//The perspective of an atypical Korean film critic
With the recent outbreak of 2019-nCoV, many people's attention has fallen on this South Korean disaster film seven years ago. "Influenza", South Korea's first film with the theme of infectious diseases, won more than 3 million viewers and also shocked the audience in many ways - in the face of disasters, the fragility of modern society, human selfishness, politicians The cowardice and shamelessness of the film, and the conflict of ideas between "nothing less" and "necessary sacrifice", all make people ponder after the end of the film. The most heart-warming part of the film is when the American commander ordered the destruction of Bundang with fighter bombers at the end of the film - the South Korean Prime Minister was helpless in the face of the American pressure, and solemnly echoed: "As long as we can protect us country, we can accept a certain level of sacrifice."
As an aside, Kim Ki-hyun, who played the prime minister of South Korea, played the prime minister of North Korea in "Steel Rain" four years later. I'm afraid that I didn't see through the darkness of the high-level Han and the United States, and turned away from the south in anger... Among the characters played by Kim Ki-hyun, the most familiar to readers is probably Zhang Taiwan, the commander of the capital garrison in the TV series "The Fifth Republic". .
At this time, the president who broke into the headquarters (the president played by Che Inpyo is too young, and his impression of him is still the iron hand in "Four Famous Arresters"), directly 1v1 angrily against the Americans: "The capital The Defense Command is under the jurisdiction of the President at all times, right?" "Director of the Department of Defense, this is the President. Please prepare surface-to-air missiles. If a fighter jet appears over the basin, please launch it immediately."
This sounded heart-warming, and it was all over the place, but what reflected behind it was an embarrassing situation in South Korea-once the peninsula entered a wartime, the president who normally commands the South Korean army in accordance with Article 74 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea can really mobilize The strength is no more than a capital defense command. This situation is closely related to the issue of "wartime command" that has been entangled between South Korea and the United States for decades. On June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out. In less than 10 days, the North Korean army has controlled 90% of the territory of the peninsula. In the case of the US military landing in Busan to help defend Busan, South Korea and the United States signed the "Daejeon Agreement" on July 18, transferring the command of the South Korean army to the United States. The Korean War ended in 1953, and the Volunteer Army withdrew from the peninsula, while the U.S. military stationed for a long time in the name of the "United Nations Army" through the "U.S.-South Korea Cooperation Defense Treaty", and the command of the Korean Army was in the hands of the "United Nations Army" Command. Because of this, when Park Chung-hee and others staged a coup on May 16, 1961, the U.S. military once proposed to intervene, but it was rejected by the then South Korean President Yin Lushan, and Park Chung-hee took power smoothly. Regarding the existence of the "United Nations Army", the United Nations is also quite critical - its official website states that the operations of this force are not under the jurisdiction of the United Nations, and no report has been submitted afterwards. In 1975, the United Nations General Assembly passed non-binding Resolution 3390, calling on the North and South to sign a peace agreement to end the presence of military forces stationed on the peninsula in the name of the United Nations. At the same time, the United States was on the defensive in the Cold War. While reducing the size of the U.S. military, South Korea also required more efforts to maintain the U.S. military presence on the peninsula. So on November 7, 1978 (the 61st anniversary of the October Revolution), the Korea-US Joint Command was formally established, with the commander of the US military stationed in Korea as the commander and a four-star general of the Korean Army as the deputy commander. The deputy commander of the Korea-US Joint Command has also become one of the Korean version of the "eight military officers" (eight four-star generals, including the Speaker of the Joint Staff Headquarters, the commanders of the three field armies of the Army, and the chiefs of staff of the three services) , belongs to the high-ranking generals with high positions and low powers. In the 1980s, the United States "sold kidneys to help South Korea" to the military government - especially to 5. The indifference of the 18th Incident and the "political truce" that pressured the democratization movement in 1987 brought anti-American sentiment to a high point after democratization. With the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and the East, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Soviet Union and the establishment