of Jerusalem in the film "Heaven" of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the leper, I believe everyone is very impressed. In fact, he is the sixth monarch of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This family is very interesting. A man of great means. It is a pity that the country that has been reorganized with one hand and one foot did not last very long.
The first crusade broke out in 1095 when the Pope called on Catholic nobles and lords to mobilize armies to wage a holy war against the Seljuks. During this expedition, the Crusaders established a series of Crusaders in the East to consolidate their power. Backed by Western powers, these countries are bridgeheads against the Islamic world. Among them, two countries are quite related, one is the county of Edessa, and the other is the so-called "Kingdom of Heaven" in the film - the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
It is said that they are related because the founder of the two countries is actually the same person, namely Baldwin I, and the leper king in "The Sky" is Baldwin IV.
In 1098, Baldwin I, Earl of Brun from Normandy participated in the first crusade. Soon after the crusade began, this Baldwin first showed his "style", left the large army without authorization, and led his own troops to the army. The city of Edessa (an ancient city in the Mesopotamia and one of the holy cities of Christianity) set off. At that time, the city of Edessa was besieged by the Seljuks for two months, and our uncle Baldwin, just like Gongming of Songyu in Shandong, Shi Shiran, appeared.
When reinforcements arrived, the Seljuks retreated. The military chief of Edessa at that time was called Theoros, and he was so grateful for Uncle Bao's timely assistance, and the admiration was like a surging river. At this time, the founder of the Kingdom of Jerusalem showed his style for the second time. In March 1098, Baldwin formed an alliance with Theoros and considered him his adopted son and heir. In March of the same year, Lord Baldwin attacked his godson's son Camp and kidnap his entire family, demanding that his godson trade control of Edessa for the family's lives. The poor godson was reluctant that the whole family was forced to agree and handed over the city, but he immediately became the practice product of Uncle Baldwin's third style, and the whole family, including himself, was tragically destroyed.
In this way, in 1098, Baldwin established the county of Edessa, called Baldwin I.
Now put aside the stylized Baldwin I for a moment, and talk about another stylized man. This man is called Godford, is a prince, to be precise, the French Prince of Brun. And he is Uncle Bao's brother.
As the saying goes, heroes are born in troubled times. Europe at the end of the 11th century was also in chaos. Princes, nobles, and lords had nothing to do all day long. You lost me and I lost you. Coincidentally, the Holy See called on everyone to go east, and the muzzle finally found a consistent direction to the outside world, so there was no fuss, and the swarms went east to make a fortune. The aristocracy has always been characterized by a family-owned business model. In the Crusades, there were not a few families traveling eastward. The brothers Godford and Baldwin were a model.
But these two brothers are very independent and have a sense of direction. A year after his younger brother made his home in Edessa, his older brother finally led his troops to the Jerusalem Knob and surrounded it. The subsequent siege lasted 8 days, causing the loss of about 70% of my brother's family and military, which the world called pain! However, finally, on July 15, 1099, the Crusaders broke through Jerusalem, and after a short rest, Lord Godford ordered the massacre of the city. In half a day, the invading army slaughtered everyone in the city except the chief executive.
Lord Godford, like his younger brother, is also a very stylish person. He was asked to be the king of Jerusalem by his subordinates. He was very angry and said, is this the kind of person? ! Even to protect the Holy Sepulchre! So he gave himself a very stylistic title, called "Protector of the Holy Sepulchre", and took charge of the Holy City in this capacity.
But Lord Godford's life was not very good, and he only served as "the protector of the Holy Sepulchre" for one year. Godford died in Jerusalem in 1100. The second master Baldwin arrived from Edessa almost at the same time and was crowned King of Jerusalem without hesitation in front of his brother's body. The Crusaders' Kingdom of Jerusalem was officially established, marking the return of the Holy City.
According to Bao Erye's usual behavior and the amazing speed of action in this time, I even doubt whether the uncle's illness is a bit tricky, hehe, but this is completely out of speculation and has no factual basis.
The above is the origin of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Kingdom of Heaven.
2. The inheritance of the kingdom before Baldwin IV
Baldwin IV is the son of the younger brother of Baldwin I's cousin's grandson. It seems that the blood relationship between the two kings seems to be a bit distant, but Baldwin IV's actions did not bring any shame to his ancestors.
Before talking about Baldwin IV's short reign of less than 30 years, let's briefly review the inheritance relationship and main events of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the past 170 years, so as not to be abrupt.
