Although Arminius and Liu Yuan lived nearly three hundred years apart, they had many similarities, but they brought completely different fates to the two empires.
They were both northern barbarians (Germanic, Xiongnu); both were sent as hostages to imperial capitals (Rome, Luoyang) as sons of chieftains, and they all got along well. They all later returned to their hometowns to inherit the position of chiefs and betrayed the empire.
Arminius broke the two-hundred-year-old myth of the invincibility of the Roman legions, and the Teutonic War was seen as a battle for the independence of the Germanic nation. Liu Yuan was the first northern nomad who established state power in the Central Plains by leading his clan to rise to independence while the Sima clan were killing each other.
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