follow the movie to learn about history... (updated, graphic version)
Smithsonian Museum
Located in Washington, D.C., the United States, it is the world’s largest museum system. The 16 museums it belongs to contain more than 140 million art treasures and precious specimens. At the same time, it is also a research center that engages in public education, civil service, and Research in all aspects of art, science, and history.
Admission is free to all museums in the Smithsonian Group. The largest museum complex in the world is one of the popular attractions in Washington DC.
【Extended reading】Smithsonian Museum's official website
Air and Space Museum
Among the 17 museums, the "must-see" museum is the National Air and Space Museum, which houses a large collection of aircraft and spacecraft in world history. The National Air and Space Museum, also known as the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, is the largest aviation museum in the world and one of the most popular museums in the United States. It is the most desired by countless children and space fans Holy land.
This modern building made of glass, marble and steel is not so much a museum as it is a science center for aviation technology, space warfare and planetary science. Because the museum not only houses a lot of aerospace equipment and equipment, including the aircraft invented by the Wright brothers, the Apollo 11 command module, and lunar rock specimens...More importantly, the large collections in the museum are all out of stock. Together with all kinds of text and pictures, they clearly, detailed and truly record and show the history and future development direction of mankind’s exploration of the sky and space. In addition to the main exhibition area in Washington, D.C., the Air and Space Museum has a branch in Fairfax County, Virginia, the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center (Steven F. Udvar-Hazy). Center), which occupies a larger area and has more collections, such as a stunning 10-story aviation hangar, 23 exhibition rooms, 120 aircraft and 135 spacecraft.
Amelia Earhart
(disappeared on July 24, 1897-July 2, 1937, and was declared dead on January 5, 1939)
Famous American female pilots and feminist activists. Earhart was the first female pilot to receive the Cross Flight Medal of Honor and the first female pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She has also set many other records, and the book she wrote about her flying experience is very popular. She helped establish an organization of female pilots. When she tried to fly around the world for the first time in 1937, she mysteriously disappeared while flying across the Pacific Ocean.
[Extended Reading] "Amelia: An Angel Passing By A Woman Flying Over the Ocean"
[Extended Viewing] "Amelia (2009)"
General Custer
(George Armstrong Custer, 1839-1876)
Born in New Rumley, Ohio, entered the Military Academy on January 1, 1857, graduated from the U.S. Army’s West Point Military Academy in 1861, an officer of the U.S. Cavalry, and a general in the U.S. Civil War. He has an outstanding record and is a legend in American history. figure. The 7th Cavalry Regiment, the most famous in American history, came from it.
During the Civil War, at the age of 23, he was appointed Brigadier General of the Volunteer Army. In the Battle of Gettysburg, he defeated Yeber Stewart's Confederate attack. In Winchester, his 500 Michigan cavalry smashed an entire Confederate cavalry brigade and captured 720 men. From 1874 to 1875, he was responsible for the defense of Abraham Lincoln.
During the Civil War, General Custer had shown amazing courage, disregarding his own life and death, so that he was quickly promoted from lieutenant to general. He was the first to kill in the rain of bullets, but he was never injured-so he was regarded as a hero by the common people, but he was not trusted and loved by his subordinates: although he himself was never injured, the number of casualties of his officers and soldiers in the war , More than other cavalry units in the same period-soldiers do not want to support a commander who wants them to die at any time.
Impulsive, proud, wise, and tragic, these words can all be used to describe Castell.
He is a brave warrior and a loyal husband loved by his wife. He is also a "demon" in the eyes of the Indians, and a failed leader who led the soldiers to destruction. Custer once boasted that the Indians of the United States combined would not be enough. Dealt with him and led the 7th Cavalry Regiment, but in the end he died because of his underestimation.
[Extended reading] Battle of the Little Giant Horn River by
Abraham Lincoln
(February 12, 1809-April 15, 1865)
American politician, thinker, and abolitionist of black slavery. The 16th President of the United States. During his presidency, the United States broke out in a civil war, known as the Civil War, and Lincoln firmly opposed the division of the country. He abolished slavery in the rebellious states and promulgated the Homestead Act and the Proclamation on the Emancipation of Black Slaves. Lincoln defeated the southern secessionist forces and safeguarded the rights of all races and peoples to be created equal in the American Union and its territories. Soon after the end of the Civil War, Lincoln was assassinated. He was the first American president to be assassinated, and also the first Republican president. He was repeatedly evaluated as the greatest president. The front of the latest version of the $5 bill is a photo of Abraham Lincoln.
