Going back to Tolstoy, his attitude towards Napoleon in his trilogy, "War and Peace", actually expresses his complex mentality towards the philosophy of the Enlightenment, that is, deeply influenced by it and yearning for it irrefutably, but for a while. He refused to accept it and tried to use his own Orthodox beliefs to blend or even dwarf this fundamentally opposed rationalism that is indeed superior. The reason why the story is so grand and complex is actually the author's own inner and old mixed with new and old thoughts. The chaotic and extremely subtle portraits, after all, trying to combine fundamentally opposite things and dwarfing clear and rational knowledge, such efforts are really painstaking and ultimately unsuccessful "Wu Gang's Dilemma", which is also Tolstoy's "Resurrection". "Larry eventually admitted the failure of this effort and the root cause of a utterly paranoid return to anarchic primordial Christianity, which explains why he ended up wandering away like a shepherd and dying at an unknown station. The tragic end of "Anna Karenina," which once served as the perfect embodiment of this effort, already marked the beginning of Tolstoy's more paranoid return to the faith, although he was as fascinated as Anna with the rationalism of the Enlightenment philosophy. , but "there is no egg", the emptiness without God in the light of enlightenment, Tolstoy could not bear.
When it comes to Western literary and philosophical masters such as Tolstoy, it is like talking about Li Bai, Fan Zhongyan, Cao Xueqin and other Chinese literati. Christians and Confucians are the essence of their own xinxing. Although they have struggled in various ways of knowing and doing for thousands of years, they have become mad or depressed, but in the end, they cannot get rid of their own thinking limitations. die. But it is difficult to strengthen oneself, and it can only end in such a spirited death, just as people cannot lift themselves off the ground by their own hair.
Confucian scholars respectfully follow Zhongni’s stubbornness and eccentricity, and enter the world to practice benevolence and seek the Way. Christians imitate Jesus and have experienced it on behalf of others. Although the two are metaphysically, one is hidden, the other is visible, the other is dark and the other is bright, but both have the so-called "human suffering and evil" world outlook and the accompanying values of "joining the world to help the people", and more importantly, "the world of great harmony" and "the whole world". The so-called ultimate ideal and apocalyptic repayment of the Kingdom of Good Heaven. But these two, just one at a time, the difference between the real and the false, and thinking about it is actually the same thing.
Specifically to Tolstoy's thinking dilemma, his Orthodox belief is the whole of his spiritual existence, and he is unconsciously pious to the level of "no oil or salt", which is the source of his unsolvable pain. After all, the "destined" devout Tolstoy experienced the fruitful peak of the Age of Enlightenment. In the Napoleonic Wars, the latter's radiant brilliance also shone his eyes at that time, and in order to fight the "enemy" philosophy of enlightenment Shaking his own thinking, he became more pious, and lowered his head more anxiously to find the rational confirmation of his beliefs in reality, in order to completely defeat the "blasphemy" of the Enlightenment philosophy on God, but he did not seem to succeed, and in the aspect of God , Tolstoy, who was already exhausted physically and mentally, did not receive any specific response and support, not even the slightest hallucination, and everything fell deeper and deeper into the old-fashioned paradox of thinking. Stey did not break through the self to create miracles, but regrettably became more stubborn in the "self" created by belief, like a "mortal man". However, the most precious and rare thing for people is to be able to understand and deny the "self", especially when the "self" is an illusion after the "truth" is lost, the "denial" is even more impossible to talk about, but if anyone can do it This seems impossible. For Christians, it is the true "Messiah", and the world can govern without salvation. For Confucian students, it is "Tao walks my body", and the world can do nothing and settle itself. Good.
Such "can't stop" like Tolstoy is very common among Christians, and one can easily catch a glimpse of the absurd miracles of "Fatima" and "Bernadette" in Europe. The tendency of the human heart to flatten and develop in a "complex" spiritual activity called belief. In fact, at this point, there is no essential difference between "sage" Tolstoy and ordinary Russian shepherds. They believe in the same thing. The answer is to continue to push and drop the can.
