, I even found several translated subtitles. Obviously, some translations could not accept the original words and tried to "pretend". This made me see the value of the film even more. and a question for subtitle research. Watching a movie, no matter how careful and serious it is, is nothing but a passing glance. The study of subtitles directly touches the art body, the creator itself. (Main character Fred Kinsey, Clara McMillan, Clayton Martin)
1. Scientific research is a natural process.
First of all, science comes from "curiosity", from "question".
The protagonist Kinsey was frail and sickly in childhood and was bedridden for a long time. So he is more longing for the outside world. I have typhoid and rickets. And rheumatic fever. Measles, chicken pox, pneumonia...and a few flu bouts. Eventually I started exercising outdoors and my body got better. I've never been more excited to be out in the wild... escaping from beds, sickness, family. The outdoors taught me to trust my own judgment. I started to study things, by capturing them... tasting them, watching them. This led him to study biology instead of engineering as his father wanted. After Bauerdeen got my undergraduate degree, I got my Ph.D. at Harvard Busey College. I took up a position as an assistant professor of zoology right here at Indiana University. I started by researching Genting Great Antlers or Antlers. Then I found a much more attractive insect. This is the American gall wasp. Here the gall wasps deposit their eggs into the host plant. In this case, an oak tree. Adult gall wasps have begun to bite their way through the tree and engage in copulation. Then it will die in pleasure. The animal kingdom includes at least two million insect species. So why are gall bees so attractive? I have spent the past three years traveling across the continent, collecting gall bees. And what have I learned from this little friend who is half the size of a common ant? You need a date!
After studying thousands of these annoying creatures under the microscope, I have yet to find a single gall wasp that looks the same as another. In fact, some are so different,
So that the offspring of the same generation of gall wasps have nothing to do with their parents, even more than bears and goats. Those of us can take comfort in this fact. Think about its meaning. If every living being is different from the other, then diversity is the irreducible fact of life. Only change is real.
Of course, he also came to fruition, and Professor Kinsey's method of collecting super-large numbers of gall wasps over a wide geographic range made him a remarkable scientist. They also earned him the immortal nickname "One Million" Kinsey. "Born a Million" Kinsey. His new book, Origins of Advanced Taxonomy, traces the origin of the gall wasp to its birthplace, in the late Cretaceous.
Obviously, what Kinsey learned from studying American gall wasps was "the need for a date" (life is precious, love is more expensive. The life of a gall wasp is so short, and these little creatures are willing to die for a date), through a lot of research , but only discovered the diversity of life; and later, the result is only to discover the origin and time of the gall wasp. We are not impressed by these achievements, and even the colleagues of Kinsey in the film are not too impressed. His works have been in the library for a long time and no one has read them. But you must know that the great scientists Darwin and Mendel came to their conclusions by relying on a large number of such experiments and statistics. As Kinsey himself said, a few days ago someone asked me what I was looking for. I said unless I saw the data, I don't know how to say it. Scientists can only give answers for sure if they get statistics...
In other words, scientists' work originally originated from "pursuing", looking for problems and discovering problems; rather than having a certain point of view and then trying to prove it. Before research, scientists are more likely to accumulate materials and look for answers on "factual materials".
Second, the motivation for research comes from the challenge of "unknown".
Young people are always in between tradition and future, rebel in inheritance, and finally find their own way. Kinsey, long suppressed by his stubborn and old-fashioned father, received an orthodox religious education, and was once a devout believer. Although the moral teachings of religion conflict with puberty growth, it can still help him through puberty. The problem is that he and his wife discovered that they "don't know anything" about sex when they reached marriageable age. Of course, they received higher education and made them understand that they had to find a professional. When there are questions, Kinsey looks for answers.
As a child, Kinsey received this sermon from a priest: We turn away from the physical life, and we turn to the spiritual life. Desire takes countless forms: dance halls, ice cream parlors, small bars in rental houses, Turkish baths, and like a hydra, it grows a new head everywhere. Even modern scientific inventions are breeding grounds for immorality. Car engines, which let us drive out for a ride, and even more harmful activities, such as roadside brothels; electricity, which makes nasty movies possible; and a young woman who can hear her suitor from her pillow because of the phone ; don't forget the ugliest invention, the sliding fastener, known as the zipper, that allows men and boys to quickly touch the object of moral depravity.
Religion fears change, fears science, and especially the "sex culture" shock of these new things. When young people grow up in such an environment, they will always remain fearful of their own primitive reactions. When they grow up, they are also prone to doubts about religious education. Like Kinsey discussing "masturbation" privately with friends.
Friend: I, um, I did that again. I tried to stop.
Kinsey: Anything that spills sexual fluids should be resisted, and doctors consider it a disease, like insanity, blindness and epilepsy, and even death.
Friend: What if it happened while you were asleep?
Kinsey: Losing one ounce of semen is equivalent to losing 40 ounces of blood.
Friend: Is this the equivalent of killing myself before I wake up? What should we do?
Kinsey: Open your heart, read this chapter of Sermons on the Mountain, soak your testicles in a bowl of cold water, and think of your mother's pure love.