[Extended viewing] "Great Valley State University Open Class: Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial"
[Villain Role]
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan Vasilyevich (Иван IV Васильевич, August 25, 1530-March 18, 1584), also known as Ivan the Great, the terrifying Ivan. He was the first tsar in Russian history.
Ivan IV came to the throne at the age of three, and his mother was temporarily regent, but suffered from the violence of the great nobles. At that time, various groups fiercely fought for power, ransacked and murdered, which had a profound impact on the formation and activities of Ivan IV’s character. Since childhood, he developed a strong-willed and cruel character, excited, cruel, and severely suppressed against the nobles. He was crowned as Tsar in January 1547.
Ivan the Terrible formed a special army that was absolutely loyal to the Tsar and ruthless and tyrannical to his subjects. Then massacres began, peaking during the period of special jurisdiction from 1565 to 1572. The targets of the massacre were mainly feudal princes and great nobles who had the strength to resist the tsar. Approximately more than 4000 nobles were killed in 7 years. While eradicating the great aristocracy, Ivan IV fostered the power of the small aristocracy and citizens. The positive effect of special jurisdiction was to eliminate the hidden dangers of the separatism of local lords and strengthen the centralization of power. His army ransacked Novgorod, which has always had an independent and republican tendency. It is estimated that tens of thousands of people have been killed, and they also massacred the people of Kazan during the annexation of the Kazan Khanate. Finally, in 1581, Ivan IV missed and killed the heir, Prince Ivan, in a rage, and his massacre was finally brought to an end in irreparable guilt.
Ivan IV was very effective in territorial expansion. He successively annexed the Kazan Khanate (1552), Astrakhan Khanate (1556) and Siberian Khanate (1579), and defeated Kerry. The wooden khanate, Russia's territory moved eastward by a large margin, and the Mongols were no longer a threat. He personally went into battle in some of these battles, fought bravely, and put forward strategies such as "continuously attacking the enemy" and "taking the elimination of the enemy's vigorous force as the starting point in field battles." In addition, he annexed the Great Noga Khanate and Bashkirya, bringing many peoples in the North Caucasus to Russia. He launched the Livonian War in 1558 in an attempt to seize the Baltic Sea. This war lasted for a quarter of a century (1558-1583) and consumed most of Ivan’s life. The major Baltic countries were involved. Among them, Russia finally failed due to isolation and helplessness, and the long-cherished wish to seize the Baltic Sea mouth was completed by Peter the Great more than 100 years later.
[Extended viewing]"Ivan the Terrible (1944)"
Napoleon Bonaparte
(August 15, 1769-May 5, 1821)
Napoleon I, a great French military strategist and statesman in the nineteenth century, and the founder of the first French empire. Successively served as the first ruler of the First French Republic (1799-1804), and the first emperor of the French Empire (1804-1815).
Napoleon was crowned emperor on November 6, 1804, turning the republic into an empire. During his reign, he was called the "Emperor of the French", and he was also the second French emperor to have this title since Charles III in history.
Internally, he repeatedly suppressed the rebellions of the reactionary forces, promulgated the "Napoleonic Code", perfected the world legal system, and established the social order of Western capitalist countries. Externally, he led the army to break through five anti-French alliances formed by Britain, Prussia, Austria, Russia and other countries, and won more than 50 large-scale battles, which severely hit the feudal systems of European countries and defended the fruits of the French Revolution. During the French administration, he expanded several times, launched the Napoleonic Wars, became the king of Italy, the protector of the Rhine Confederation, the arbiter of the Swiss Confederation, and the colonial lord of the French Empire (including French colonies, Dutch colonies, Spanish colonies, etc.). In the most glorious period, all countries in Europe, except Britain, surrendered or formed alliances with Napoleon. Formed a huge Napoleon empire system, created a series of military and political miracles and short-term glorious achievements.
[Extended reading] "From soldier to emperor, 3 minutes
to understand Napoleon (Part 1 )" "From soldier to emperor, 3 minutes to understand Napoleon (Part 2)"
Al Capone
(January 7, 1899-January 25, 1947) )
Also translated as Carbon, the American gangster, was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was scarred on his face by his opponent because of the gang fighting. After that, Capone walked the underworld under the nickname "Scarface" and took power in the Mafia from 1925 to 1931.
Capone, who dropped out of middle school before finishing high school, made his fortune in Chicago. Around the 1920s, the United States promulgated a prohibition on alcohol. Johnny Torio, the head of the Chicago crime syndicate, took this opportunity to make huge profits through criminal activities such as bootlegging, gambling, and prostitution. At this time, Capone has gradually become Torio's right and left hand when he commits a crime. In 1926, Torio left Chicago due to crime exposure and other reasons, and Capone immediately took over the Chicago gang organization left behind by Torio. After that, Capone continued to lead the gangs to fight and bribe politicians, the police and the judiciary. On the other hand, the continued implementation of Prohibition has also greatly increased Capone's power.