After the successful coronation of Baldwin I, the joy was not to mention. If Bao Taizu's previous actions all reflected the ruthlessness of the founding monarch without exception, then his subsequent governance of the country reflected his excellent military and political abilities. First of all, he wisely preemptively occupied a series of ports on the east coast of the Mediterranean and brought them under the rule of the kingdom. This function is to ensure the passage from Europe to the hinterland of the Islamic world, while the Mediterranean countries have voluntarily voluntarily protected their common military and trade routes. The ground guards the east coast of Jerusalem, ready to provide strong support at any time, and then he established suzerainty in Edessa, Antioch and Tripoli, making these three shrimps a subsidiary of Jerusalem, so that Jerusalem does not have to be surrounded by Islamic forces. And it appears to be only a shadow. After a few walks, the Kingdom of Jerusalem flourished.
In 1118, the lovely worldly man Baldwin I finally burped. The kingdom was handed over to his cousin, King Edessa, Baldwin II. This second generation is not like Qin Ershi, but it makes people feel that he is really a bit of a jerk. During his reign, he fought against the Seljuks many times and was captured many times, but every time it was amazing He escaped unharmed, and he was not ashamed at all when he came back, and continued to go out on the expedition on a tall horse. As a result of the campaign, at the time of his death in 1131, the kingdom had increased almost the entire area of Palestine from the territory of Baldwin I, all the way to the central part of what is today Lebanon.
Since then, the leader of the Kingdom of Jerusalem is the daughter and son-in-law of Baldwin II. The daughter, as the heir to the royal bloodline, represents the political and royal inheritance, while the son-in-law is mainly responsible for the national military security and exercising powers. Interestingly, this concubine named Falk is also an excellent military commander, but he does not like to go out and whip the whip like his father-in-law does, but only ensures the safety of the entire kingdom. In his lifetime, he succeeded Resisted the Zengyi dynasty's attack on Jerusalem and other Crusaders, and ensured that followers of Jesus Christ could continue to live and work here
Falk tragically fell from a horse during a hunting trip in 1143. Taking this opportunity, the Zengyi dynasty captured Edessa. This event gave rise to the Second Crusade in 1147.
In 1153, Falk's wife abdicated and his son Baldwin III came to the throne. In this generation, the excellent blood of the Baldwin family has not faded. According to historical records, the third master took his sword to conquer Egypt's last territory in Palestine, Askron. But at the same time, the promising monarch Na'adin, the second-generation leader of the Zengyi dynasty, also stepped onto the stage of history. He conquered Damascus, unified the Islamic world in Syria, and posed a huge threat to the Crusaders. .
In 1162, the third young master Baldwin died. His brother Amalric I ascended the throne, which is the father of Baldwin IV in the film "Heaven". From the beginning of Amalik, the father and son have been burdened with the fate of long-term confrontation with the two great leaders of the Islamic world - Na'adin and Saladin.
During the 12-year reign of Amalik I, he also tried to conquer the whole of Egypt while confronting Naadin, but it ended in failure. In 1174, he and Na'adin, like an appointment, hiccups one after another, presumably due to the hero's loneliness, one died and the other committed suicide. In this way, the throne finally passed into the hands of Baldwin IV. The 13-year-old child who contracted leprosy at the age of 9 was destined to take on the kingdom's final burden and face the most dangerous enemy in his life, Saladin.
3. The last strong man - the story of a leper In
1161, in the Cathedral of Jerusalem, the Archbishop of Tyre was baptizing a baby. The baby's uncle and godfather, King Baldwin III of Jerusalem, presided over the baptism.
There was a small episode during the baptism. When the king gave his name as a gift to the newborn, one of the king's close ministers made a joke: as the king of a country, it would be too stingy to give only one name to his nephew. Is there any other more formal gift? The king laughed, pointed to the Holy Cross and said, "Then I will give him another gift, King of Jerusalem!" This matter was recorded by the ceremonial officials present. But at the time, no one thought that the king, who was in his prime, would suddenly become ill the following year.
Baldwin was very active as a child, liked to learn to fight, and liked to play games with a military nature with his partners. When he was nine years old, under the guidance of a teacher, he and his partner stabbed each other with wooden sticks, and his partner stabbed him in the left arm. The teacher was surprised to find that although Baldwin's left arm had been bruised and bruised, he still didn't care. At first the teacher thought it was due to Baldwin's natural tenacity, but after asking, he found out that Baldwin actually felt no pain in the stabbing. After the diagnosis and treatment of the court physician, it was confirmed that the nine-year-old prince was suffering from the most terrifying disease at that time, leprosy.