Kinsey and his wife, who were raised in this environment (well educated, after all), remained virgins until marriage and had no sexual experience, so it started off badly. They even thought that such a problem was "physical incompatibility" (Mike: I've heard some people don't fit together. Physical, I mean.) Of course as a scientifically trained professor like Kinsey , naturally thought of looking for a professional. It turned out that Mrs. Kinsey's hymen was irregular in thickness, and Kinsey's penis was too long when erect, even exceeding the ruler measured by experts. The expert smiled and said to Mrs Kinsey: It's strange that you didn't pass out. Of course, the experts gave advice, and they solved the problem well. Then the Kinseys began to study sex life and develop the joy of sex life. At least three times a day for the first week, so at least 21 times, and also start enjoying oral sex. As a result, their children were born one after another. Because of some experience, Kinsey became a half-assistant expert, and began to provide some sexual advice to his students (graduate students, married students) to help students solve problems. Because those college students, even married college students, women think that children come out of a woman's belly button, men believe that oral sex will affect fertility, and that hands must never be used to achieve the purpose of sexual stimulation, and there is only one finger of love. Get to the female genitalia...that's the male organ. Kinsey argues that this is fundamental: morality hides the truth. At that time, the sex teaching in the hygiene class was actually still full of moral preaching (in reality, some of our teaching materials are still like this, and there are recent reports on this): terrifying sexual diseases, miscarriage, impotence, etc. To scare students, guide students to actively study, and call for abstinence: abstinence is beneficial to both men and women in college. Men reach their sexual peak at the age of forty, but people who are relatively uneducated, such as black people, find it difficult to control their impulses... In order to To popularize sex education, Kinsey set up a "marriage education class". As a professor, Kinsey conducted further research on sex (no longer limited to experiments with couples).
Once a problem is solved, new problems will arise; if a method is not applicable, a new method will be born.
Just like in "The Martian", the protagonist taught the "key experience" to young students after living on Mars: solve one problem, solve another problem, and finally solve it.
Kinsey initially opened lectures to married women, teachers, seniors, and married college students. His first class was this: Why take a marriage course? Because society has interfered with normal biological activities. Sexual ignorance leads to sexual difficulties for newlyweds, and in an open society, children as young as twelve can take my class. Learning the basics of sex lets us learn the six stages of sex: stimulation, excitement, erection, increased sensitivity, orgasm, and nervous relaxation. He also used an example to let students understand the "moral constraints": who can tell me which part of the human body can be enlarged a hundred times? Miss? (Girl asked: Of course I don't know, why are you asking me this question in a co-ed classroom?) I'm just saying you have pupils, miss. [Laughter] Sorry to tell you, disappointed you [Laughter].
After that, he began to confront students such as: Can too much sex cause cancer? Does wearing high heels affect libido? Will my breasts irritate him, or will I get syphilis from oral sex? Is homosexuality a sign of insanity? I'm thinking about my cat, so badly... Does sexual repression promote learning? Is my penis smaller than a lot of people? Does excessive masturbation cause premature ejaculation? Is it normal for my boyfriend to touch my private parts? such a problem. And these questions, which are beyond Kinsey's ability to say: I don't know, it's hard to say what's normal or abnormal from a sexual standpoint because we know so little about what people actually do , which makes most of us feel anxious or guilty. So he began to try to let the students in the class complete the "sex questionnaire" to acquire more knowledge. After getting some facts, he had doubts again. Of course this is the attitude of science. Here's a conversation he had with his wife, Mike, and his student, Martin, on his experimental iris field:
Kinsey: Mike, the results will surprise you. There's a huge difference between what we imagine people will do and what they actually do.
Martin: You know what surprised me the most? How sexy a girl looks has nothing to do with the quality of her sex life, ugly women seem to have more experience.
Mike: I think "ugly" is a bad word.
Martin: I'm sorry.
Kinsey: I learned from the questionnaire that masturbation is not exclusive to men, nor are many women.
Mike: I'm not surprised by that. What about premarital sex?
Kinsey: About one-third of men have at least one experience, but only one-tenth of women.
Mike: If they're telling the truth?
Martin: There is extramarital sex, not just heterosexuality but homosexuality.
Kinsey: I only hope that we can get more volunteers. One hundred cases is far from representative.
Mike: Maybe because it's in the form of a questionnaire, it feels like homework or an exam.
Martin: I agree, and people don't know if they can trust you.
Kinsey: They want to keep their secrets safe, but it's ridiculous, everyone knows that the questionnaires are locked by me.
Mike: Clyde is right, you're asking someone to answer a very sensitive question, even one that has serious consequences.
Martin: How about if you just talk to them? Then all the secrets will only be in your head.