of diplomatic relations with South Korea, and the beginning of North Korea's "suffering march", North Korea, which is governed by the second-generation leader, urgently needs to ease relations with South Korea, and the relationship between North Korea and South Korea has entered an unprecedented honeymoon period. In this context, in 1987, Roh Tae-woo proposed to take back the command of the Korean army without much obstruction from the United States. In 1994, South Korea regained peacetime command of the military. Time flies, and in the blink of an eye, the 21st century has arrived. The rapid development of South Korea's economic and cultural influence has made South Korea's nationalist sentiment begin to rise - the Dokdo issue and the historical ownership of Goguryeo have erupted one after another. For a country with the second largest military expenditure per capita in Asia, the fourth largest military in Asia, and an annual increase in military expenditure of 7.5% (three times the GDP growth rate), the ability to command its own armed forces is not as good as that of Japan, which does not even have an army next door. National sentiment can be said to be degrading to the country. Being pointed at the nose by the Korean Central News Agency every day and scolding "puppet traitor" and "imperialist lackey", etc., also because it is really righteous and wrong, and can't retaliate (South Korea also has the name "North Puppet", but who is more "Puppet" is self-explanatory). On June 13, 2002, two South Korean female students were crushed to death by a U.S. armored vehicle, which further detonated anti-American sentiment among South Koreans. The "candlelight rally" should be to oust Park Geun-hye in 2017). However, the U.S. military stationed in South Korea used the pretext that the U.S. military was "performing official duties", and South Korea had no right to try, and the two were acquitted by a military court. In the general election in December of that year, Roh Moo-hyun, a progressive candidate who advocates "independent national defense", pluralistic diplomacy, and the promotion of "peace and prosperity" on the peninsula, was elected president. In September 2005, the Roh Moo-hyun government proposed to take back the Wartime Operational Command (OPCON). In addition to requiring the Korean army to establish an independent command system, the withdrawal of OPCON also requires various inputs to ensure independent combat capabilities (the Korean army has been used as a "foil" for a long time, and the early warning, intelligence reconnaissance, and strategic strike capabilities are seriously insufficient), Therefore, when Rumsfeld proposed to hand over OPCON in 2009, Roh Moo-hyun, the most left-wing president in South Korea, also chose to refuse. After several negotiations, the handover time was set on April 17, 2012. Roh Moo-hyun, who committed suicide in 2009, obviously did not see this scene - he also did not expect that the relationship between the North and South Korea behind him would plummet like a waterfall. A country with 5% (three times the GDP growth rate) is not as capable of commanding its own armed forces as Japan, which does not even have an army next door. It is no longer detrimental to national sentiment, but it can be said to be degrading to the country. Being pointed at the nose by the Korean Central News Agency every day and scolding "puppet traitor" and "imperialist lackey", etc., also because it is really righteous and wrong, and can't retaliate (South Korea also has the name "North Puppet", but who is more "Puppet" is self-explanatory). On June 13, 2002, two South Korean female students were crushed to death by a U.S. armored vehicle, which further detonated anti-American sentiment among South Koreans. The "candlelight rally" should be to oust Park Geun-hye in 2017). However, the U.S. military stationed in South Korea used the pretext that the U.S. military was "performing official duties", and South Korea had no right to try, and the two were acquitted by a military court. In the general election in December of that year, Roh Moo-hyun, a progressive candidate who advocates "independent national defense", pluralistic diplomacy, and the promotion of "peace and prosperity" on the peninsula, was elected president. In September 2005, the Roh Moo-hyun government proposed to take back the Wartime Operational Command (OPCON). In addition to requiring the Korean army to establish an independent command system, the withdrawal of OPCON also requires various inputs to ensure independent combat capabilities (the Korean army has been used as a "foil" for a long time, and the early warning, intelligence reconnaissance, and strategic strike capabilities are seriously insufficient), Therefore, when Rumsfeld proposed to hand over OPCON in 2009, Roh Moo-hyun, the most left-wing president in South Korea, also chose to refuse. After several negotiations, the handover time was set on April 17, 2012. Roh Moo-hyun, who committed suicide in 2009, obviously did not see this scene - he also did not expect that the relationship between the North and South Korea behind him would plummet like a waterfall.
