in a state machine. Is the executor guilty? Is there anything wrong?
The executioner kills people, it's his job, and it's legally and morally clean. Therefore, by analogy, the only thing the executor has to do is to obey the order, and the right or wrong of this order has nothing to do with him. In the vast majority of cases, this is indeed the case. From another level, the state machine is indispensable for the development of human society, so it is also very reasonable that each person is only one of the parts and performs his own responsibilities.
However, in some special times, everyone will come to think again. The most obvious case of such consequences and advantages and disadvantages is nothing more than fascism. (Of course, there are a lot of things about TC, so I won't talk about it, so as not to have to check the water meter.) If there is only one Hitler, there can be no World War II. Everyone understands the truth. So, counting down, where does this line go? Who can the court try? Shot, imprisoned? Class A war criminals, Class B war criminals...And then what? What about the soldiers on the battlefield? What about citizens? As the defense lawyer in the film said, he is only loyal to the country. If it is a sin because he did not rebel against his country, then what about the appeasement of Britain? What about America? ........In "The Fall of the Empire" (should be, not exactly), when it comes to whether in the end Berlin should mobilize resistance, it is said that the people are innocent and should not be left to die. But one officer said that the people chose us, so our people are not innocent, they should also be responsible and should be sacrificed.
In short, if a person issues a wrong order, should all those who execute it execute it? Not executing it is wrong because you have no loyalty, and executing it is wrong because the order itself is wrong, and so on and so forth, Not only the executors are wrong, but all the bystanders who don't rise up are also wrong, because you don't stop the mistakes, you just let them spread. "Failure to stop sin" is also a sin.
According to this theory, everyone is wrong, but human beings will never admit that everyone is wrong and that everyone is guilty. Even in a Christian country, it is still impossible to admit that people have original sin. Even if it is confessed before God, it is impossible to confess it before man himself. Therefore, the situation that everyone is wrong will never happen in human society, or in other words, human beings themselves will never accept it. In any case, we must find the culprit, we must find the culprit, There must be someone responsible, so that everyone can be spared.
As the saying goes, those who do not know are innocent. Just like the servants in the film, trembling with incomparable grievances, we really don't know, we don't know anything, and it has nothing to do with us... For them, it is indeed This, I don't know, is a sin and a grievance for them. They don't know that this itself commits the crime of "not preventing crime", but because they don't know, they are exempted from the "crime of not preventing crime", but they have to bear the blame that has nothing to do with them, such as defeat in war The title of the country, such as the division of Berlin, such as a bad reputation... Therefore, they are innocent and even more aggrieved.
So it becomes, the individual is innocent, the collective is guilty, but what is the collective? Is it made up of individuals? Yes, but no, because rights and responsibilities are not equal. Very simple, a person who opposes Hitler, he will be killed immediately, he will not commit "uncontrolled sins", because he is already dead, so he can't "stop sins", with a simple sentence In other words, it is called unnecessary sacrifice, or the cost is too high and the price is too high, and you can't expect all the staff to "stop evil" in this way.
Therefore, in terms of the judgment standard, if it is divided according to "execute the order" or "I don't know", then all are innocent, and even Goering and Goebbels are not necessarily guilty (of course, they are absolutely guilty, because they are Participate actively, not carry out orders); if you divide it according to "does not stop evil", then all are guilty, from the little soldier who died in battle to the cook who cooks for the general. This can't be done. So it seems that a line must be drawn, between "sin" and "innocence", but this line is too difficult to draw. A simple analogy is like a color spectrum, which is gradual, from red to white, from white to red, and the middle part is where red is counted from and white is counted from? Of course, this is much more complicated than chromatography.
"The Reader" explores the sins of the lower, even the lowest executors.
"The Fall of the Empire" involves the upper class, but there are no workers with real power.
"Path of Glory" is a bloody indictment of "order" and "execution."