The news that the heir to the throne had contracted leprosy was tightly sealed, but the paper could not cover the fire, and Baldwin had more and more illnesses. Therefore, in the film "Heaven", the image of Baldwin IV we see is not far from the historical reality.
Nevertheless, when Baldwin was eleven or twelve years old, it was no secret among the upper aristocracy that he had contracted leprosy. It always seems to be the providence that if Baldwin's father, Amalric I, lived a little longer, then Baldwin might have died before he could inherit the throne, and he would not have to bear the huge responsibility of the kingdom with a corrupt body. However, in 1174, Naadin suddenly fell ill when he was competing with the newly rising Saladin for the position of Islamic leader, and the ambitious Amalric I (family tradition, always) heard the news and immediately expedition to Egypt, ready to unite Naadin's leadership. The legacy forces dealt with Saladin, but suffered an emergency on the way, had to withdraw and died on the way back.
This year, Baldwin was only 13 years old. According to the traditional aristocratic tradition, 15 years old is the age to inherit the title. Regarding the inheritance of the throne, Amalric, who was in a hurry, didn't have time to leave any legacy. How much can a 13-year-old leper can count on? In spite of this, the high-level parliament in Jerusalem proposed in an emergency meeting that Baldwin succeeded to the throne and formed a resolution by unanimous votes (Cang Nian..., just like the National People's Congress)
When Baldwin was crowned, his illness had to be fully disclosed to everyone. Strangely, after hearing this news, the interior of the kingdom was relatively calm, and not many people ran rampant. Instead, it was the Holy See that brought pressure. Because leprosy was generally believed to be God's punishment for sinners, the Holy See believed that letting a person suffering from leprosy be punished by God. It just doesn't make sense for someone with God's Punishment to rule the Holy Land. But regarding the attitude of the Holy See, the Jerusalem Council ignored it, and the Archbishop of Jerusalem replied to the Holy See that the king is already the king of anointing, please don't doubt the worldly authority and decision of the Lord! So the Holy See rested wherever it was cooler.
Regarding Baldwin's coronation, there is a legend that it is said that during his coronation, an eagle flew into the church, landed directly on the bishop's crown to be crowned, and spread his wings, just forming a cross on the crown. (It seems to be very arrogant)
But always because of the young age of the king, the parliament temporarily appointed a regent, this person is called Raymond, that is, the Tiasas in the film "Heaven", this person is in the kingdom. He has a great position and is the leader of the Knights Hospitaller. In the film "Sky", the Knights Hospitaller and the Knights Templar belong to two different forces. This is in line with historical facts, but in fact, the history of the Knights Hospitaller is more than The Knights Templar has a long history and was directly under the command of Falk during the Falk period, and has many glorious records. In short, Raymond swore allegiance to the king, temporarily regent.
At this point, Jerusalem is about to enter the historical period described in "The Kingdom of Heaven". And the leper king played by Edward Norton will also usher in a time when he has little left in his life, but a glorious time.
In the film "Sky", the time of Barian's appearance is after the Battle of Mongiza, on the eve of the Battle of Hardin, which should be calculated in 1185 or 1186. In fact, Baron Baron appeared in history much earlier than this time. As early as the coronation of Baldwin IV in 1174, Balian and his brother Baldwin (this Baldwin is not the same name as Baldwin, different names) appeared on the stage of history as supporters of Raymond when they elected the regent. Therefore, of course, he was not a blacksmith, but a hereditary aristocrat, and he was a generation higher than Baldwin IV in terms of generation, because in 1177 he married the widow of Amalric I. It's Baldwin IV's mother as his wife, but in the film it was changed to him having an affair with Baldwin IV's sister (actually a sister), which was fun, but unlikely, he wasn't that young, when Baldwin IV died , he was nearly sixty years old (all water fish fainted). He is also called Balian of Eberlin because his domain is in Eberlin.
Now back to the time when Baldwin was on the throne. The veteran aristocrat Raymond is not a Dorgon-like figure who wants to command the world when he has no power. On the contrary, he is a relatively rational or conservative dove, who advocates protecting the territory and protecting the territory, and do not easily provoke the sharp-edged of Saladin. He has at least self-knowledge and knows that he is not Saladin's opponent. In all fairness, he is not even, so who is? Looking back at the boy with leprosy who was wrapped tightly and kept silent under the mask all the year round. All Raymond wanted was peace.
