First of all, this is a good movie, and as a Xinjiang person, I especially think it is good.
The plot will not be repeated any more. It is that two men of different nationalities and different beliefs quarreled over a trivial matter, which eventually turned into a civil strife in the country. The style is completely Hollywood, the plot is neat, the actors' performances, and the soundtrack are excellent, but there is a little ingenuity, such as the part where the father-daughter relationship is exposed.
There is a lot of Middle Eastern history involved in the film, but we usually only know about the Beirut refugee camp incident. Let’s take a look at the main events that caused the contradiction in this film:
In the 11th century BC, the Jews established the United Kingdom of Israel in Palestine, which was later divided into the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah. After experiencing the rule of ancient countries such as Assyria, Babylon, Persia, Macedonia, and Rome, the Jews gradually declined in this area, especially after the failure of the Jewish uprising in AD 135, they were expelled from Jerusalem and Palestine by the Romans, and since then they have become an independent country. nation of roots.
In 1896, Jewish journalist Theodore Herzl launched the Zionist Movement (also known as the "Zionist Movement"), calling on Jews all over the world to return to their homeland and restore their own way of life. Jews who had been in exile for thousands of years kept returning to Palestine, especially after Hitler came to power. By the end of World War II, there were 600,000 Jewish residents in Palestine.
The local Arabs saw the Jews as foreign invaders, and the Jews considered this their homeland, and clashes were frequent. In 1947, with peace efforts thwarted by escalating violence between Jews and Arabs, the British government decided to withdraw from the Mandate of Palestine, throwing the puzzle over to the young United Nations.
In November 1947, the United Nations passed a resolution: divide the Palestinian area into two countries, Jews and Arabs own about 55% and 45% of the territory (the Arab state and the Jewish state), and the Holy Land of the three religions, Jerusalem, is placed under the management of the United Nations. in order to avoid conflict.
The Jews accepted the proposal, but the Arabs flatly rejected it. A three-day violent attack on Jewish civilians in Israel - yes, civilians - ordered by the top of the Arab League Council - returned fire from underground Jewish militias that soon spilled into large-scale clashes that sparked Israel in 1948. War of Independence.
At 0:00 on May 14, 1948, the British mandate ended and the State of Israel was officially announced. Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon declared war on Israel on that day, and the first Middle East war broke out. As a result, Israel's militias successfully blocked foreign troops - showing the strength of this suffering nation. In June, the United Nations announced a one-month ceasefire. During this period, the Israel Defense Forces were formally established, making it even more difficult for the Arab League to stifle Israel.
After months of fighting, the two sides reached a ceasefire in 1949 and drew a temporary border known as the "Green Line". Israel acquired an additional 23.5 percent of the West Bank, and Jordan occupied a mountainous area of southern Israel and Samaria, later known as the West Bank. Egypt occupied a small piece of land along the coast, later known as the Gaza Strip. The Ballesta region was divided among the three countries, and the biggest winner was Israel. Palestinians who did not accept the UN state-building program became refugees without a state. Why didn't they accept the plan at the time? Wouldn't there be a lot less blood in the Middle East if they had accepted the plan at the time? These are unknown, but history has no ifs.
A Jewish state that survived in the Middle East has also become a thorn in the side of neighboring countries.
In 1956, the Second Middle East War broke out. In order to continue to control the Suez Canal, Britain and France wooed Israel to attack and defeated Egypt. However, the United States and the Soviet Union intervened in this matter, and the Soviet Union announced that if Britain and France did not stop fire, the Soviet Union would carry out a nuclear attack on it. In order to squeeze the British and French forces out of the canal zone, the United States ordered the global military to enter a state of alert. The Anglo-French military adventure ended in failure, but Israel was the only winner again, gaining the rights to both surface and air navigation in the Strait of Tiran. This war also marked the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union as the real power to dominate the Middle East and the world.
In 1964, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon planned two things, one was to establish the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and the other was to change the flow of the upper Jordan River so that it would not be used by Israel. The Israeli Air Force decisively bombed the water project, causing the project to go bankrupt. However, the Palestine Liberation Organization, based on the above-mentioned three countries, has continuously carried out terrorist attacks against Israel. Israel filed a complaint to the United Nations, but to no avail, and retaliated. The conflict escalated again and again, under the manipulation of the two behind-the-scenes bosses of the United States and the Soviet Union, and finally triggered the third Middle East war.
At 7:45 a.m. on June 5, 1967, Israel dispatched all its air forces to carry out lightning strikes on all airports in Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq. Half an hour later, the Israeli ground forces launched an attack, and the Arab countries had no chance of fighting back. Six days later, the Arab countries were completely defeated, and Israel occupied the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, the Old City of Jerusalem, the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt, and the Golan Heights in Syria at a very small price. A total of 65,000 square kilometers of Arab land, more Arabs became refugees.
