1. The foregoing: My opinion of the film view. If natural science emphasizes "truth" and puts the pursuit of eternal truth in the first place, then social sciences and humanities are pursuing "good". Rawls wrote in "Justice" Zhong said: The pursuit of "justice" in social sciences is just like the pursuit of "truth" in natural sciences, and "justice" is undoubtedly "good"; then the "beauty" after "truth" and "good" is interpreted by art , Italian poet and film pioneer Rigioto Canudo first put forward the theoretical proposition that "film is an art" in the article "The Birth of the Seventh Art". He believes that film follows music, dance, painting, sculpture, architecture, Poetry is the seventh art after the six art categories. As a non-film professional PhD who has appreciated thousands of film works, it is inevitable for individuals to entrain academic thinking paradigm to appreciate films, just as a scholar who studies history will have his own view of history, and a scholar who studies natural sciences will have his own Everyone who is obsessed with and obsessed with movies will produce his own movie outlook after long-term screen immersion. My movie outlook is very simple: “Movies are the capture and reproduction of truth, and movies are the ultimate torture of good faith. Movies are a collective explosion of aesthetics". In my view of film, film can convey "truth, goodness and beauty" together. Firstly, to capture and reproduce real people and real things through the lens is the enduring charm of the film. You may not realize the fact that the facts happen around you, but once the real facts are put on the screen, they will have a strong appeal. The shock is beyond imagination (think of the movie "The World of Truman"); secondly, "good" and "good" will conflict. There are differences in culture, conflicts in civilizations, and the conflicts caused by different "good deeds" and the tragedies that result from the film’s reflection on human nature, reflection on life, and torture of goodwill; finally, the lens in modern movies shows The scenes are often recreated after being processed by the director. The director has thought of various ways to release the beauty through the lens, combined with the implantation of music, and the combination of the picture and the music, making the music have a sense of dynamic picture, the picture has a sense of rhythm and smoothness, and the plot The development of drama and the introduction of actors collectively contributed to the explosion of aesthetics. 2. Talking about "people" 1. People are the purpose. This is Kant’s inspiring words and the pursuit of his life. All Kant’s works are full of humanity, full of human touch, full of Akagi, so he has received all the pursuit of democracy and freedom. , Welcomed by people who oppose dictatorship. Kant has been pursuing four questions throughout his life: What can I know? what should I do? What can i hope? What is a person? Thus, there are four disciplines: I What can be known—knowledge, what I should do—ethics, what I can hope—religion, what man is—anthropology. But is man really an end? When in history did man really exist as an end rather than as a tool? The vast history is hard to find at home and abroad. 2. Man is the subject As a subject, what is the most important thing about man? The answer is "free choice". This is the name of Milton Friedman’s most famous work. Of course, he derived from the logic of economic theory that free choice is the foundation for the prosperity of the country and the people. Friedman is also a staunch defender of liberalism. Always opposed to Keynesianism. As the subject person, if the choice made is not free and does not come from a personal subjective judgment, then he is not a "free" person. Freedom is human nature, and once the person’s nature is destroyed, the subject person loses Freedom of choice, is there still a need for people? (If we respect a person, we must respect and give him the freedom of choice. The problem discussed in the film "A Clockwork Orange" is to wind up people like a slapstick, so that they cannot do evil, and there is no possibility of free choice. Compared with freely choosing to do evil, is it preferable to do good that is not free and controlled by others?). 