Venus Venus : The runaway greenhouse effect makes it hell. Mars : About the size of Earth's landmass; there is a rocky asteroid belt orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter. Jupiter Jupiter : It has four large satellites + dozens of small satellites, like a small solar system; the mass is larger than the other planets in the solar system combined; the Great Red Spot is a hurricane three times the size of the Earth (hundreds of years). Saturn : Surrounded by countless rings and slowly rolling snowballs, each a small moon
The outermost planets of the solar system: Uranus Uranus, Neptune Neptune (after the invention of the telescope, I saw that there are tens of thousands of icy places outside the outer planets (eg Pluto Pluto)
the Oort Cloud : The remnants of the formation of the solar system some 5 billion years ago (trillions of frozen comets (each of these small objects and their nearest neighbors are the distance from Earth to Saturn) A nebula of comets surrounds the solar system Rogue planet : a starless planet (there are billions of them in our galaxy wandering through the night; a hot center, a frozen exterior, and perhaps an abundance of liquid water) Spiral Andromeda Galaxy the Great Spiral in Andromeda : Right next to the Milky Way, these two giant galaxies and a few other smaller galaxies are called the Local Group.
Cosmic address : First row: Earth Second row: Solar System Solar System Third row: Milky Way Galaxy Fourth row: Local Group Local Group Fifth row: Virgo supercluster (with thousands of galaxies sixth row : Observable universe (the largest known universe, a network of hundreds of billions of galaxies)
The 13.8 billion-year history of the universe is compressed into one year (about 1 billion years per month, equivalent to 40 million years per day) 1.1: The Big Bang ( the universe evolved from a singularity smaller than an atom , in a cosmic fire In , space appeared, the universe began to expand, from which all energy and all matter we know so far came from).
Observational evidence supporting the Big Bang: 1. The observed abundance of helium in the universe is very close to the theoretical abundance; 2. The microwave background radiation left over from the Big Bang;
As the universe continues to expand, the universe begins to cool, beginning a dark period of about 200 million years
1.10: Gas clumps gravitate together, temperature rises, and the oldest stars are born 1.19: These stars gather to form the first small galaxies 3.15: Small galaxies continue to gather to form larger galaxies (including the Milky Way, Formed about 11 billion years ago 8.31: the birth of the sun (about 4.5 billion years ago
A disk of gas and dust orbited the nascent sun, and planets were born in the disk. The constant impact made the planetary embryo grow bigger and bigger. In the first billion years, Earth was hit by a violent impact, and the orbiting debris collided and combined, snowballing to form the Moon. (The moon was 100 times brighter than it is now, and it was only one-tenth as far away as it is now.) As the Earth continued to cool, oceans began to form, and tides were thousands of times higher. For thousands of years, the frictional force created by Earth's tides pushes the moon farther and farther away
9.21: Birth of life on Earth. (3.5 billion years ago
11.9: Life begins to breathe, move, eat, and respond to its environment. 12.7: Marine life really begins to flourish, and a large variety of large plants and animals erupts Last week of December: Forests, dinosaurs, birds, insect evolution 12.28: The first flowers bloom
12.30am 6.24: Planet hits Earth (about 65 million years ago 12.30 Last hour: Humans began to evolve 12.30 Midnight 11:59:46: Human written history only takes up the last 14 seconds (6000 years ago, writing was invented)
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