Tolstoy was like a heartless frog who was disturbed by the light of enlightenment that originated from "Descartes", and began to climb up suspiciously. He managed to climb halfway, and the sky in his eyes suddenly became several times larger. In the moment of surprise, he was overjoyed, but after a little calm, he found that after a long time, he still didn't see the God he was thinking about in the bottom of his heart, but he encountered the fire brought by Napoleon, so he became discouraged and gave up halfway in the fright. Sliding back to the bottom of the well, he felt that he could only accept his fate in pain. From then on, he would live forever in the tug of mind of the existence of God, in the same shadow as before. Although he was suffering, he couldn't stop.
And it's not a long-term solution to hang one's "soul" in such a way that "you can't go to the village, you can't go to the store", and people with "dignity" can't get over it in terms of face, so they make two diametrically opposite The extreme choice is either to be more pious and return to the purest "faith" almost blindly and fanatically, or to betray it completely, to doubt everything furiously, to do the opposite, to degenerate wildly, to be depraved, to make heaven and earth, and to destroy the faith of bankruptcy. The soul and moral "savings" that cannot be realized in it, and all the so-called beasts that are anti-moral are squandered in order to achieve a basic balance of mind, and you don't have to think about it, how human beings is actually "debt repayment". thing.
But no matter which choice they choose, it shows that they cannot fundamentally give up this belief, because even betrayal is based on this belief as the only spiritual reference, so the place of betrayal is also closely matched, and they follow each step, just like Sun Monkey can't escape the Tathagata The palm of the hand, this is also because at that time, the anxious and flustered mind really had no other spiritual situation to shelter from. This is the same as a gambler's psychology. They either add more and make all-out bets in the hope of making a big profit, or they give up completely, but they can't take the life they've lost indifferently, walk away, and make fun of this deep-rooted bullying. , it must be hysterical, cursing endlessly, and then giving up on oneself, completely depressed, and no longer alive.
In fact, the essence of these behaviors is the so-called belief that the things outside the heart are called "the truth or God". "Self-healing" ability, and the "imaginary things" outside the heart, such as heaven and God, the rewards of the next life, and so on, are always worrying about gains and losses. There is no cure.
Going back to Tolstoy, his attitude towards Napoleon in his trilogy, "War and Peace", actually expresses his complex mentality towards the philosophy of the Enlightenment, that is, deeply influenced by it and yearning for it irrefutably, but for a while. He refused to accept it and tried to use his own Orthodox beliefs to blend or even dwarf this fundamentally opposed rationalism that is indeed superior. The reason why the story is so grand and complex is actually the author's own inner and old mixed with new and old thoughts. The chaotic and extremely subtle portraits, after all, trying to combine fundamentally opposite things and dwarfing clear and rational knowledge, such efforts are really painstaking and ultimately unsuccessful "Wu Gang's Dilemma", which is also Tolstoy's "Resurrection". "Larry eventually admitted the failure of this effort and the root cause of a utterly paranoid return to anarchic primordial Christianity, which explains why he ended up wandering away like a shepherd and dying at an unknown station. The tragic end of "Anna Karenina," which once served as the perfect embodiment of this effort, already marked the beginning of Tolstoy's more paranoid return to the faith, although he was as fascinated as Anna with the rationalism of the Enlightenment philosophy. , but "there is no egg", the emptiness without God in the light of enlightenment, Tolstoy could not bear.
I think the so-called "dross" is probably these, after all, Tolstoy once began to think, and once walked out of the "maze", but like "Nala", she would not know that her departure was actually for more people farther and farther. In the same way, Tolstoy was eventually swallowed up by the so-called "self" fabricated by his beliefs, and then intimidated by the intimidation of his own beliefs, worrying that his doomsday judgment was the last straw that broke the camel's back.
But Tolstoy is also a human being, and he is also a "lost lamb" in the eyes of "Jesus", an obsession that "God" failed to awaken in the end. You and I are really not much better than him, wash and sleep.
View more about War and Peace reviews
