small John Forbes Nash
Gender: Male
Nationality: American
Date of birth: June 13, 1928
About
John • Nash (JOHN F.NASH) American (1928-) because he and two other mathematicians He made groundbreaking contributions to the equilibrium analysis theory of non-cooperative games, and had a significant impact on game theory and economics, and won the 1994 Nobel Economic Prize.
He is a man who has made great contributions in the field of game theory and uses his life to play games.
Geometer Mikhail Gromov was called "the most outstanding mathematician" in the second half of the 20th century.
Regarding Nash’s report on the Nobel Forum in Beijing in 1995,
he was a dull old man. He refused to answer questions that were not related to academics, refused to send flowers from star chasers, or even said a few polite words at the beginning of his speech. As the least celebrity economist in this Nobel Forum in Beijing, he has enjoyed the treatment of a star holding the moon. He is the Nobel Prize winner in Economics in 1994, the prototype of the Oscar-winning film "Beautiful Mind", the famous "Nash Equilibrium" proposer, and game theory master John Nash.
At 9:30 am on May 31st, when Nash, who was more than ancient, walked into the auditorium of Beijing Technology and Business University, nearly a thousand teachers and students burst into applause. Several students even burst into tears with excitement. But Nash seemed indifferent to the scene in front of him. He always seemed to be meditating, immersed in his own world and couldn't extricate himself. This clean figure and gray-haired old man looks very ordinary, but his life experience is even more ups and downs than the plot in the movie.
Lonely genius
Nash was born in 1928 in a wealthy family in Bluefield, an industrial city in West Virginia, USA. His father is a well-educated electronic engineer, and his mother is a Latin teacher. Nash has been very withdrawn since he was a child. He would rather get into a pile of books than go out to play with children of the same age. But at that time, Nash's math grades were not good, and elementary school teachers often complained to his parents that Nash had problems with math because he often used some peculiar problem-solving methods. In middle school, this situation became more frequent. The teacher worked out the entire blackboard exercises on the blackboard, and Nash could solve the answer in just a few simple steps.
After graduating from high school, Nash entered the Chemical Engineering Department of the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh. In 1948, Nash, a junior in college, was admitted to Harvard, Princeton, Chicago, and the University of Michigan at the same time. Princeton University showed more enthusiasm. When Lefschetz, the head of the mathematics department of Princeton University, felt Nash’s hesitation, he immediately Write a letter urging him to choose Princeton, which prompted Nash to accept a scholarship of $1,150.
At that time, Princeton had become the center of mathematics around the world, and world-class masters such as Einstein gathered here. In the free academic atmosphere of Princeton, Nash is like a fish in water. He graduated with a Ph.D. at the age of 21 and is already well-known when he is less than 30 years old. In 1958, Nash was named the most outstanding figure among the new generation of genius mathematicians by Fortune magazine for his outstanding work in the field of mathematics.
Nash's most important theory is the "Nash Equilibrium" that is now widely appearing in economics textbooks. The most famous example of the "Nash Equilibrium" is the "Prisoner's Dilemma", to the effect that the two suspects in a case are interrogated separately, and the police officer tells the two prisoners separately that if both of them do not confess, they will each be sentenced to one year in prison; if If you confess and the other party does not confess, you will be sentenced to three months in prison and the other party will be sentenced to ten years in prison; if both confessed, both will be sentenced to five years in prison. As a result, both of them were caught in the dilemma of confessing or not confessing at the same time. The choice of two prisoners in their own interests is to confess frankly, and the strategy that was originally beneficial to both parties will not confess and thus both are sentenced to 1 year in prison will not appear. In this way, both of them choose a frank strategy and the result of being sentenced to 5 years is called "Nash Equilibrium", also called non-cooperative equilibrium. "Nash Equilibrium" is his 21-year-old Ph.D. thesis, and it also laid the foundation for him to win the Nobel Prize in Economics decades later.
At that time, Nash was "as handsome as a god", 1.85 meters tall, weighing nearly 77 kilograms, slender fingers, elegant hands, soft and beautiful hands, and the appearance of a British nobleman. His talent and personal charm attracted a beautiful girl-Alicia, who was one of only two girls in the Physics Department of MIT at that time. In 1957, they got married. The long years that followed proved that this may be more important than winning the Nobel Prize in Nash's life.
When both career and love were both proud of, Nash was also called a "lonely genius" because he liked to be alone and solve torturing mathematical problems. He is not a person who is good at dealing with others and is popular with most people. He has the pride and self-centeredness that geniuses often have. His peers basically think he is unreasonable. They say that he is "withdrawn, arrogant, ruthless, ghostly, eccentric, indulged in his own secret world, and can't understand the worldly affairs that others worry about."