Martin's words reminded Kinsey, and he switched tactics to interviews. In the beginning, he single-handedly asked people around like he did with gall wasps. Even with a "fearless" attitude, he went deep into the land of three religions and nine streams, and asked all kinds of people. The more people he asked, the better his questioning skills were, and he even had the tricks to find out if the interviewee was lying. He came into contact with more "homosexuals" and thought: Humans are just bigger and more complex wasps, what I have to do is to collect the most information, and homosexuality is an excellent starting point. Then he found that none were completely straight, six were completely gay, and many were in between. In order to confirm, he actually tried it with his student Martin (this is really shocking. Before Martin, in the "Basic Survey of Homosexuality and Heterosexuality", he got a "third" evaluation, which is estimated to be bisexual. The standard of love, and Kinsey was originally inclined to the first and second types of heterosexuality, but after being exposed to too much homosexuality, he seemed to be affected. So he accepted Martin's suggestion, and the two had sex). (The film does not explain whether this changed Kinsey's sexual orientation. But we can draw a conclusion: the research itself also changes reality, here is the research process that changed Kinsey. And Kinsey's research, obviously also changed the United States , and even the world. The sexual liberation movement should have something to do with Kinsey. From the back, two of Kinsey's best students, Martin's wife, had an affair with another student. It can also be seen here that the long-term study of sexuality Research loosens the understanding and inclusivity of sexuality, which naturally loosens the moral constraints. Although in the film, Kinsey asks another student to apologize and promise to let Martin continue to love his wife. It seems to solve the problem.) But he told his wife Mike honestly, because they had agreed that the "sexual history" between the two must be open and honest. Of course, this drew Mike's anger and bitterness over his "love infidelity." In the end, both out of "balance" Mrs. "anger" and out of "validation" (apparently Mike has said he is interested in other men too), it looks like this does solve the problem. Mike was obviously very happy working upstairs with Martin, and Kinsey naturally felt "jealous", and he kept urging from the stairs downstairs: The Rockefeller Foundation is coming today, (Mike: You know how much I am Enjoy this sex.) We have to prepare. (Mike: It’s here, it’s such a great day.) It can be seen from this that the film is faithful to the facts, but such a thing is easy to fall into the truth. Kinsey is using the name of research to commit adultery.
Kinsey's "interview" survey yielded a lot of information. This led him to a basic conclusion: Many people think that their sexuality is also what other people do or should do. However, I must claim that all so-called perversions are within the range of normal biological behavior, such as masturbation, oral sex, and homosexual behavior, which are normal in many animals, including humans. Society may condemn such behavior morally, but biologically it is natural. But according to the surveyed public opinion there is an equation "man plus woman equals children" and anything else is secondary. But the documentation of male orgasms attests to the ineffectiveness of social norm constraints and the ignorance of human sexual knowledge. Why do some cows have sex all the time and some just stand there? Why do some men need to orgasm thirty times a week and some barely? Because everyone is different. The problem is that a lot of people want to be like humans, and they find it easier to ignore this fundamental human law. They are so eager to be part of the crowd that they will sell out their own kind to get their way, and it becomes an obsession if something fun or desired is forbidden. Clearly, Kinsey's research reveals a key point: Human sexuality, as a biological property, is no different from other creatures, as diverse and individual as the "gall wasps" Kinsey's previous study. However, everyone is limited by "convergence", and in order to keep themselves consistent with others, the pursuit of consistency (in fact, the surface commonality) leads to "abstinence".
Kinsey continued his research in accordance with the traditional thinking and methods of "biology", and he hoped to get more data. So, he began to seek financial support. In the process, he met some collectors of "sex art" and came into contact with the sexual culture of various countries. While enlisting support from the Rockefeller Foundation, Kinsey, who visited private collections, said: "One of the keys to understanding foreign cultures is pornography, each with its own unique sexual imagery that is representative. You can see that Brazil is wild and its territories are relatively restrained. The British always keep their faces straight, while in the Far East they cover up with sashes. In order to convince the Foundation, it was obvious that Kinsey would give "the conclusion of the study". Kinsey said: "A few days ago, someone asked me what I was looking for. I said unless I saw the data, I don't know how to say it. Scientists can only give an answer with certainty only when they get statistics (this is the second time this article is quoted). And, came up with our own plan: We decided to divide America into two large social subgroups, and we would assign 400 to 1,000 people from each location to each group, for a total of 100,000. It might be a bit of a float, it might take 20 years, but we can answer most of our questions about human sex. The initial publications will focus on men, and a few years later will focus on women, with nine more books on homosexuality, pregnancy, miscarriage, and the arts, of course from a sexual perspective.
After that, Kinsey won the Rockefeller Foundation sponsorship (because rich people also want to know a lot about sex, so the Rockefeller Foundation executives unanimously voted). As a result, Kinsey began to train a group of students to help them complete the interview, and formed a set of scientific and effective interview methods. Not only that, but he also used other means, for example, he actually took the "sex report" to provide Martin with "marriage reference" to find him a suitable wife (another student asked Martin's wife: he got your sex Life history, right? He won't let Clyde marry you unless he thinks you're a good fit.) And Professor Kinsey asked the Martins to document their sexual experiences.
Not only that, he also asked female volunteers to conduct "sexual masturbation or sexual intercourse videos" for observation. Of course, studying this led Kinsey to discover the source of "female" sexual arousal. Did I mention that Barbara's first orgasm was at age 40? See how she touched her labia minora and clitoris, which 84% of the sample stimulated herself. (Q: What about the vagina?) Except for a small number of women, the vagina basically has no reaction and basically does not have any nerve endings. As you can see, the penetration of the penis did not change the source of the stimulation, even with an experienced partner like Pamelo. For many years, women have been told that clitoral orgasms are immature and neurotic, and they strive to direct the source of orgasms to vaginal stimulation, but this is biologically impossible for many women.
