Regarding the philosophical issues involved in "Darkness", I turned around and only saw mentions of Nietzsche's eternal reincarnation and the theory about time. There is a super obvious Schopenhauer that no one mentioned!
Schopenhauer's discussion of the will to life actually runs through the entire play in the form of a plot narrative, and the seventh episode of the second season even directly pointed out that Adam was used to tell the audience in the form of lines.
According to Schopenhauer, the will to life as the world's origin is the origin of suffering. Desire arising from the will to life is a painful process. Desires arise because of insufficiency and want, because of dissatisfaction with the status quo, and this dissatisfaction is endless. Every satisfaction and end of desire must be the starting point of a new desire, which leads to an endless cycle of desire. The infinite desire makes the pain infinite. Even if the fulfillment of a desire brings satisfaction, it is temporary. Even if the desire is completely satisfied, it brings loneliness, emptiness and death, and it is also a painful process. At the same time, the more perfect the phenomenon of will, the more obvious the pain. Just as plants have no pain, lower animals have weak pain. Therefore, as a higher animal, the degree of suffering is also deeper. Genius is more painful. "So any life is completely lost between desire and desire." Therefore, life is like a pendulum clock that keeps oscillating back and forth between desires, pain and boredom. In this sense, life is painful and pessimistic. But what pervades the real human social life is the affirmation of the will to life, the constant desire and pursuit of desire. When people hold this ideal and purpose and strive to realize it, they find that what they get is greater pain. It embodies a stronger will to life. At the same time, the development of desire is a continuous upward process, so the pain caused by the will to life must also continue to deepen. Desires are hard to fill, making people miserable and boring.
The argument that this pessimistic desire drives individual choice rather than free will becomes a dark thread under the bright line of time throughout the play. Just like Jonas who diss in the short comment with high likes is a love brain, the actions of all the characters in the play are driven by this emotional desire, which triggers the next node event in the space-time ring. Thus, the time cycle of 1953-1986-2019 Winden has become the eternal reincarnation in Nietzsche's mouth.
The philosophy that Nietzsche first came into contact with was Schopenhauer's "The World as Will and Representation". In his view of the will to life, Nietzsche agreed with Schopenhauer's statement that people are driven by desire, but he strongly disagreed with Uncle Schopenhauer. Ben Hua believes that abstinence is the way to liberate from the will of life.
Nietzsche believes that to be freed from this endless desire for life, weak human beings cannot do it, and a "superman" is needed.
The image of "superman" referred to by Nietzsche can be roughly summarized as: superman is a person who surpasses himself and the weak, he can fully express himself and dominate the mediocre; superman is the criterion of truth and morality, and the creator of norms and values; Superman is free, selfish, self-sufficient; Superman is facing the greatest pain and greatest hope of mankind; Superman is raised in unfavorable environment, hatred, jealousy, stubbornness, doubt, harshness, greed and violence can only Make Superman stronger. Therefore, we can conclude that the superman that Nietzsche referred to is not a humble, trivial and powerless person, but a full, rich, great and complete person. However, Nietzsche did not regard Superman as absolute. What he said about Superman and the "last man" opposite to Superman "is a relative concept". Superman can surpass himself and others.
Personally, I feel that there are still a lot of philosophical discussions in this drama that I haven't seen yet (after all, it's not a philosophy major, I hope there are philosophical bigwigs who can give me some advice.
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