3. People and government Is the government reliable? This is a question that many people prefer to discuss. Rousseau said in the "Social Contract Theory" that "people are born free, but they are omnipresent in shackles." People as subjects must give away some natural freedom to the government. To obtain freedom of contract, the emergence of the government is only based on a kind of entrusted relationship of the people. Manser Olsen established a set of models of gangsters and gangsters to demonstrate that gangsters can protect the people’s property safety better than gangsters. The gangsters will run away after they grab things, and the people will no longer produce surplus products to wait for the gangsters to come. So the economy stagnated, and the gangster defeated all the gangsters and protected the people’s property safety, but the compensation was that he could steadily extract some of the surplus products produced by the people. Imagining the gangsters as the government is to collect taxes and organize production to protect the people’s property. There is only one purpose for organizing production: to extract more surplus products-taxation. Hobbes, Locke, Nozick, Buchanan and other philosophers and economists all interpret the state and government from different angles. Everyone prefers to discuss and study government, perhaps because the most important threat to human freedom comes from The government, and this threat seems so "reasonable and legal." 4. People and society People are social people, and people are so hoping to find their own social community. Perhaps, as the famous Italian political philosopher Gatno Mosca said, human beings have a kind of "getting together with others". The instinct of crowd confrontation". Now that man has become Social people must be familiar with and maintain social rules. This kind of social rules is the result of human inheritance for thousands of years. No matter right or wrong, good or bad, they must be followed. The process of learning this set of social rules from learning to habit is called "Socialization". Think about how terrifying the socialization process is. A croaking baby has to learn a little bit and adapt to the rich social rules that humans have been accustomed to for a long time. There are clear rules and unspoken rules. No wonder Michel Foucault "And Punishment" points out sadly: the prison system is not the continuation of the social system, and the social system is the continuation of the prison system. "Busy to live, This is the highest respect for the theme of "human" respect in the history of film. First of all, do you understand the story of this movie? Andrew Letis is a police officer. His wife, Dolores, has three children with him, and the family is happy. But his wife suddenly suffered from a brain disease and couldn't distinguish between reality and dreams. She told Andrew that she hoped to go to the hospital to be cured, but due to the possibility of a brain craniotomy, Andrew couldn't bear to let his wife receive such treatment. However, after a mission was completed, Andrew returned home and found that his wife drowned three children while bathing the children. Andrew killed his wife in despair. Andrew was too self-blame, thinking that because he did not go to take his wife for treatment in time at the time, the family was destroyed, he could not accept such a change in the happy family, he lived like a monster every day, living in extreme pain. Finally one day, he was full of vitality again, and his life had a new impetus, because he imagined a new identity-a brave captain Daniel, to rescue a woman named Rachel. The narrative of the film starts here... Of course, the director of the film used clever narrative techniques to start the narrative of the whole film from the characters imagined by Andrew Lettis, and the ending flip is shocking. When everyone was unable to rescue Andrew Letis and was about to use the last method to remove the brain and turn it into a vegetative person, the bald doctor used role-playing as a last resort, avoiding simple and rough methods of removing the brain. Facts have proved At last, Andrew Letis was cured, the doctor’s method worked, and the climax and mystery of the film is also here: Andrew Letis took the initiative to pretend that he was not cured, and resolutely went to the operating room to prepare The brain is removed and turned into a vegetative man. This is the end of the film... This film can't help asking ourselves: Can we really accept all the pain of the past? The main point of the doctor’s method is to make Andrew Lettis accept everything that happened in the past, and the reason why Andrew Lettis went crazy is because he couldn’t accept his past. Even the characters he fantasized about when he went crazy were saving his own mistakes in the past. , To achieve the effect of making one's inner life more comfortable. Visible: You are not him, so don't judge everything he did, because you don't know what he has experienced. Perhaps some pain is destined to be unhealed (the film "Manchester by the Sea" is also discussing this kind of issue), and it is also destined to be incomprehensible by others. Only the person who licks silently in the depths of his heart cannot do what others can do. Perhaps what we can do is Respect all choices made by the parties. As Andrew Lettis finally chose: Instead of becoming a walking dead monster that lives in pain every day, it is better to become a happy and carefree vegetable. As the subject, since free choice is the basic right that he should and must have, then he freely renounces the right to free choice, and he should also be respected and understood by us, and as a bystander, he should not do to others what he wants. . 