Even, because of his reputation in this area, not only more people are willing to accept his interviews (in the film, the movie stars mentioned are also willing), hoping to get his opinion. Some "extreme researchers" will also come to him and provide him with their results. This gave him more information.
In the end, no one can know where the results of science will end up.
As mentioned above, scientific achievements, as a kind of "new discovery", a kind of "new thing", its existence will interact with everything that exists in reality, and even shake and change reality.
Kinsey has achieved a lot of results, filled in many gaps, and solved many people's doubts. But in the end, it was also opposed by religion, questioned by society, and interfered by the government. This was beyond his expectations.
Kinsey published the first result, a report on male sexuality. The film shows the huge repercussions after the book was published. Newspapers, television and various media are chasing Kinsey, like big-name stars or politicians. After all, the first work has solved many of your questions, and it hasn't touched your "key point" yet. The film indirectly shows some of the content of the book: for example, couples have sex, which everyone agrees, but this is only one of nine ways that American men achieve orgasm. Premarital sex, extramarital sex, masturbation and homosexuality are more common than anyone thinks.
However, the second book, the study of women, hit a big nail. Why? In the film, during his speech, Kinsey talks about: In Congolese chimpanzees, the primate closest to us, sex is the bond that maintains social relations and peace. Without romantic love, without religion, without morality, their social behaviors are intertwined as biological units. Based on data from our sample of women, we observed a wide variety of motivations for extramarital sex, sometimes intentional or unintentional to gain social status, sometimes for different experiences, and to be stronger than their husbands of people have sex, sometimes in revenge for a sexual partner's extramarital sex, or for some non-sexual abuse, some women find new ways to vent their emotions - others don't think it's possible to have sex with any other partner Sharing, this intimate relationship, we have also encountered certain cases. Some of these are husbands encouraging their wives to engage in extramarital sex in order to give them extra opportunities for sexual satisfaction. This kind of content, naturally, has been attacked a lot, and Kinsey himself does not know why, he said: I want to know why people hate this book. Wife Mike pointed out the problem very clearly: You tell them their grandmothers and their daughters masturbate, have premarital sex, and have sex with each other, what more do you expect? It's clear that Kinsey's second book, and his rhetoric, has come to a point where it clashes with traditional notions of sexuality, with religion, and now with mainstream social consciousness (which everyone thinks has influenced their opinion). dignity). Not only did Kinsey suffer from heart problems because of work fatigue. Affected by the spirit, especially the Rockefeller Foundation was influenced by public opinion and withdrew its aid, but was unable to obtain the support of other funds. Not only that, but Hoover is still pissed at you (Kinsey) for not helping him identify gays at the State Department, rumored to be collecting your dossier and the activities of your staff. Then, without a direct connection, Kinsey was found to be carrying a large number of "sexual photos and artworks" when he passed through customs.
Kinsey went around looking for money himself, and he begged the rich man for pity: We need someone to give us money, and you don't know how much pain I'm going through to get the kind of financial support that other scientists have always had. My financial support was siphoned off, my name was trampled on, in all the newspapers and magazines in this country. Every dollar I made was put into this research project, but fighting that customs case drained what we had and we went bankrupt. I don't even know how much time I have left, help me, I have to record this. But even if he begged. The tycoon who owns the foundation still rejects him: I'm sorry, any kind of support I make will be misinterpreted as support for sex, and I can't stand that kind of exposure.
In the film, Kinsey's work in his twilight years is shown in a euphemistic manner. It is obvious that he has no funds and no healthy body. Although he works tirelessly, his achievements have come to an end, and the society's enthusiasm for him has also faded. However, no one can deny that he has made great contributions to science and sex research, no matter what, he is a master of a generation.
And, the film subtly cites an interview at the end. It shows that Kinsey is still working hard in the final stages of his life. It also reflects the positive meaning of his work. A woman thanked him.
Women: We have been married for 23 years and have three best children. When the youngest went to college, I got a job at an arts foundation, where I met a woman, the secretary of the foundation's office. We immediately became friends and I fell in love with her soon after, which was shocking, as you can imagine. The more I tried to ignore it, the stronger it felt, you don't know what it's like to have your own mind against you. I can't talk to anyone about my situation, I found another way, I drink heavily. The fact that my husband left me and my kids left me and I almost ended it all reminded me how little our society has changed.
Kinsey: What did you say?
Women: It's much better now.
Kinsey: Oh, what's going on?
Women: Of course it's yours, after I read your book I realize how many other women are like me. I plucked up the courage to talk to my friend about my situation, and to my great surprise, she told me that she felt the same way. We have been happy for three years since then, you have saved my life, sir.
Kinsey investigates the entire process of science, from religious monopoly to scientific breakthrough. The key is to move forward gradually along the road of "seeking knowledge", and everything is logical.
2. The spirit and quality of science.
What is the spirit of science? The most basic of course is "seeking truth", the unremitting pursuit of truth. What is the quality of science? It's a matter of "true" "purity". It's as if you say, "I love you." Even if I believe it, I have to test how "true" that statement is.