Although Al Capone has committed crimes for a long time, the U.S. federal government has been unable to successfully arrest him because he has not been able to find evidence of his crime. It was not until 1931 that a federal tax detective accidentally discovered that a casino controlled by Capone was concealing income. The US government arrested Capone on suspicion of tax evasion and sent Capone and 69 other Mafia to court. In 1932, he was tried and convicted and imprisoned for tax evasion, fraud and other crimes, and then went to San Francisco Alcatraz prison. Because of the strict prison isolation, Capone gradually lost the influence of the underworld.
Although Capone is a criminal underworld, he plays the role of "helping the weak and helping the poor" to a certain extent. Together with the criminal part of his wisdom, he has still become a symbol of the alternative American dream. Some biographers even consider him to be "Chicago in the 1920s". "The Underground Mayor", "The Number One Underworld Man in the U.S." and "The Most Interesting Criminal in History." In addition, his criminal behavior is often cited. For example, in the US 9/11 incident, the Taliban organization involved in instigating attacks once claimed: "Compared with what Capone did, our actions are not that terrible." In addition, the modern architect Alexander Goring also claimed when referring to Chicago's corrupt law and order: "Chicago is still living in the era of Al Capone."
[Extended viewing] "Iron-faced Selflessness (1987)"
[Famous Painting Series]
"The Crying Girl" Roy Lichtenstein
As one of America's most famous pop artists, Roy Lichtenstein's definition of pop art is more appropriate than any American pop artist. He uses the most unremarkable comic strips or advertising paintings as his basic themes, and then faithfully enlarges them with oil or acrylic paint, using bright colors, flat painting and line drawing, and some even using instruments to enlarge them.
"Crying Girl" here is created in this way, and its image comes from the common comic strips in the United States. Although the girl's expression is melancholy, the work basically has no special meaning. It is just an ordinary figure in American daily life. Lichtenstein's intention is to "eliminate the meaning of the work itself", which is also a characteristic of Pop Art. Similar paintings include "Girl with a Hair Band", "Drowning Girl" and so on.
[Extended reading] "Characters|Roy Lichtenstein American Pop Art Master"
"American Gothic" Grant Wood
This oil painting was painted by Grant Wood at the Art Institute of Chicago in 1930, size: 76.2x63.5cm. Together with the Statue of Liberty, Barbie, Buffalo Nickel and Uncle Sam, it is known as the "Five Symbols of American Culture."
In the painting, the man's eyes are straight forward, his lips are closed tightly, his thin yellow face is very serious, and his nose is meticulously framed with round glasses. He held a fork in his muddy hands. It not only represented the hardworking spirit of farmers in the era when agriculture was dominant, but also symbolized the unquestionable male authority and power in the patriarchal society of the 19th century. From the composition point of view, this fork echoes the oval face of the character and the lines of the Gothic window behind the character. The woman standing next to him is a typical Victorian dress, from hairstyle to dress, even to facial expressions, all reminiscent of Jane Eyre. Like men, women's expressions are not silly, just because women of that era took rigorous, reserved, diligent, and self-denying virtues. She stood slightly behind the man and looked at the man, a bit like "he is the only one who listens".
"Nighthawk" Edward Hope
This work was created in 1942 and is Edward's most representative work. At that time, the United States had just experienced the longest and most destructive economic depression in history. Repeatedly record high unemployment rates and rapidly declining family income have plunged society into collective mental malaise. The flashy American dream becomes a moon in the water overnight. Economic constraints are reality, but what makes people nowhere to hide is mental confusion.
The scene depicted in "Nighthawk" takes place in the middle of the night, in a restaurant on the corner of the street that has not yet closed. The surrounding shops are closed, and the empty streets are clear of people. The painter uses sharp lines and large areas of color to create a hard tone. This kind of ordinary theme is very common in Edward's works: streets, cafes, offices, urban apartments... The similarities are the sadness among them. Some people say that in his writing, even the buildings on the same street have a feeling of isolation. This may have something to do with Edward's relatively escapist character.
Edward Hopper (July 22, 1882-May 15, 1967) was an American master painter, famous for depicting the lonely landscape of contemporary American life. He belongs to the promoter of urban realistic painting style. After his birthday, he almost became an important American painter, and was called the Ashcan School by critics.