The ghost of Princeton,
in the autumn of 1958, Just as Alicia found out that she was pregnant with half surprise, Nash was full of thoughts about his future and became more and more disturbed. The head of the department, Martin, had promised to give him a permanent faculty position that winter, but Nash did all sorts of weird behaviors: he was worried that his mathematics creativity would be ruined by being drafted into the army. He dreamed of setting up a world government. He believed Every letter in the "New York Times" implies a mysterious meaning, and only he can understand the meaning. He believes that everything in the world can be expressed by a mathematical formula. He wrote to the United Nations and went to Washington to deliver letters to the embassies of each country, asking the embassies of all countries to support his idea of establishing a world government. He became obsessed with French, and even wrote mathematics papers in French. He believed that language and mathematics had a mysterious connection...
Finally, before the child was born, Nash was sent to a psychiatric hospital.
A few years later, because Alicia could not bear to live in the shadow of Nash, they divorced, but she did not give up Nash. After the divorce, Alicia never married again. She continued to take care of her ex-husband and their only son by relying on her meager income as a computer programmer and the support of her relatives and friends. She insisted that Nash should stay in Princeton, because if a person behaves strangely, he will be treated as a lunatic elsewhere, and in Princeton, a place where geniuses are abundant, people will love to think that he might be a genius.
Therefore, in the 1970s and 1980s, Princeton University students and scholars could always see a very strange, thin and silent man wandering on campus. He was wearing purple slippers and occasionally writing numerology on the blackboard. The topic. They called him a "ghost", and they knew that this "ghost" was a mathematical genius, but suddenly went crazy. If anyone dared to complain that Nash was uncomfortable walking around nearby, he would be immediately warned: "You can never be an outstanding mathematician like him in your life!"
Just as Nash himself was in a dreamlike state of mind, his The name began to appear in various fields of economics textbooks, evolutionary biology papers, political science monographs, and mathematics journals in the 1970s and 1980s. His name has become a term in economics or mathematics, such as "Nash Equilibrium", "Nash Negotiation Solution", "Nash Procedure", "DeGeorge-Nash Results", "Nash Embedding" and "Nash Breakdown".
Nash's game theory is becoming more and more influential, but he himself is unknown. Most of the young mathematicians and economists who have used his theory assume that he has passed away based on the publication date of his paper. Even if some people know that Nash is still alive, they regard Nash as a dead man due to his special illness and condition.
The legend continues.
Some people say that the scientists standing on the apex of the pyramid have an unusually lonely brain. Nash went crazy because he was too lonely. However, Nash was not alone after going crazy. His wife, friends and colleagues did not abandon him, but spared no effort to help him, save him, and try to pull him out of the abyss of illness.
Although Nash was determined to resign from his position as a professor at MIT, his colleagues and superiors managed to keep him insured. When his colleague heard that he was in a psychiatric hospital, he called a well-known American psychiatrist at the time and said: “For the sake of the national interest, we must do everything possible to restore Professor Nash to that creative person.” Yue Lai The more people gathered around Nash, they set up a fund to fund Nash's treatment and launched a fundraiser at the American Mathematical Society. The founder of the fund wrote: “If there is anything you can do to help Nash return to the field of mathematics, even in a small area, it will be good not only for him, but also for mathematics.” For Princeton University to do for him After waking up, Nash said, “I got asylum here, so I didn’t become homeless.”
The love of his wife and friends finally paid off. One early morning in the late 1980s, when Professor Dyson from the Preston Institute for Advanced Study said good morning to Nash as usual, Nash replied: "I saw your daughter is on TV today." I have never heard of it. Dyson, who spoke to Nash, still remembered the shock at the time. He said: "I think the most amazing thing is this slow awakening. Gradually, he is getting more and more awake. No one has awakened like him."
Nash Gradually he recovered and awakened from madness, and his awakening seemed to be to welcome a major event in his life: winning the Nobel Prize in Economics. When the King of Sweden announced that the winner of the annual Nobel Prize in Economics was John Nash in 1994, many people in the mathematics circle were amazed: It turns out that Nash is still alive.
Nash did not give up his research because he won the Nobel Prize. In the autobiography of the Nobel Prize winner, he wrote: From a statistical point of view, no 66-year-old mathematician or scientist can pass continuous research work. Build on his or her previous achievements. However, I still continue to try hard. Due to partial unreal thinking for 25 years, which is equivalent to providing some kind of vacation, my situation may not conform to the norm. Therefore, I hope to achieve some valuable results through the current research results or any new ideas that will appear in the future. "
In 2001, Alicia and John Nash remarried after decades of ups and downs. In fact, Alicia has never left Nash spiritually in the long years. This great woman used her life to battle her destiny, and she finally won. And Nash also achieved a balance in the game of gains and losses.
On the evening of June 1, 2005, the Nobel Forum in Beijing closed at the Dongyuan Theater in Changpuhe Park on the east side of the Forbidden City. After the lively dinner, Nash did not take the special car arranged by the organizer, but walked out of the Dongyuan Theater with a folder alone. He walked through Changpuhe Park like an ordinary old man, then walked around to the crosswalk west of Nanheyan Avenue and waited for the traffic lights. The green light was on, and the lonely figure of the old man's corner drifted away in the twilight, and finally disappeared.
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