We explore Kinsey's scientific qualities, the answers that Kinsey can face to the Rockefeller Foundation's questioning about the "purpose" of research (a few days ago, someone asked me what I was looking for. I said unless I saw Data, I don't know how to say it. Scientists can only give an answer with certainty if they get statistics. This is the third time this article has quoted this word) See. It can be seen from his aversion to the "pseudo-morality" that "interferes with the truth". It can also be seen in his efforts to devise a perfect set of "interview" procedures and techniques. It can also be seen from his persistence and dedication to his work. Of course, we can see clues from the various doubts he faced.
In the process of research, Kinsey has faced questions from his lover, family, colleagues in the work unit, and society. Specifically how, let's see.
First of all, it is to face the doubts of the son. Kinsey has two daughters and a son. At a family dinner, the Kinsey couple shared their sexual experiences with their two daughters. The specific conversation went like this:
Kinsey: Anne, you've been dating Jim for a while.
Annie: Let's talk about marriage, I don't think we'll have sex in college.
Kinsey: That should be better.
Younger daughter: If Annie can do it, so should I.
Kinsey: Your sister is 18 and in a relationship.
Little Daughter: Will it hurt?
Mike: What, baby?
Younger daughter: Broken hymen?
Mike: Just a little bit, not too bad, just pay attention to the angle when inserting.
Hearing this, the son Bruce was very angry and had a quarrel with his father Kinsey.
Bruce: Can't talk about this on other occasions? Other families don't do this, it's not normal.
Kinsey: When did you become so serious?
Bruce: A lot of my friends think my family is crazy and their parents think you're dangerous.
Obviously, talking about sex with his family is very disgusting, and the root of his disgust is that this is an attitude that is contrary to "social orthodoxy". Booth views his father as a friend and his friend's parents, and feels that The father is dangerous, such a family is crazy. Even though we can look at this conversation objectively now, it is difficult for our Chinese family to have such a conversation. However, we can see that the Kinsey couple and their two daughters are discussing very important things in reality. By avoiding such things, what they actually get is a "false" morality, not a "truth-seeking" attitude. Bruce's attitude was officially the "hypocritical false Taoism" that Kinsey had always opposed.
Second, he had sex with Martin and then confessed to his wife Mac, who couldn't accept it. The two had a fight, and it was clear that the wife thought "sex" meant love, and Kinsey and Martin having a relationship meant betrayal. But Kinsey thinks this is just an experiment, for the sake of science, it won't affect the couple's feelings at all.
Kinsey: I think you should know myself better than I do.
Mike: I'm not sure I understand you, but I've always been open to what you want.
Kinsey: It's not your fault, you're the best woman a man can have.
Mike: But it's not enough, right?
Kinsey: Mike, I don't quite know what's on my mind. But if I don't know and pretend to know, when I know your history...
Mike: No! do not want!
Kinsey: Do you admit to having sex with other men?
Mike: Don't refute me with this.
Kinsey: Excuse me, what makes you feel faithful? is traditional.
Mike: No, it's all about marriage, it's our children.
Kinsey: That's right, social restrictions. Can you not think like that, we are actually abiding by social restrictions to prevent people from continuing to hurt each other.
Mike: I don't sleep with other men because I love you.
Kinsey: I don't want to hurt you.
Mike: What if you don't hurt me? I will get hurt too.
Kinsey: You're just afraid that I don't love you anymore, but that's impossible. Humans and animals can have all kinds of sexual behaviors, and not all sex will be punished by love.
Mike: Shut up, stop, stop preaching, Parker. Don't use science to justify what you do.
Kinsey: Mike...listen to me, you are my woman and always will be. Sex is nothing compared to our union, our shared life.
Mike: I can't talk to you about this anymore.
As some points of view will also mention that for women, sex is love, but for men, sex is sex and love is love. There seems to be no scientific conclusion to this view. However, I believe in Kinsey's attitude, or I believe in the understanding of the filmmakers. Because he is not homosexual himself, and although Martin is somewhat vague in terms of sexual orientation, he is more inclined to heterosexuality. The relationship between the two is entirely related to their long-term exposure to homosexuality, their interest in same-sex sexual relations, and their "trying". Science itself attaches great importance to "experiments". We may think this is absurd in terms of moral standards, but as far as science is concerned, this is a very bold, even "sacrificial" experiment. As far as I understand it, as a heterosexual, having sex with a man is disgusting. In addition, Kinsey reported to Mike immediately, and as the two agreed before, "there is no sexual history secret". It can be seen that his relationship with Martin was purely an experiment.
Again, the professional challenge raised by academia, his colleagues, and others.
The so-called professional questioning refers more to the "method" and "entry point" of research. At the beginning, Kinsey's colleagues and superiors reminded Kinsey to pay attention to this and that. Because social sciences, especially sex sciences, can easily touch moral issues (a bit like religion meets scientific issues) and cause a lot of trouble, even in schools.
Gregg: Since you're working on such a sophisticated field, they should be as clean as possible, door-to-door salesmen, Professor King.
Principal: I think Dr. Gregg's view is that anyone involved with the project must have a very pure scientific spirit that transcends moral values. One more thing, I hope you don't focus solely on perversions and perversions.
Kinsey: Science has always been interested in the anomalous.
Principal: Yes, but it's a wise choice to focus on normal research. You don't want to shock the world.