After Lee Myung-bak came to power, he opposed the "sunshine policy" of Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun, and turned to North Korea's denuclearization as a precondition for further improvement of relations between the two sides (the so-called "non-nuclear, open, 3000" principle, that is, North Korea abandons nuclear weapons and opens up to the outside world, South Korea Provide assistance to the DPRK to US$3,000 per capita gdp within 10 years), which has been strongly rebounded by the DPRK - continuous nuclear tests, withdrawal from the "Korean Armistice Agreement", the sinking of the Cheonan (the South Korean investigation believes that North Korea sank the Cheonan), the Yeonping Island artillery A series of events, such as the war, brought the North-South relationship to a freezing point. Against this background, both Lee Myung-bak and his successor Park Geun-hye have repeatedly announced the postponement of the transfer of OPCON, and Park Geun-hye even postponed it "actually indefinitely". In addition, in the armed conflict between the North and the South, the South Korean side exposed a series of deficiencies from top to bottom - taking the Yeonpyeong Island artillery battle as an example, when a South Korean congressman inspected the Yeonpyeong Island battlefield, he actually used an abandoned thermos as a cannonball. The first comment is enough; 2 of the 6 K9 self-propelled artillery on the South Korean side suddenly failed, and the anti-artillery radar that can be used to detect the North Korean artillery positions also "strike" on the battlefield, resulting in the inability of the South Korean army to suppress the North Korean artillery; Most of the retaliatory shelling by the army also damaged the sea and farmland, leaving North Korean military camps and rocket artillery positions intact—a result that even led the ruling party to express its dissatisfaction with the military in the form of refusing to attend Congress. In view of this, the "confidence" of the South Korean government and military in taking back OPCON has also been greatly reduced. Of course, looking at the political factions of the first three presidents and their attitudes towards OPCON, it is not difficult to see that OPCON is not only a military issue, but has become one of the issues of political disputes between progressives and conservatives in South Korea. The OPCON issue is often accompanied by attacks on the progressives "from the north" and accusations of "big things" on the conservatives. In the 2017 general election, Moon Jae-in "recreated mountains and rivers", realizing another political rotation between progressive and conservative in South Korean history. In 2018, South Korea once again proposed to restart the OPCON handover negotiation, which is currently under negotiation. If all goes well, South Korea will take back OPCON in 2023 and become a "normal country" in the true sense. The United States is actually happy to see the transfer of OPCON: on the one hand, the process of enriching the military force of the South Korean military can reduce the burden on the United States, increase arms revenue while deepening the relationship between the two militaries (after all, South Korea is one of the few U.S. allies that has deep military contacts with Russia. One of the countries, such as rocket technology and main battle tank trade); on the other hand, the South Korean army undertakes the main task of the defense of the peninsula, so that the future US military stationed in South Korea will not be dragged down by the situation on the peninsula, and more maintain the surrounding hot spots and incidents. "Military presence" (such as in response to the military deployment). As for the U.S.’s unusual three pushes and four obstacles recently, it should be linked to the U.S. request to raise the South Korean military to pay for the defense costs of the U.S. military stationed in South Korea—after all, in the eyes of this businessman-turned-president, making money is not shabby. You South Korea can spend six billion (RMB) every year to buy the security guarantee of the unlimited liability of the US military. How can there be such a "good thing" in the world? (For a big country, it is not a "good thing" to have foreign troops stationed on its territory, but for South Korea, the fourth largest country in Northeast Asia, it is indeed a good thing without quotation marks) "The Koreans take the Korean road to protect our country" , From the 3.1 movement to the June protests, it took South Korea nearly a century to realize the first half of this lyric; and the second half of this lyric, I do not know when it will be realized.
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