In 330 AD, the Roman Emperor Constantine I decided to establish a new capital in the eastern part of the empire in order to strengthen the empire's control over the eastern region, and finally chose Byzantium at that time as the new capital address.
Byzantium lies on the western shore of the Bosphorus, the narrow strait that separates southeastern Europe from Asia. The city itself is situated on a small hill, with the Sea of Marmara to the south, the Golden Horn to the north, the entrance to the Hellespont (Bosphorus) to the east, and the Thracian plain to the west. Byzantium is not only the only way to Asia, but also the only way from the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, with significant commercial and military strategic value. The new capital was announced on May 18, 332.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Constantinople became the only Roman Empire and became the largest city in the world at that time. The wealth from the Mediterranean and West Asia continued to flow into Constantinople.
The rise of the Persian Empire threatened the security of Constantinople. From 565 to 717, Constantinople was besieged several times, and the city walls built continuously since 413 firmly protected Constantine Fort.
The fourth crusade that followed became the first catastrophe of Constantinople. At the request of Alexei IV, the crusaders intervened in the dispute over the succession of the emperor and broke through the battle of Constantinople. Haiphong. In the case of unsuccessful looting, the crusaders invaded Constantinople, the whole city was sacked for three days, and the Byzantine royal family went into exile.
After Michael VIII recaptured Constantinople, the empire lost most of its territory, lost its economic resources, and was in a difficult situation. In 1453, the Ottoman Sultan Mohammed II began to besiege the city. Constantine XI was defeated and killed, and the capital was sacked again. Since then, the Roman Empire has been completely destroyed.
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