Kinsey: Of course not. I'm just a taxonomist. I'm more curious. I'd be happy to leave these social policies to others.
Obviously, Kinsey accepted both of these requirements. After all, his colleagues were very kind. However, we can see that this is also a euphemistic criticism from colleagues, and Kinsey is clearly paying too much attention to "sexual perversion". However, his attitude towards "sexual perversion" is that "science has always been interested in abnormal things". This is easy to understand. It can be seen from the research of several master figures of biology-Darwin, Mendel, and Morgan (interested readers can read my book "Absolute Reason"). Find a special case, you can On the top of a lot of "normal" research, this is also a "professional" approach.
Later, more serious problems occurred, and even the directors of the Rockefeller Foundation were shocked.
Director: I heard, um...you watch women, under conditions where they are stimulated. it is true?
Kinsey: Yes, do you know why? We went to the best gynecologist and asked him for some measurements and they had basically no idea what we were talking about, and we completely ignored the female genitals.
Director: Who are these women?
Kinsey: Volunteers, friends of research projects.
Director: Prostitutes?
Kinsey: No, prostitutes are totally useless, they'll fake orgasms.
Director: God, Alan.
Kinsey: The sexual history we have is priceless. Everyone knows that science is based on direct observation, and there is no substitute for direct observation of the eye, or a camera.
Director: Camera? Don't tell me you're making a movie?
Kinsey: Just some pictures of mammal behavior. Oh Nature's Film
Directors: Animals?
Kinsey: Yes, if you will.
Obviously, most of us would have had a hard time hearing about such appalling practices if we hadn't seen the movie. However, after the scientific teaching of Kinsey, we can consider it more objectively. Kinsey, who studies the female orgasm, doesn't accept prostitutes (as if we were more receptive) for the truth. And his attitude is clear "Science is based on direct observation". For him, such observations are nothing more than "some pictures of mammals and movies of nature". If you want to study human beings, in order to remain objective, you have to observe human beings as "animals". Although this may distort the researcher's "psychology" and may also arouse the disgust of the general public, it can still gain a foothold in terms of research methods. After being held accountable by the directors, there is also a clip in the film where Kinsey brings a special woman into the studio, and Mike is making preparations and laying out the sheets. Kinsey introduced to his two assistants and the principal: Gentlemen, you are about to meet a rare creature whose even the most mundane contact will cause her to be sexually responsive. During intercourse, her first orgasm occurs 2 to 5 seconds after entering. Are you ready, Barbara? Then an old woman came in through the door and said hello to everyone. As bizarre as it sounds, there are still many cases in the scientific media that report on such cases today. These are the best examples of biodiversity, and the "cases" needed for many other scientific research projects. In the film, Kinsey says something like this: There are still some who will argue that sex is largely a feeling, an attitude that overrides training as a zoologist. Just like biochemists don't analyze cooking because they're not cooks. Enough, that's a stupid way of looking at things, one of the goals of science is to simplify things, and the only way to learn scientifically accurately is to study physiology without all the veils. This passage can help us understand that we have been looking at problems with "colored glasses", thinking that attributes belonging to people must contain a subjective attitude, while ignoring "the most basic requirement of science - simplification". Sex is just sex, an animal property.
finally. It's the point of view of society, America that flaunts freedom, the American people flaunting sexual liberation, is actually not what we think it is - unscrupulous. Even, we can see that they are quite conservative when it comes to "sex". After all, sexual infidelity can destroy families, sexual indulgence can subvert morality, and sexual freedom can destroy society. It should be said that although the views of society represent the public, they do not represent science. However, as a social product, it is difficult for science itself to transcend society to survive. Naturally, it needs to face the judgment of society.
After the success of his first book, Kinsey was sought after by journalists. I didn't expect him to express his views on "sex crimes" at this time: Gentlemen, please be quiet. If you guys want to write something meaningful I suggest you read a little more of my book. Most sex offenders in prisons throughout history are no different than everyone else, their only crime is not being civilized. This is very unfair, and the law does not blame the public. If everyone sins, then everyone is innocent. The scientific point of view is to find the cause and explain the problem. Indeed, Kinsey found reasons for sexual crimes that did not conflict with our ordinary human sexual desires. However, Kinsey's "innocence" simply believing it can be explained is clearly unacceptable. Of course, Kinsey's original intention may be referring to those homosexuals like Turing (who would have been sent to prison at the time), but his statement can obviously include "sex offenders", which is easy to make the public dissatisfied . Not only that, Kinsey suggested that all kinds of sexual perversions are so natural that those who restrained themselves morally and avoided those perverted behaviors would indulge themselves. In science, it may be proved that the animal nature and the "stifling" of the nature in the growth environment force it to break out into criminal behavior. However, these scientific understandings must become "crime prevention" and demonstrate the conditions of social civilization, rather than become "exemptions" of crimes.