3. The Hell Hospital plays a positive role in "The Confinement Island"-Ben Kingsley, the old drama of the Bald Doctor, and in this film once again appears as the doctor who treats the lunatic-Dr. Ramb, and is also this lunatic asylum The dean of, only this time he is a fake dean. What kind of torture has such a determined and experienced fake dean endured? This mystery was not explained to the audience until the end of the film. He was originally a military doctor. What he saw every day on the battlefield were soldiers with severe injuries, missing arms and broken legs, and extremely painful sights. He was struggling very much inside. He really wanted to save them and relieve them. Finally, in another war, he thought of a "good way" to relieve their pain-to help the soldiers end their lives, instead of using local doctors again and again He healed the soldiers’ wounds and then sent them to the battlefield, wounded and suffering, and finally tortured and died in pain. It is better to let them “leave” directly and happily, so he plucked up the courage and ended all the wounded in the barracks. The soldier then prepared to commit suicide. However, his destiny was like that. The pistol aimed at him was out of bullets. Pulling the trigger repeatedly would not end his life. So he "goed crazy" and became a member of the lunatic asylum. In the lunatic asylum, he always "disobeyed the discipline", and finally succeeded in the revolution. He arrested all the doctors, became the dean, and called himself Dr. Rambu. His treatment plan for the lunatic asylum followed his usual style and quickly relieved. The pain of mad people-electric shock makes them vegetative. Although the protagonist of this movie is not the fake dean played by Ben Kingsley, his values are worthy of our consideration-I was helping you relieve your pain, so I killed you. This may be the most typical "love kidnapping" that one wants to do to others, and even "love kills". Mr. Lu Xun has long analyzed the harm of this "poison strayed in the name of love". In fact, this What is discussed with "Closed Island" is exactly two aspects of the same problem. Just like the protagonist Andrew Letis in "Closed Island", the person who is the subject can freely give up the right to choose freely-become a vegetable, but As someone else, you can't choose to give up the right to free choice for me. As long as I have a soul as a person, I have to choose freely. Once I have no soul, let God make the choice. However, Dao is one foot high and the devil is one foot high, and there are more fake "goods" than Dr. Rambu-this intern from Oxford University, Edward, maybe he is a total lunatic, this young man is like an empty shell every day He was acting as someone else, he didn’t even know who he was. As a patient of Oxford University’s key research, he stole the identity of Professor Edward of Oxford University and came to this lunatic asylum for a long time, just to save another in Oxford University. In the confrontation between the beautiful mad woman Eliza, in the lunatic asylum, he not only rescued all the doctors and nurses in the lunatic asylum who were arrested by Dr. The mystery of life experience is thoroughly debunked. The ending of the final film is beautiful and refreshing. The young man not only rescued the mad woman Eliza, but the two also walked away to another lunatic asylum with magnificent scenery. A lunatic asylum was well organized, and the other became the wife of the dean and built it with her husband. The film ended in an elegant waltz dance in the square of the two. These two men originated from the lecture halls of Oxford University and were regarded by the real psychiatrist and Oxford University. When Professor Edward thought it was incurable, the two were each other's cure for each other, cherish each other's hearts, and possess each other. 4. Swiss Army Knife Man This 2016 independent film, accompanied by a light and sweet sad melody from beginning to end, is a pre-existing music, a film tailored for music. This is a movie that you don’t know what kind of genre it is. It’s also a movie with all kinds of emotions mixed together. You will feel very heavy when you see the end, but if you understand it, it will be a heavy one. Relieved. The plot is absurd, but I am more inclined to agree that the magical corpse exists. He is endowed with meaning by the male protagonist, giving the male protagonist a true self on his corpse. The dialogue between the male protagonist and the corpse is nothing more than a dialogue between himself and himself, a dialogue between a self who wants to be socialized but not so well-socialized and a lonely, strange and laissez-faire self. The male protagonist wants to be socialized. He wants to integrate into this real and cruel society, wants to be familiar