The United Nations asked Israel to withdraw from the occupied territories, but Israel wanted to build a larger and more complete Jewish state and completely deprive the Palestinians of their living space. With the support of the Americans, he only made a verbal statement and did not return the occupied territories. So on October 6, 1973, Egypt and Syria attacked the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights, which were occupied by Israel six years ago, respectively, and the fourth Middle East war broke out.
At the beginning of the war, the Arab army had the upper hand, but the Egyptians did not pursue the victory, giving Israel a chance to breathe. With the help of the United States, Israel successfully reversed the war situation, defeated the Arab countries again, and made them realize that it is impossible to defeat Israel by military means with their strength, so they began to turn to peace talks. At the same time, Israel, which has paid a heavy price, also realizes that it is self-defeating for the sake of its territory - sooner or later. In November 1977, Egyptian President Sadat went to Israel for a visit—presumably, like Kissinger’s visit to China, the two sides tried many times—recognized the existence of Israel, the two countries signed a peace treaty, Israel withdrew its troops from the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt Land that the war didn't take back was acquired through a single visit.
The Middle East seems to be on the verge of peace, but one group has risen like a mushroom cloud: the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
As mentioned earlier, PLO was planned and established by Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon. Its purpose is to lead the Palestinian people to build a nation-state. However, this organizational structure is complex and consists of multiple guerrillas. The famous Fatah is only one of them. Political Concepts are also different, so they often go their separate ways, disobeying Arafat's leadership. After the Fourth Middle East War, Arafat gave up his attempt to completely defeat Israel and hoped to solve the issue of state building through political and foreign means. However, the opposition of PLO still insisted on destroying Israel and advocated the establishment of an independent Palestine throughout Palestine. Country - If you look at the results of previous wars, you know that this idea is nothing short of madman's ravings.
These opposition groups kept making terrorist incidents: hijacking planes, throwing meat bombs, killing Israeli Olympic team members, etc. Maybe they thought they were waging a great national independence struggle, but in fact it seriously affected the peace process, and the PLO's international influence was getting worse. The result of this was a fallout with Jordan, who had previously supported them, and in July 1971 Jordan expelled the PLO from its borders. A large number of PLO members moved to Lebanon for their activities, and Lebanon - the homeland of the film's director Zed Dorry - has since entered an eventful period.
I wrote so much today, to watch the game. Write another day.
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Lebanon became independent in 1943 and has a population of about 1.3 million. The ratio of Christianity and Islam is 6:5, and each denomination distributes the leadership of the country on this basis. In the following decades, under the governance of Christian Maronites and Muslim moderates, Lebanon has become the most stable country in the Middle East, and its people’s living standards are comparable to those of oil countries. , education and cultural center, known as "Paris of the Near East".
However, after the PLO camped in Lebanon (they also have a broad mass base, 400,000 Palestinian refugees poured into Lebanon due to previous Middle East wars), the conflict between Christianity and Islam in Lebanon has intensified. On April 13, 1975, Palestinian guerrillas attacked a Christian church, killing four members of the Falange (the political organization of the Maronites, the party of the televised speech in this film) and several civilians. The Falangists retaliated by ambushing a bus carrying 26 Palestinians (including guerrillas) on the same day, killing all the passengers, thus ushering in the prelude to Lebanon's 15-year civil war. It can be seen that it is unwise to take in a large number of refugees from other countries just because of the same beliefs or international humanitarianism, regardless of the situation of the country, and it is also irresponsible to the people of the country.
The civil war not only destroyed Lebanon's economy, but also killed 150,000 civilians. The power struggle at the top has turned into a complete national vendetta at the bottom. What can be found on the Internet are: In January 1976, the Lebanese Christian militias carried out massacres of Kurds, Syrians and Palestinians in Karandina, a predominantly Muslim slum. In retaliation, the PLO carried out a massacre against the Christian Maronites in the Damu district - in the segment of the court replay in this film, in August 1976, the Falangists targeted refugees under the management of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Refugees in the camp carried out massacres.
The most famous is the 1982 Beirut refugee camp massacre. Because the Israeli ambassador to the UK was assassinated by the PLO, on June 6, 1982, the Israeli army of 100,000 invaded Lebanon - the fifth Middle East war - and the PLO and the Syrian army fought fiercely. As a result, Israel won again and the PLO was expelled - Without the intervention of the United Nations, it is likely to be wiped out. On August 23, the pro-Israel Bashir Gemayel was elected president of Lebanon, but he was assassinated by a Muslim group on September 14. In retaliation, on September 16, Christian militia groups supported by Israel , entered the Shatila refugee camp and began three days of rape and killing, in which 800-3500 Muslims died. Israel was slaughtered by Hitler 40 years ago, but now they are slaughtering Palestinians. It can be seen that the ugliness of human nature does not discriminate between races and nationalities.