Later, Kinsey publicly released such remarks: The problem of marital infidelity is still one of the most complex problems facing our society. Regulating the desires of married individuals, through different sexual partners, while maintaining a stable marriage, is a problem for our still unsatisfied society. The truth is that America is awash in sexual activity, but only a fraction of it is socially acceptable, sexual morality needs to be rewritten, and science will show the way. Clearly, this remark fully demonstrates the impact of his research. As "sex" as an animal attribute, it is suppressed by the social order. The problem is that this suppression is for the harmony of family and society, so how should we deal with it? Kinsey believes "sexual morality has to be rewritten," and science will point the way. This is obviously the optimistic attitude of scientists, but the rewriting of sexual morality is inseparable from the coordination of human nature and social morality, and sexual science is only a "promotion".
In any case, Kinsey was originally disgusted by American society because of his second book, the research on women's sexual life. Problem science itself is seeking truth, not good. In this regard, Kinsey is not wrong. However, Kinsey's attempt to use "science" to impact morality and change society is not wrong in itself, but it obviously goes beyond the boundaries of science.
3. Scientific attitudes and methods. (In "Film Xology", as a case of method, the quality of science is discussed.)
To be precise, the attitude of science is very method, and it is also the quality that serves science. Kinsey's scientific attitude is very clear, as Martin asked him: You told me about your whole life, childhood, family, career. Everyone you've been in a relationship with, but you haven't mentioned any love. Kinsey said: That's because love can't be measured, you know, there's no science without a measure.
In addition to the "statistics" method mentioned above, the "investigation report" method, the "pursuit of exceptional cases" method, and the "direct observation" method, the film also shows in detail the "interview method" used by Kinsey. The narrative method of the film is a bit special. At the beginning, Professor Kinsey is training his students to conduct "sex interviews". Let the student ask himself to elicit the history of his growth. In this way, we can also learn about Kinsey's complete interview techniques.
The first is to make sure that the interviewee is telling the truth, and that the interviewee is allowed to talk to himself in a relaxed environment.
From the very beginning, Kinsey taught students: Don't sit so far. We want to avoid creating any distance. Try not to frown. You have to relax. If you don't relax, how can you expect me to be more open? The student then interprets the recorded form as he asks: As you can see, the sheet is divided into squares and squares. A total of 287 blocks. Your sexual experience fills this page with an implicit code. Kinsey reminded him again: Don't forget to mention that there is no write key for this encoding. The only time the test subject was outspoken was when he knew he was speaking with absolute complete confidence.
Students start by asking: In this case, if you're ready, I'll start with some simple basic questions. Kinsey immediately pointed out the problem: No, it was all wrong, and it should have been more relaxed at first. Then he showed it to his wife, asked him what he wanted to drink, and gave him a glass of water. Then ask: Did you have any fun on the weekend? This starts the conversation, and then tell the students: If you feel relaxed about these innocuous questions, you will forget about your nervousness when others continue to ask questions.
Not only that, Kinsey also has requirements for the appearance of the students, because the interviewees will have different feelings according to the appearance of the interviewer. Gebhard has a moustache. Kinsey said to him: I think you'd better shave off your moustache. Gebhard objected: I like it. Kinsey pointed out the essence of the mustache: it's a pretense, it's a cover-up. Just watch any movie. It just so happens that hooligans always have mustaches. (Leung Chao-wai's filming of "In the Mood for Love" doesn't mean that he has a little more beard and becomes a bad guy.) Gebhard defended again: My wife likes it. Kinsey went on to advise him: You have an opportunity to make an important contribution to knowledge and science. And you told me to give up for a pinch of hair on my face? Unexpectedly, Gebhard insisted: yes, I think so. Kinsey said helplessly: Ah. Well, then trim it.
In the film, it is also mentioned that Hoover, the head of the FBI, was still angry that Kinsey would not help him identify homosexuality in the State Department. Obviously, this is also a practice to ensure the privacy of the interviewee, to ensure their scientific reputation and beliefs.
The second is the art of inquiring about language.
In the film, as long as Kinsey is directing Martin and Gebhard. It can clearly see the requirements of the interview for language arts.
Martin asked: Single or married? Kinsey Answers: Married. Martin asked again: What race? Kinsey said disgustedly: Don't waste your time asking such obvious things, Martin. Obviously, the interviewee is also annoying to ask such a question. So Martin switched the question: How was your relationship with your parents growing up? Kinsey points out the wrong again: it's a multiple problem. Allow me to ignore any part I don't want to answer. Martin changed the question again: How was your relationship with your mother? Kinsey: Very good. We have a close relationship. Obviously this is the clear question.
Gebhard looked even stranger: what are we going to do? Kinsey told him: We shun the physical to focus on the spiritual—sexuality. So Gebhard asked: How old were you when you first masturbated? Kinsey said to him immediately: No. do not. Don't be so euphemistic. (Can't ask "masturbation" is too euphemistic, if you are euphemistic, then the following conversation will be euphemistically hypocritical) If you talk to a university graduate student, say "masturbation", "testicles", "penis", "vagina", "vulva" , "urination", "defecation". For males in the lower grades, they say "touch yourself", "egg", "dick", "cunt", "urine", and "shit". I don't understand, Gebhard. Maybe your Harvard degree is too high for our goals.
In the film, there are also many interviews performed by Kinsey himself, but the one conversation with his father can best see his ability. Kinsey's father is an old-fashioned old man, and Kinsey has always wanted to know why, so he asked his father for an interview.