[Extended reading] "[Famous Painting Appreciation] Edward Hope-"Nighthawk"
" "Transport Ship Distressed" Joseph Marrod William Turner
An oil painting by the famous British painter Joseph Marrod William Turner in 1810. This oil painting depicts the scene of a shipwrecked ship in a big storm at sea.
Turner is keen to present the various forces of the natural world with romantic techniques. In order to faithfully present astonishing and uncontrollable conditions such as gusts, floods, and rainstorms, he developed a swirling compositional technique that uses swirling patterns. The rotating effect guides the viewer into the core of the picture and draws a work like this "Transport Ship Distressed". He believes that in this way, the viewer will not only watch the storm from the sidelines, but to some extent actually experience the feeling of being caught in the storm.
The painting, also known as "The Shipwreck of the Minotaur" (The Shipwreck of the Minotaur), was completed in 1810, when the Dutch Minotaur shipwreck made the headlines. Since the draft of the painting had already appeared in 1805, The name of the oil painting was later changed to the name of the shipwreck, but it is not directly related to the shipwreck.
[Extended reading] "Turner: He recognizes the storm and is excited like the sea"
"The Kiss of Victory"
The kiss of victory was a kiss that took place in Times Square, New York on August 14, 1945 (August 15, Beijing time). When Japan announced its unconditional surrender, the people of New York took to the streets to celebrate the victory. A sailor kissed a female nurse next to him during a celebration in Times Square. This moment was captured by the photographer Alfred Eisenstaedt of Life magazine and became Classic historical pictures handed down from generation to generation.
The sensation of Kiss on Victory Day also caused some controversy. Some people think that the work is suspected of posing, the costumes of the characters do not match the climate at the time, and the composition of the picture is so precise. People have also been looking for the heroes and heroines in the photos, with different opinions.
[Sculptures]
"The Thinker" Auguste Rodin
Bronze and marble sculptures by Auguste Rodin. The statue was originally a main statue on the lintel of the group of sculptures "Gate of Hell" and one of the representative statues of the group of sculptures. Later, Rodin made a separate statue from it, which later became one of Rodin's famous works.
The work adopts realism techniques to express the spirit of humanism. The statue figure sits with his head bowed, his right elbow on his left knee, his chin and lips in his hand, and his eyes are falling into painful thinking and meditation. Rodin used this image to symbolize the poet Dante, as well as Rodin himself, and even the entire human race. The statue expresses Dante’s thinking about the evils in hell and the current human tragedy. While expressing sympathy and love for mankind, There are also depressions and strong contradictions in my heart. The forehead and eyebrow arches are prominent but the eyes are sunken so that black shadows appear, plus the bent ribs and tense muscles, the tightened calf tendons, and the cramped toes that reflect the extreme depression and hidden pain in the character's heart.
As for why the figures appear naked, Rodin wanted to express wisdom and poetry in the heroic artistic image of Michelangelo. He analyzed: "A person's image and posture must reveal his emotions, and his body expresses his inner body. Spiritual. For those who understand this view, nudity is the richest meaning." Compared to Rodin's other statues, The Thinker is widely recognized as an allegory of subjective initiative and is widely used all over the world. .
"Fourteen Year Old Little Dancer" Degas
The original work was carved by Degas, and it was once the best result of the year at Sotheby's London Impressionist & Modern Works Auction. A new world record was set at 13,200,000 pounds. This is a high-quality and rare work.
This bronze work depicts a young ballerina standing with a subtle and elusive expression. This work is Degas's most representative work.
Impressionist sculpture does not rely on reliable knowledge, but only portrays instant impressions. Due to the short moments to be portrayed, the work lacks modification and is a kind of sculpture with a sloppy appearance.
With seemingly random but accurate swift methods of grasping the object, it leaves a momentary and eternal image. There is no doubt that this bronze sculpture is the most iconic work among the impressionist works. The record-breaking price for this extraordinary sculpture is a testament to the market's pursuit of extraordinary works.
[Extended reading] "Edgar Degas Sculpture-14-year-old Dancer (Part 1)"
"Edgar Degas Sculpture-14-year-old Dancer (Part 2)"
"Balloon Dog" Jeff Koons
Jeff Koons' sculpture "Balloon Dog" sold for 58.4 million U.S. dollars in 2013, which is the highest-priced work of a living artist today. The size of "Balloon Dog" is 307.3 cm × 363.2 cm × 114.3 cm. There are five versions in blue, magenta, golden, red and yellow. The balloon dog is magnificent in size and gorgeous and delicate in color. They are all collected by tycoon collectors.
There are a few pictures that haven’t found the source yet~~
Please give pointers from friends who know:
Next time I have time, I will find the plane information in the aviation hall to fill in~
View more about Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian reviews