with all the rules of this society, but he also knows that he is lack of ability, he is like a waste, but he can not accept the fact that he is shy, he is inferior, and he is weak. , He is ugly, even he is a bit abnormal, how to endure this, the male protagonist has to prepare to end his life by himself. At this moment, the magical corpse appeared, so the hero and this magical corpse started a journey home happily. During this journey, they had conversations, laughter, thrills, touches and discoveries. The important thing is through this During the journey, the male protagonist accepted himself, accepted his own shyness, low self-esteem, weakness, ugliness, and even a little abnormality, accepted a socially imperfect self, and prepared to bravely and confidently base himself on this society with a true self. middle. Most of the time the film made us laugh and go crazy with the hero in the wonderful music, but when the plot flipped at the end, we found that the story only happened in the backyard of the goddess fantasised by the hero himself. The scene of living with the goddess. At this moment, we no longer laugh and go crazy with the male protagonist. All the actions of the male protagonist make us feel that he is a madman, dancing with the corpse, singing duet to the corpse, and imagining the corpse and ourselves as ourselves And the goddess of fantasy, when almost all of us suddenly felt that the male protagonist was abnormal and disgusting and could not accept the male protagonist, the male protagonist accepted himself. This is the director’s brilliance. Even the audience can’t tolerate him. How this society will treat him, if he does not accept himself, the only way out may be to commit suicide. Some people say that this movie is dedicated to the introverted and weak men's friendship work. It is true. It does not talk about how the weak can counterattack, but how the weak can bravely accept and integrate themselves. Into this society. 4. "Mad Men" Are Not Crazy Let us summarize the above four movies in one sentence each. "Flying over the lunatic asylum": One madman fell down, and another madman flew out; "Island of Confinement": the madman was so crazy that he would rather become a vegetative rather than return to a normal person; ; "Swiss Army Knife Man": Have the courage to accept your own "crazy". I personally find that Western directors prefer movies that discuss topics like lunatics, using lunatic asylums as a metaphor for the entire society, and lunatics as a metaphor for individuals who uniquely exist in society. But what makes me happy is that, just like the above four movies, no matter how many ordeals the directors set in the plot, they never let lunatics turn back into "normal people." Remember the 2013 biographical film "Jobs". At the end of the film, Jobs publicly praised those "mads" like himself: they are maverick and rebellious, they are troublemakers, they are a group of people who are out of place, they They are accustomed to looking at things differently. They are not used to being bound by rules. They often dismiss the facts. As a bystander, you can oppose them, admire them, or slander them, and look down on them, but the only thing you can’t do is Ignore them because they bring change, they force humans to move forward, and people often think they are lunatics, but we think they are geniuses, because only those who are crazy enough to think they can change the world can really change the world. This can't help but make us think about what "crazy" is? In a biological community, there will always be the first mutated gene. This mutation is the product of natural selection and evolution. Then the mutated gene will be inherited and spread in the biological community little by little. Finally, every organism has the above. In the economic field, the proven Schumpeter hypothesis has always emphasized the importance of creative destruction. Entrepreneurship is the driving force of innovation; in the field of education, we have repeatedly chanted to cultivate innovative talents. Just imagine, if we cannot accept these "mutated genes" that are different from our own "genes" at the beginning, and use the advantage of the population and morality to obliterate them in the bud, we humans will become self-enclosed crypts. , Waiting for withering in the repetition. So far, my conclusion is: no difference, no progress. As the main person, we have that little difference in each of us. Let us enlarge this little difference. You can call it "crazy" for this difference. Then let this difference "crazy". One is tolerant enough. Cultural environment can accept any "lunatic", because from a certain perspective, each of us is a "lunatic", we humans can only Only when different "crazy" learn to accept each other will produce brilliant results in various forms. "Mad man" is not crazy, but "mad man" may be the real "person".
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