Author: Southern Weekend Comprehensive Report Chai Huiqun Dingbuzhi A
section of the temporary railway that was opened for one and a half months was repaired into an S shape for various reasons. The speed limit of trains passing through this section was changed several times within a month. A few days before the incident, the Jinan Railway Bureau issued a document about the speed limit and quickly cancelled the speed limit. The temporary railway with huge danger lurking, the child's play-like dispatch management, and the negligence and dereliction of duty at all levels eventually led to one of the most significant disasters in the history of Chinese railways.
At 4:48 am on April 28th, on the Wangcun section of Shandong Jiaoji Railway, the Beijing-Qingdao T195 train at a speed of 131 km/h suddenly derailed from No. 9 to 17 carriages and intruded into another parallel rail. The 5034 running train collided with each other, resulting in 71 deaths and 416 injuries.
It has been confirmed that the incident line was a temporary line in the shape of an "S", and speeding is believed to be the direct cause of the accident. However, industry insiders questioned why a rather low-level error such as "speeding" occurred on express trains that have basically achieved automatic control?
What kind of mystery is hidden behind all kinds of difficult-to-understand phenomena? Are they related to the accident?
Three chances failed to seize the
Xinhua News Agency’s report that Wang Jun, head of the State Administration of Work Safety, said that from the preliminary information, the train in the incident was seriously overspeeding. The actual speed reached 131 kilometers per hour on the road section with the speed limit of 80 kilometers per hour. , "April 28" Jiaoji Railway traffic accident is a typical liability accident.
Wang Jun said that this fully exposed the serious problems of some railway operating companies’ poor production safety awareness, leadership, responsibilities, hidden danger investigation and management, and supervision and management; it reflects the weak awareness of safety at the grassroots level and the existence of on-site management. Serious loopholes.
The problem is that the train should be restricted to 80 km/h, so why can it run at a speed of 131 km/h? It is usually easy to understand that it is caused by the negligence of the train driver. However, the investigation proves that the reason behind it is extremely complicated. Among the many responsible links, the driver factor may be the least important one.
According to Xinhua News Agency, the accident investigation team announced that the Jinan Railway Bureau exposed two prominent problems in the incident: one was the use of documents instead of speed limit dispatch orders, and the other was the omission of temporary speed limit orders. The director of the bureau and the party secretary were removed on the spot.
Contrary to the two-sentence conclusion mentioned above, on April 29, the Ministry of Railways issued an internal notification, listing the facts in detail and naming the relevant parties responsible. It may be seen from the report that there should have been at least three opportunities to avoid disasters. However, the negligence of relevant personnel has caused the opportunities to be missed again and again.
The accident occurred on April 28, which was the first day that the Jiaoji Railway Line was adjusted due to the construction of the train operation diagram. Xinhua News Agency reported that on April 23, the Jinan Bureau issued Document No. 154 "Notice on Implementing Jiaoji Line Construction and Adjusting Train Operation Diagram", which is scheduled to be implemented at 0:00 on April 28 four days later. This document requires a speed limit of 80 km/h in the area where the accident occurred.
However, on April 29, Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua View Point" reported that such important documents of the Jinan Bureau were only published on the bureau's website, and the foreign bureau and related units were passed on by ordinary letters, and the Beijing Locomotive Depot was used as a CC unit. . The new Secretary Gengzhi Jinan Railway repair 29 admits, "Jinan Bureau of construction documents, scheduling commands chaotic management, instead of the temporary speed restriction command file with extremely serious."
It is understood that the railway operation, only for speed play a decisive role Is the scheduling command. In other words, even if Circular 154 is not received, as long as the Jinan Railway Bureau issues the speed limit dispatch order in time, the tragedy can still be avoided.
The usual practice is that the Jinan Railway Bureau issues a speed limit dispatch order. After receiving it, the Beijing Locomotive Depot to which T195 belongs will incorporate the relevant speed limit data into the IC card, and then insert it into the "black box" (train operation monitoring and recording device) on the train. In this way, the train will automatically control the speed. If the driver fails to execute the speed limit command due to negligence or other reasons, the train will automatically brake to slow down or stop.
However, Xinhua News Agency reported that three days after the issuance of Circular 154, that is, on April 26, Jinan Bureau issued a dispatch order No. 4158, requesting the cancellation of multiple speed limits, including Wangcun to the east of Zhoucun. Speed limit command for the line (where the accident occurred).
"The chaos in the transmission of files and dispatch orders has laid a huge hidden danger to the accident. The danger is pressing step by step, but the error continues..." Xinhua News Agency's "Xinhua Viewpoint" report sighed.
The reason why the Jinan Bureau went back and cancelled the speed limit in the form of a dispatch order after issuing the speed limit is still unknown. However, according to the analysis of an expert from the Railway Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Railways, the reason may be that the Jiaoji line was constructed in multiple places. At the same time, we must also try to ensure the normal operation of the train.
"The total running time is relatively fixed, and the speed limit in some places must mean that the speed needs to be increased in other places," the expert said.
It is reported that the time from T195 to Wangcun’s accident section was 4:38, and according to the adjusted operation chart, it should be at Zibo Station below Wangcun at 4:19. In other words, in order to ensure that the train arrives in Qingdao at approximately normal time, the train must increase speed. It is just a question of where to increase the speed.
At around 1:00 midnight on April 28, the opportunity came again. The 2245 train passing by Wangcun found that the on-site temporary speed limit sign (80) did not match the data of the operation monitor (unlimited), and immediately reported it to the Jinan Bureau. The latter issued the dispatch order No. 4444 at 4:2: between k293+780 and k290+784, the speed limit is 80 km/h.
As usual, this dispatch order is notified to the railway station, and then the operator on duty uses a wireless walkie-talkie to notify the driver. The conversation between the two will be recorded and recorded in the train "black box".
But what is fatal is that, according to Xinhua News Agency, this order, number 4444, was missed by the station attendant. The staff on duty at Wangcun Station did not confirm the latest temporary speed limit order with the T195 driver, and did not seriously implement the joint control of the vehicle and the machine. The driver of the T195 train ultimately did not receive this rescue order.
At this time, there is only the last line of defense: relying on the naked eye of the T195 driver to find the 80 km/h speed limit plate, and then limit the speed of the train. But it turns out that the last straw is so fragile. At 4:30 in the morning, when the driver was most exhausted, he obviously did not notice the flashing speed limit sign.
According to the "Xinhua Viewpoint" report, "the locomotive crew did not take a serious look and lost the last opportunity to prevent accidents."
In this way, many opportunities were unbelievably missed one by one, and finally the delayed T195 train was like a broken horse, surging at a speed of 131 km/h, and quickly capsized.
What is quite puzzling is that after the accident, the speed limit sign on the temporary line was changed from "80" to "45".
Source: Southern Weekend
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