This has brought a huge development to the livestock industry in Argentina. It also exports a large number of beef cattle to the European continent as its main source of income. Such a continent can be said to be a gift from God, so why not make good use of it? Savvy Europeans certainly wouldn't let such a good place go. From the first time the Spanish fleet arrived on this land, the frustrated Europeans, under the hype of returning sailors, began their voyage with dreams and the eager pursuit of creditors, and began to reclaim this virgin land. Proliferate quickly.
In the streets of Buenos Aires, there is no trace of America. The streets are paved with large boulders shipped directly from Europe, and there are small Parisian-style cafes on every street corner, and the proportion of white people is the majority. On the walls of the European-style buildings that have turned yellow, you can see that the city was intoxicated at that time. At the beginning of the last century, Argentina emerged as a wealthy country. Its per capita GDP is similar to that of Germany, and it exceeds that of Italy and Japan. When people brag in social situations, they will say that they are "as rich as Argentina". And because it is far away from the European continent, it was lucky to escape the two wars, did not cause much impact on the country's economic development, and attracted a large number of wealthy businessmen who fled from Europe. It stands to reason that this should give Argentina a better chance of developing: it has saved itself well when the whole world is in scrimmage and scrimmage. But how did it fade away on the international stage step by step, and finally became a resentful woman who could only cry.
Argentina has left several iconic figures to the world, except for the revolutionary idol Che Guevara and Borges who regards the library as a paradise, probably Madame Veron. Every time I mention her, the face of McDonald's sister and the tactful "don't cry for me Argentina" come to my mind.
But don't be fooled by her cries, it was she and her husband, Colonel Madame Veron, who brought Argentina to economic ruin. Colonel Veron heard the name and knew that he was another president who came to power by military coup. This has become commonplace in South America. Various colonels are the protagonists of Marquez's novels many times. It stands to reason that the military regime represents the elite minority, and its policy should be on the right side (for this point, you can refer to Pinochet, the military dictatorship in Chile at the same time: lower tariffs, liberalization of property rights, free market), but the Verons still Resolutely to the extreme left road. The main policy is the following:
1. Welfare system. Provide a large number of education, medical care, pension and other benefits for low-income groups such as workers and farmers in the country. In this way, it was welcomed by the proletariat, which accounts for the majority of the electorate. Coupled with the fact that Mrs. Veron personally visited the grassroots, the Veron and his wife were loved by the common people. This political impact is far-reaching. In 1955, the Veron government was replaced by another military regime. When Mr. Veron, who had been in exile for 18 years, stood on the campaign stage again in 1973, he and the third wife were elected as the president and the third wife respectively. vice-president.
2. Reallocate land. This policy is a bit familiar, the rhythm of the red regime. However, the problem of land annexation in Argentina at that time was already very serious, and the landowners mainly from Europe controlled large tracts of pastures. Under the policy of going all the way to the left, the rich and the righteous cannot escape the blame. In fact, this also proves the Malthusian theory of the population trap. When the arable land is fixed and the population continues to grow to the limit, the contradiction between man and land will gradually transform into the contradiction between man and man, which also constitutes the opposition between the two classes. The British are smart. Although a large number of landless peasants appeared in the enclosure movement, they all went to the cities and were absorbed into the factories. While expanding production capacity, farmers who bid farewell to the land still have sufficient purchasing power to consume the production capacity they have created. This is also an important reason why Marx has always predicted that "the British workers' living standards will fall to an unbearable situation and finally rise up".
3. Protect national industries and raise tariffs. Now we can see that every time a WTO meeting is held in a poor country, people spontaneously organize demonstrations to boycott this open form of trade. Argentina is also thinking the same way. They protect their domestic market by raising tariffs substantially. Until the 1960s, Argentina's tariffs remained on average as high as 84%. But you didn't expect that other countries are not stupid. The best way to deal with this kind of trade protection is Gusu Murong's trick of "returning the same way". As a result, Argentina, the most open economy at the end of the 19th century, saw a sharp drop in exports. To 2% of the gross national income, you must know that Argentina's economic lifeline lies in the export of agricultural products and meat to other countries. It is estimated that the intestines were ruined later
. 4. That is, the currency was separated from the gold standard. ...just want to say how to be confident...Since the Bretton Woods system established the dollar as the new world currency, many countries have decoupled their currencies from gold (represented by the Nixon era America). Later, there have been many practices, including the US currency issuance based on oil reserves and the credit currency standard implemented by our Argentina. This new type of currency issuance is based on confidence in the country's economic development expectations. On the other hand, Argentina at that time was full of chaos. There was not even a stable regime. Coupled with the downturn in exports, the peso (Argentine currency) quickly depreciated. At the same time, in order to make up for the huge expenses brought about by the welfare policy, the government could only turn on the money printing machine, which eventually brought serious inflation and the national economy finally collapsed.
In this way, a land favored by God finally tossed itself into this and fell into the quagmire of the "middle income trap". Not just Argentina, but the whole of South America is repeating the same story, like the four-year heavy rain in "One Hundred Years of Solitude". I've never set foot on that land, but all my reading experiences, hearsay, have the following impression in my mind: Reality is full of magic, and magic is real.
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