"Nostalgia" is a film made by Tarkovsky in Italy. The nostalgia here refers not only to the Russian composer who went to Italy to study in the film, but also to the Russian composer who came to Italy to find out the composer's life in Italy. The nostalgia of the Russian poet is also the nostalgia of Tarkovsky himself. Because of political oppression in the Soviet Union, his script was not approved and he was forced to work in Italy, and eventually died in a foreign land. In Italy, he is a foreigner, and in the motherland, he is incompatible with the values advocated by the society at that time. No matter where he is, he is actually a foreigner. This kind of nostalgia is really incomprehensible. Jinnia said that poetry is untranslatable and that people cannot understand each other unless borders are removed. Eliminating boundaries, in my opinion, means breaking the state of self-indulgence and isolation from each other, regaining faith in universal values, and returning to the spiritual homeland. Unless this kind of return is achieved, even if we are in our hometown, we will drift spiritually like a canopy of broken roots, with nostalgia that can never be resolved.
As for why there is such a state of spiritual wandering, I think it is because people, despite their pursuit of happiness and freedom, have a certain misunderstanding of what happiness is and what freedom is. Take Eugenia in the film as an example. Soon after the beginning, she visited the church. The believers in the church are visiting the Virgin Mary. In their belief, the Virgin Mary is suffering and merciful, and they hope to inherit the noble motherhood of Mary. , a love greater than boundless suffering. Eugenia refused to kneel for fear of soiling her dress. Before leaving, the church clergy said to her: "I know you want happiness, but there are more important things." Eugenie The happiness that Ya pursues is to be loved, which is understandable, but first of all, to give love, to give love from the heart that does not aim to get in return - and Eugenia's giving is only a kind of love from the poet When the poet wanted to open his heart to her and share with her the joy of getting to know Dominic, she was annoyed by the poet's delay in responding to her thoughts, she said that she was going to find a man who loved her, and she The sarcastic poet is a saint who loves only the Virgin, as if in her eyes all her pursuits that she cannot understand are pretentious. She said that poets are not free - being free is not the same as doing whatever you want, it is just a slave to instinct, and freedom lies precisely in the adherence to one's own principles.
"1+1=1" hangs in Dominica's house. In my opinion, there are two directions of interpretation. The first is the unification of the opposite sides at the level of meaning, that is, the unification of dualism into monism. Taking the duality of good and evil as an example, a person is good, does not mean that evil does not exist in his mind, does not mean that he does not have the possibility of evil, just because he has the possibility of evil he is. Good, he does not shy away from his own evil, and he does not shy away from staring into the abyss. He admits that he has darkness and cowardice, but he will not succumb to such darkness and cowardice, but constantly judges what is good and chooses good. The world created by a perfect God is imperfect, full of endless ugliness and suffering, but it is the best possible world. It is true that we can imagine a better world, but as Leibniz pointed out in The Theocracy, the "best" world created by God does not mean the least evil, but the good get the most out of it. If there is no possibility of evil, it also means no freedom, and good is not good enough if it does not come from free choice, since good presupposes the choice of free will, and freedom also implies the possibility of evil, So for the sake of good, evil is bound to exist, and it will never be eliminated. The world is a combination of many opposites, both sublime and ugly, ugly does have its role, such as maintaining the meaning of difference, freedom and human activity, but if we do not attack it, fight it, do not try to change it, such ugliness is worthless, because there is no sublime to compare it with. The existence of ugliness is indeed necessary, and it can even be said that the ugliness and the sublime together achieve goodness in meaning, but this cannot be a reason for us to condone it. But I am more inclined to the second explanation, that is, 1+1=1 is just an example, no matter how many ones are added together, it equals one. There is always an essential commonality between us, a common conscience.
——I don’t believe that anyone is inherently mean, without any potential for good, the so-called evil is just the result of a blinded conscience, from the pursuit of happiness in the wrong way without realizing true happiness Compassion is inseparable. And this essential commonality is the foundation of solidarity between people. People can realize this essential commonality, so as to unite under the brilliance of faith, face up to and bear the suffering that is indispensable to joy , and feel the solemn and joyful vitality under suffering, to love each other, and to assume broad responsibilities - this is also the ideal of "Ode to Joy" that appears repeatedly in the film. But it seems that even if this ideal is never realized, people can live well in their respective lives - so many people have an indifferent attitude towards this ideal, thinking that people only need to be responsible for themselves - — but it is this seemingly innocuous indifference that condones evil, or even causes it. For example, in the massacre of the Jews during World War II, when trying many executioners who have done quite brutal things, they will find that they look just like ordinary people, and they even care about their families, but they can be so cruel to other people's families. , they said that they were just completing the assigned tasks, not intending to kill the Jews, but how many ruthless people are there? Most people are just indifferent, just too lazy to resist and become accomplices. They feel that they are just doing their job, that their job is only a part of the massacre and not directly causing the massacre, so there is no need to take moral responsibility for the massacre - but in fact the cause of a cancer is the whole body, and no one should not Take responsibility for this. To take moral responsibility for crimes that seem to be not directly related to oneself, and to be responsible for everyone, this seems to be a demanding, but in fact it is necessary, otherwise the so-called stable social environment is actually in danger, even if it can be maintained. This kind of stability is nothing but a backwater of indifference to each other. A man's hometown is his own conscience, just as Mencius said: "Benevolence is a man's safe house; righteousness is a man's right way. A man's house is in the open, but he lives in a secluded place. Abandoning the right way can't help. Sad!" This kind of mourning is probably the The source of nostalgia. But as long as you can still feel nostalgia and longing for your spiritual hometown, you are already on the way back to your hometown.
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