This desire lasted only three years. In 1177, Saladin finally completed the foundation with Egypt as the base camp, Damascus as the center of political and religious unity, and the entire Syrian Islamic world as its wings. Everything is preparing for the capture of Jerusalem. At this time, his desire is unprecedentedly inflated, and he only wants to achieve immortal achievements. In his eyes, the Jerusalem Kingdom after the death of Amalick I has no one who can compete with him. So, in the autumn of 1177, Saladin set off with 30,000 Seljuks.
On the Jerusalem side, after three years, it has been proved that the Regent Raymond does not have the means and ability to control all the forces of the kingdom. He only mastered the Knights Hospitaller, and he failed to master another important force, the Knights Templar. The kingdom has formed another force besides him - the new knight nobles headed by Leonard, and the Knights Templar are the capital in their hands. This Leonard is the man who was beaten by Baldwin with a horse whip in the film "Heaven".
Mr. Raymond is a dove, and Leonard is an out-and-out hawk. For the sake of strategic direction, Raymond maintains his pressure on Leonard by virtue of his identity as the regent. So Leonard has never had the opportunity to provoke the Islamic world. However, they did not know that the king of the desert had long since needed their provocation.
In the autumn of 1177, Saladin's 30,000 cavalry divided into two groups to attack, of which 20,000 attacked the Gaza Strip where the Knights Templar were located (is the place name familiar?), and 10,000 surrounded Ascalon.
With little preparation, Jerusalem was caught off guard from the start. They didn't even get any information beforehand. The result of the mistake in intelligence work was that before the enemy army reached Ascalon, the king was accompanied by a small number of troops to that place and automatically sent the lamb to the mouth of the hungry tiger.
This year, the teenage leper patient was sixteen years old, and he still lived under a mask all day. Three years after he ascended the throne, in the midst of chaotic state affairs, he still had to remain silent. In the choice of national strategy, he also No one thought to ask the opinion of this leper who would die someday. However, no one noticed that the blood and quality of the Baldwin family had been slowly formed in him, and it was about to burn in the short life journey in the future.
It soon became clear to the Seljuks that the king of Jerusalem was being besieged by them in Ascalon. The ecstatic Saladin immediately organized troops to carry out a violent attack on the area, vowing to capture the enemy chiefs alive. The king's knights guarded the monarch calmly and thoughtlessly, determined to fight to the last death. However, at this time, they heard calm and clear instructions from the children behind them. The knights turned and looked at the king in amazement, then bowed and raised their swords, executing the order.
After repelling the attack of the Seljuks, the young tactical genius of Baldwin's family seized the gap between the opponent's organized offensive and led his subordinates to break through. Saladin was furious at the news and sent Mamluk cavalry guards to pursue him, but to no avail.
After breaking through the siege, Baldwin did not retreat to Jerusalem. He sent a messenger and ordered knights from all over the world to come to meet him immediately, and at the same time set out for the station of the Knights Hospitaller. There, he met Leonard, who led the remnants of the Knights Templar to break through. The embarrassed Leonard thought that the besieged king had returned to the sky ahead of schedule, but he never imagined that the king was already deploying a decisive battle. For the first time, he felt the bearing exuded from the silver mask, and for the first time realized the king's right and majesty. So, the king of Jerusalem assembled his main army and met Saladin, who had also gathered his army and came to seize Jerusalem, at Menggiza.
On November 25, the two sides fought. The result ended with the defeat of Saladin, and his Mamluk Guards were almost wiped out. Here is an introduction to what the Mamluk cavalry is. The Mamluk cavalry is from Egypt, but it is not composed of Egyptians, but a slave corps composed of people from Thrace, Macedonia in Greece, Armenia in the Caucasus, Azerbaijan and other places. But this slave corps is not like the others. Mamluk cavalrymen were bought or abducted from their hometown before they were six years old. These boys basically didn't know their family and background. All selected boys were castrated and put into ruthless military training, where their main courses were horsemanship and combat. Typically a third of boys die in the process of adulthood, and survivors are naturally trained to be war machines without family, affection, or even carnal desire.
The defeat caused Saladin to retreat to the east to train his troops. However, the war genius was not willing to be defeated by a weak crown leper. After a one-year break, in 1179, Saladin led an army to attack Leonard and the Knights Templar in Spring Valley. Baldwin immediately brought the army to fight when he heard the news.
The two sides faced off for a long time, and Saladin could not take advantage. The two sides concluded a two-year truce. The king of the desert was finally rejected outside of Jerusalem's realm.
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