Israel was condemned internationally, and Defense Minister Sharon had to resign. A multinational force headed by the United States entered Lebanon and reached an agreement after negotiation. Israel agreed to withdraw its troops and demanded that the Syrian and Palestinian armed forces also withdraw from Lebanon, but these people would rather continue the war than withdraw. The agreement became a waste of paper, and the armed conflict between the two sides escalated again.
Syria played a disgraceful role in the Lebanese civil war. After the outbreak of the civil war, the Lebanese government forces had the upper hand, but Syria acquiesced in allowing the PLO's 8,000-strong armed forces to enter Lebanon from Syria to support the opposition, the rebels in this film. The government army was retreating steadily. In May 1976, Lebanese President Suleiman Frangia "requested" Syria for help. Syria happily dispatched 35,000 "Arab Deterrence Forces" into Lebanon, turning Lebanon into its own colony. It can be seen that most of the foreign forces are vicious. It is false to save the people of other countries in water and fire, and it is true to take advantage of the fire. Small countries should not talk about common beliefs and keep neutrality above all else.
In 1985, Israel partially retreated, PLO returned to Syria-controlled Lebanon, and the partisan Lebanon continued its civil war.
In 1990, the Soviet Union basically disintegrated, the United States was busy resolving the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Syria took the opportunity to support the Muslim army to attack Beirut, the Christian army was defeated, and the large-scale civil war ended, but the turmoil remained. Israel and Syria occupy the northern and southern territories of Lebanon, respectively, and Hamas, Hezbollah, Fatah, and Christian and Islamic militias have continued to stir up trouble until the last decade.
Because they don't know the current situation in Lebanon, they dare not make rash assertions about the national issues in Lebanon. But judging from this film, the confrontation between the two religions is still quite serious. For example, if such extreme remarks can be made in public speeches, if they happen in our country, they will definitely enter a study class. The living conditions of the Palestinian refugees are also worrying, and Carmel Basha is as distressed when she learns that she has lost her job as hearing "I hope Sharon will kill you all."
Some people may say, Palestine has established a state, why not go back, just like the Jews returned to Israel? However, this country currently controls 3,000 square kilometers of land, but there are 12 million people. For comparison: Ruoqiang County has 202,300 square kilometers and 62,000 people. How to survive back? is a big problem. Many refugees seem to have to spend their entire lives in foreign countries.
In this film, two male protagonists of different religious beliefs represent two extreme religious beliefs. The refugee does not seem to be obvious, but the old man in the wheelchair can prove that his heart is still violent, but now he is dependent on others and has to convergence. Both have well-documented errors, one for hurting and the other for insulting. The court's final acquittal verdict was unfair, but after the two sides walked out of the courtroom, when they looked at each other from a distance across the crowd, the smiles on the corners of their mouths seemed to resolve the dispute involving ethnic and religious beliefs.
It can be seen that the director wants to tell everyone that the law cannot solve the ethnic problem, only mutual understanding and tolerance are the right way.
Humans are irrational animals, and they don't always choose the best solution. Sometimes I know that forgiving you is the only way out, but you killed someone I love, so I will definitely fight you to the death. Can the law stop this revenge? If it is an individual, it may be possible, one life worth one life. But as mentioned above, there have been so many ethnic vendettas and hundreds of thousands of innocent deaths. Can the law return justice to everyone? Obviously not, not to mention that the government is no longer capable of upholding the law, even if all the murderers are caught, the trial may continue until the end of the world.
If the two male protagonists are convicted of insulting and hurting respectively according to the law, judging from the cultivation of the two male protagonists, they will accept it, but can those outside the court who throw stones and shout slogans accept it?
The ethnic issue can be said to be the most difficult problem to solve in human history. The most tragic and shameful chapters in human history are basically related to this. Those who lack intuitive feelings can go to 2016 "Warren". Those who are constantly shouting for war and extermination are the most foolish, because this kind of narrow national concept is the easiest to take advantage of, and once the slaughter machine is activated, it will only devour everyone in retribution. It's a pity that there seem to be a lot of such people in the country. If you look at the major forums, you will know that some people are ready to use knives for Messi and Ronaldo.
In the past few years, when there were cases of falling babies, arson, and street murders, people liked to discuss why social violence was so serious? In the past few years, there seems to be much less such news, and hopefully it is really less. I hope that our country can truly cultivate people with sound personalities, who will not be grumpy, speak ill of each other, or even wield butcher knives because of different beliefs, ideas, and habits. I hope that each of us can understand that there are many ups and downs in other people's lives, try not to humiliate others, or have the courage to say sorry. I hope that there will be no more terrorist attacks against civilians in this world, because the dead knot of history will not be unraveled by war and death, but will only slowly disappear through mutual understanding and tolerance.
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