The Nuremberg Trials focuses on the legal field. Law has nothing to do with justice, justice, etc., law is about rules. Therefore, discussing law and justice in court is a very contradictory thing. To be honest, if it was a pure courtroom film, the German judge was acquitted, who made him have an awesome defense lawyer? You can't deny that, as far as this film is concerned, if it is purely the spear of the child, the shield of the attack, the spear of the law, and the shield of the attack, then the spear is too sharp and the shield will be broken. In fact, American judges still used the external force of justice and justice to defeat pure law. (But, of course, law and justice are not completely unrelated. If you are not a law student, you will not talk about it. It is not a pure external force, but it is indeed not only the shield of the law.) After my
mother often said WG, it seems that everything Like a dream, how much crime, how much blood, how much hatred, all in a flash, the perpetrator and the victim can laugh at the same dinner table again, everyone is exempted, pull out four people, everyone is hello to me All right. I know what my mother means, but. . . . . . . In this respect, it is indeed the case.
born human
From the perspective of each person, from the perspective of each era, from the perspective of each ethnic group, and from the perspective of an animal like a "human", many things can be forgiven, understood, and temporarily "only". so". Yes, because man is a kind of animal, so man has "humanity", or, in other words, "animality", because we are all just carriers of DNA. Therefore, we are greedy for life and fear death, so we try our best to live, so we compete with each other, so we kill each other, so we do not know what is right and what is wrong. . . . . .
However
,
since we want to be the ruler of the earth, there must always be something, which is beyond the animal part of "human", something higher than animality and the natural law of reproduction and reproduction.
If everyone is a thinking person, there must be a concept of right and wrong, instead of leaving it to anyone higher than you to decide what is right and wrong.
If everyone was a person with free will, you would have to be responsible for every action, not exempt from being an order. For you personally, it may be a last resort, or you may not know it, but the last resort and ignorance are still sins.
Therefore, from a higher level, it is indeed a sin to allow evil to happen, to not stop it in time, to watch or participate. In a simple word, it is called helping Zhou to abuse.
Compared with the latter, free will, it is even more difficult, the former, the ability to think. No, both are too difficult. Not to mention the ability, without comprehensive information collection, it is impossible to make a judgment. . . . . . And what is right and wrong in the end, is there any right and wrong that can go beyond one's own position? . . . . . . Well, I'm stuck in the quagmire of the impossible again. . . . . . And forget that it's not a matter of implementation at all.
The people in "Rashomon", whether true or not, they would rather take the responsibility for murder and make themselves "beautiful". It can be seen that there are still many things, whether you are a man or a woman, a thief, a woodcutter or a warrior, you all have a steel scale in your heart, which is similar to some general values and general morality.
1. There is right and wrong beyond the standard of "people".
2 Everyone can think and judge right and wrong.
3 Everyone can carry out this judgment.
If so, can human society be less of this utter absurdity, utter evil? Is it possible to play a similar drama from generation to generation, country after country, without stopping? I really convinced the Europeans, and the generation has gone through two major wars. I have also served our TC, and the chaos for more than a hundred years is not enough. There is still a WG, and it will be messed up from beginning to end. Humans really enjoy playing this kind of game. It's like a very good song, "As long as everyone gives a little love, the world will become a better world." For example, it is often said that as long as everyone donates a dollar, what can be done, as long as everyone saves one kilowatt of electricity , how can it be. . . . . . None of this is possible. However, from another perspective, we can obey everyone, obey orders, and be a part of the state machine. Why can't we do the other way around? Is it because the cost is too high or because we are too lazy?
This is not a question of so-called democracy, elections, constitutionalism, separation of powers or the like. In other words, not only is it higher, bigger, and more difficult, it is born as a human being, should there be a higher understanding, should everyone be worthy of being a human being? . . . . . . The problem. I can't see this possibility, the possibility of realization, but I can't stop thinking about it because it can't be realized. . . . . .
Always hang a sun on your head, but not because you want to climb the sun.
P.S. Marlene Dietrich is still so eye-catching. The front is too beautiful. From bringing the judge home and defending himself, the whole style has dropped several levels. As a Kochi, the first thing to do is not to distinguish , but reflection. Therefore, the German judge still has his advantages.
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