During the Mongol invasion, the Mongols' invasion of Kievan Rus was devastating. The Mongolian expedition to the west destroyed Kievan Rus and destroyed a large number of principalities. Ryazan was one of them, and the principality that first went to war with the Mongols. The Mongol Empire was very different from the nomads that Kievan Rus had seen before. They were nomads with unified command, good discipline, and advanced weapons. At this time, the main principalities of Kievan Rus, except the Novgorod feudal republic under Nevsky and the Smolensk Grand Duchy under the strong Sviatoslav, fell into chaos and decline. The Mongols advanced to Kievan Rus at this time, and the principalities of Kievan Rus were powerless to resist. It took the Mongol army just over three years to conquer most of the territory of Kievan Rus except the feudal republic of Novgorod.
In 1235, the great Khan of the Mongol Empire, Okuotai, convened Kuliltai in Harahelin, and the meeting passed the resolution of the second westward expedition. With Batu as the head, there were subordinates such as Subutai, Guiyou, Mengge, Buri, Uerda, Bieerge, Menghan Timur, Tuur and other sect kings and Nayan West Expedition. At the time of departure from Harah and Lin, the strength was around 13,000, and historians have not yet determined the number of Mongolian troops when they invaded Kievan Rus. It is generally believed that in the range of 30,000 to 45,000 people, the Kipchak servant army is about 40,000 people. 6.1 Pre-war situation In 1236, after Batu conquered the southern Russian steppe, his troops were divided into four routes, one route was divided into 10,000 Northern Expedition Volga, Bulgaria and Mordovia. The other three, led by Batu, Guiyou, and Mengge, invaded Ryazan in three directions. Batu advised Ryazan to surrender and pay tribute before the war. Oleg Vsevolodovich told Yuri Igorevich that he didn't think there was anything special about the Mongols, he could just send them away. Yuri Igorevich, Duke of Ryazan, categorically refused to surrender to the Mongols, and responded that only if we were dead, everything would be yours. But he sent his son Fyodor with gifts to meet Batu to show his favor, but he refused Batu's request for tribute.
He regarded the Mongols as a new nomadic people in southern Russia, and at the same time asked other principalities for help to resist this new tribe. Batu's arrogant anger at Yuri Igorevich tied his son Fyodor, as recorded in different chronicles. There are three versions of Fyodor's death: hacked, shot, tied up and kicked to death, and the cause of death is also said to not sacrifice his wife. Batu was angry with Ryazan's arrogance and ordered a three-way attack into the Grand Duchy of Ryazan. In the Battle of the Voronezh River (Сражение на реке Воронеже) Batu and Subutai defeated 4,000 Ryazan troops with 12,000~15,000 troops. ~5,700 or so troops. In this battle, the Mongolian army was equipped with cavalry archers on the two wings, heavy cavalry in the middle army, and the rear flanks were composed of dismounted infantry, mainly pikemen. When the war started, the Mongolian army detoured on both sides of the Ryazan army, the Ryazan army formed a circular formation to block arrows, and the servants of the Kipchak infantry pushed forward to oppress the circular formation. After the Ryazan army entered the Dvorshina cavalry, the Mongolian pike infantry intercepted on the right flank of the right cavalry, hindering the cavalry charge. The cavalry archers fired arrows in the rear of the Ryazan army to drive off the Ryazan longaxe infantry. The heavy cavalry of the Mongolian army detoured into the Ryazan infantry formation on the right flank. The Duke of Ryazan was defeated and fled first. The Mongolian light cavalry chased after him. The remaining infantry could not maintain it, and the front line collapsed. Some soldiers surrendered, and Batu ordered the execution. Subutai captured Murom on the same day and slaughtered the city as an example. The Mongol army thus began the conquest of Kievan Rus, and the first one was the conquest of the Ryazan-Murom principality.
After the first contact with the Mongol army, the Ryazan-Murom principalities were not only not united. On December 14, 1237 Gleb Vladimirovich killed six local princes. He instead sent troops to kill Archduke Yuri Igorevich, Yuri fled to his nephew Igor for help, but Gleb Vladimirovich failed to capture him. On December 15th, Ingvar Igorevich of the Chernigov-Pereslavl branch led troops to drive out Gleb Vladimirovich and support Yuri Igore. Vitch regained his position as Archduke.
Since the first Ryazan city was razed by Dawo Vsevolod in 1207, the reconstructed Ryazan city no longer has the defensive ability that the Vladimir army could not conquer for a long time. On December 16, after the Mongols destroyed other cities, Yuri Igorevich came to the city, and Ryazan, which was mainly made of wooden buildings, could not resist the siege weapons of the Mongolian army. In 1207, Dawo Vsevolod razed Ryazan, the reconstruction process of Ryazan was not completed, and the principality was seriously attrition. Makes it easier for the Mongols to attack.
Ingvar Igorevich broke through and asked Chernihiv for help. On the 17th, the Mongolian army had joined the three-way army, and about 30,000 to 40,000 people included Ryazan. The 60,000 inhabitants of Ryazan were mobilized to defend the city, and the defenders poured boiling water and hot oil on the Mongol army. There were only 4,500 Ryazan defenders, and they still used the crossbow arrows of the defending city and threw stones outside the city with slings. On the 18th, the Mongolian army prepared siege vehicles and divided 16 vehicles to attack all parts of the city. The Mongolian army also set up slings and threw the burning objects. Ryazan Boyevpati Kolovrat (Евпатий Коловрат) also actively resisted in this battle, but still failed and fled north. On the 20th, there was a gap in the Ryazan city wall, and the Mongolian army entered the city wall. On the 21st, the Mongolian army captured Ryazan and slaughtered the city. The Ryazan-Murom state, with a territory area of more than 80,000 square kilometers, was conquered by the Mongolian army within a week. Archduke Yuri Igorevich was killed in the war, and Batu found Oleg Vsevolodovich in the city who proposed Archduke Yuri to fight against the Mongol.
Batu accused him of destroying the country and sowing discord. Oleg Vsevolodovich initially denied it was his idea, vowing it was a misunderstanding. Batu asked the messenger to bring Yuri Igorevich's private documents, Oleg Vsevolodovic confronted the messenger, and Oleg had to admit it. Oleg knelt down to Batu and begged for mercy, and Batu humiliated him by telling Oleg Vsevolorovich to lick the sole of his boot. He didn't want to let him die happily, so he ordered chains to lock his neck, raise him as a dog, and throw him food for the dog to eat.
This film describes the story of a hero named Kolovrat leading the surviving Ryazan soldiers to launch a revenge attack on the Mongols after the city of Ryazan was destroyed. There were a total of 1,600 Kolovrat troops recorded in Russian history. They mainly attacked the Mongols’ baggage units. The Mongols were surprised by this. Destroyed this troop. Kolovrat refused to surrender and died honorably. Unexpectedly, the fighting nation today also has a dark history of being enslaved and ruled by the Mongols.
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