Kinsey: I hope you can contribute to this research. (with a clear goal attitude)
Father: Oh
Kinsey: How old were you when you moved to Hebogan? (easy question)
Father: At 16, you don't need me for this interview, Al. I haven't told you anything you don't know.
Kinsey: Go ahead, how old were you when you first masturbate? (Encouraging, and straight to the point.)
What?
Kinsey: Touch yourself. (Explicit emphasis, avoid the other side escaping)
Father: I never did.
Kinsey: A man with no history of masturbation hardly exists. (questioning, provocation)
Father: He exists, Al, right in front of you.
Kinsey: It's not going to work, I don't know why I'm doing it. (Following resistance, retreating to advance)
Father: Sit down, I will do it again.
Kinsey: How often did you masturbate when you were young? (Although the conversion problem, it is actually a step on the basis of "determining the problem")
Father: There is a problem. It's... what doctors call a chronic disease.
Kinsey: How long did it last?
Father: I wear a belt that is so tight that I can't touch my genitals all day long. It was a very embarrassing medical treatment, but it was very effective, and the disease was finally cured.
Kinsey: How old were you then? (Remain objective and pursue the exact number)
Father: I am 10 years old.
Kinsey: Sorry, Dad.
Father: I'm feeling a little tired now, you seem to be wasting your time, Al. Nobody wants to hear this.
Although it is not clear, we can understand that Kinsey's father, because of a certain disease when he was a child, and then received that specific "abstinence" equipment, which caused him to be suppressed for a long time, and treated himself with a repressed attitude children. It is really difficult to ask such a history. However, only in this way can we be able to ask the truth and be regarded as a scientific method.
Third, it is to have a set of means to ensure the effectiveness of the interview.
As Kinsey himself says, there are techniques for catching the lies and inconsistencies of respondents when it comes to detecting whether they are lying. In order to make the interviewees fully trust themselves, and to quantify it, he also made up a set of password recording methods. This not only records, but also allows respondents to feel that their privacy has been effectively protected, and it is easier to tell the truth. Only after recording can we do scientific statistics, and even special symbolic records, which are more convenient for statistics. If homosexuality is recorded as 1, and heterosexuality is recorded as 0, then the statistical proportion only needs to be added to the total number to be clear.
Finally, and most importantly, a neutral, objective attitude.
Through the daimyo, he also naturally came into contact with more people, even his "comrades". A self-recommended interviewee, through others, met with Kinsey and Martin.
Interviewee: My name is...
Kinsey: No, not necessary.
Interviewee: Kenneth Braun. Don't worry, Dr. Kinsey, I trust you, we're actually pretty similar, you know.
Kinsey: Why?
Interviewee: I also wrote down everything, the depth of each vagina I entered, the length and girth of each penis, the time of orgasm, the spacing of ejaculation, I wrote it all down, it's my life's work The record, of course, is about sex. I find that recording is a great way to relive an event, isn't it? I also have a rare ability to start from being completely soft, where I can get an erection and ejaculate within 10 seconds.
I'd say it's basically impossible physiologically, not even the flow of blood itself...
Respondent: Oh, oh! (On the spot, it's clear from Kinsey's and Martin's expressions that he's not lying) Can we get started? My grandfather told me about sex when I was 10 years old. My first gay partner was, well, my dad. I was 11 at the time, and of the 33 members of my family, I had sex with 17, spanning 5 generations. My penis is 8.24 inches long and 2.8 inches in diameter when fully erected. When I was younger, it was about 8ml per ejaculate. After 50, it dropped to 5ml. I have had sex with animals of 22 species and I have had sex with 9412 individuals, 605 underage males and 231 underage females. Have you ever seen a boy orgasm?
Kinsey: No.
Interviewee: No? That's why I'm so helpful. Physiologically, it is basically the same as an adult orgasm.
Martin couldn't take it anymore: Forget it, I'll be waiting for you at the bar downstairs.
Interviewee: I thought you had trained them to be fair.
Kinsey: Sometimes that's hard.
Interviewee: Well, I imagine people like me really put your faith to the test, eh?
Kinsey: Why?
Interviewee: Everyone you know should do what they want.
Kinsey: I never said that, no one should be forced to do what they don't want to do, no one should be hurt.
Interviewee: You know, you're more serious than I thought.
Obviously, the respondents may also be "science lovers", or consider themselves "scientists" and "statisticians". He and his "work" are indeed rare material for Kinsey. However, it is clear that his behavior that is so rampant and beyond the moral law is unacceptable. Kinsey's students, feeling unable to face such a guy, chose to run away. Kinsey insisted on continuing to record objectively. However, he also clearly expressed his "attitude" to the interviewees: no one should be forced to do what they don't want to do, and no one should be hurt. Clearly, the interviewee must have done quite a few of these things before. And the interviewee always thought that Kinsey was like himself, beyond the law, morality and ethics. Scientific work emphasizes the pursuit of truth and is desperate, but when the object of research is human beings, objections to "scientific attitudes and methods" are prone to appear. Therefore, scientists must adhere to "legal system and morality" and conduct research on this basis. . This is where the difficulty of science is often, so Einstein regretted his involvement in promoting nuclear weapons research all his life.
2016/6/30
View more about Kinsey reviews
