This text contains 4800 words and takes 10 minutes to read.
I have never been to the United States,
Never been out of the country,
I don't even have a passport.
Relying entirely on a movie to understand American parliamentary politics,
It's all bullshit.
It's also quite laborious.
<1>
Voting is a meeting that doesn't know the result before you don't participate in the meeting
In January 1865, the American Civil War was coming to an end,
Lincoln planned a major campaign against Richmond,
Assemble the army to attack Wilmington Harbor at night.
From a military level, Lincoln's victory is in sight,
No intention to sign an alliance with the south under the city,
Want to take the biggest victory.
On a political level,
Republican conservatives represent the thinking of most Americans,
Hope to make peace as soon as possible,
Even the North made certain concessions.
Before Lincoln passed the jurisprudence,
freed the slaves,
This is essentially a confiscation of rebel assets.
It will be abolished once the war is over,
At the same time, according to the explanation of the lawyer at the time,
This manifesto only armed the slaves,
not really empowering black people,
It's just not illegal,
It cannot be said that it is a sound law,
In Lincoln's own words,
This is a grey area.
To consolidate this political achievement,
Lincoln and his staff created the 13th Amendment to the Constitution,
Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:
abolish slavery and forced servitude,
except as punishment for a crime.
Morally,
The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution is politically correct,
At the same time, from public opinion,
If this bill passes,
will hasten the end of the war,
Conversely, if the war ends,
There is also no need to write a wartime law into the constitution.
Lincoln knocked on the table at a cabinet meeting,
Ask everyone here to mobilize.
To advance the 13th Amendment to the Constitution,
It is necessary to win over the forces inside and outside the party.
according to rules,
Congress passed the amendment,
Requires more than two-thirds of the House of Representatives to vote in favor,
That is 122 votes in favor.
Through the early efforts of the Secretary of State,
Lincoln won only 56 percent of the vote,
10% more votes.
Lincoln knew that the Republicans were never united,
Even all Republicans voted yes.
It's still 20 votes away.
After the first failed vote to initiate the bill,
The House elected 64 new Democrats,
All Lincoln needed to do was get the 64 Democrats to defect,
Because these 64 Democrats don't have to worry about re-election,
So you can vote according to your own interests,
That is, there is room for technical operations
Of course, some people are very difficult to pry,
If you go to lobby, you also risk getting shot on your back
At that time, Lincoln faced three main forces:
The Republican Party is the Blair family of conservative bigwigs
with the radical Stevens,
Outside the party are Democratic conservatives.
The Blair family hopes to negotiate with the southern government to end the war as soon as possible.
However, the northern government is already in sight of victory, and the peace talks face resistance.
Radical Republicans are demanding more than just Bill Thirteen,
And to give blacks more rights,
This caused a public outcry at the time,
Most Republican conservatives are against it.
Democrats say they can't let Lincoln defend his political gains,
We must do everything possible to prevent the passage of the bill.
Lincoln judged the situation,
Use all permitted means to divide and dismantle the opponent,
A united front within and outside the party was built.
Let's take a closer look at these techniques today.
It should be noted,
This was the way it worked over a hundred years ago.
Now, with America's own partisan struggles,
New restrictive bills are emerging in an endless stream.
There are also many hidden new ways to play,
Here we just cite a few examples.
<2>
face and lining
a sect,
Have face and lining,
Face is responsible for infinite scenery,
Riko is in charge of washing the floor and doing the dirty work.
For these 20 votes,
Lincoln and his cabinet team used four means of political collusion:
1) Party and caucus peace
2) Xu to official position
3) Sedition speech
4) money to buy
1) Party and caucus peace
Blair family,
the actual founder of the Republican Party,
Great family business,
Also an early media mogul,
If the Blairs speak,
The conservative wing of the Republican Party will definitely be on Lincoln's side.
But it's not too early to be profitable,
Lincoln wanted the support of the Blair family,
Need to communicate with the Richmond government as soon as possible,
and signed a peace treaty,
end this war.
After agreeing to this condition,
The Clares will persuade all Republican conservatives,
Passing a bill would end the war.
Lincoln with his young son,
To meet the party boss Blair,
Secretly agreed to Blair's demands for peace talks,
This secret also cannot be told to the Secretary of State and General Durant,
Otherwise the bill will not be passed.
The two are actually a bit of a holiday.
If there is no party support,
Generally, the president also serves one term.
Stevens in the Opposition,
I have a transracial relationship with my black slave maid,
Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee,
Lincoln took the opportunity of the White House dinner,
Invite him to the basement to discuss the tone of the House speech,
Obviously Lincoln didn't want to irritate conservatives,
The other party can't listen to his strategy,
consider it cowardly,
He could only persuade him,
Although we know the direction of true north,
If you go straight in the exact direction,
Will fall into the quagmire, to learn to be flexible.
In the end, both conservatives and progressives chose to vote for it.
Lincoln built a solid interior defense.
3) money to buy
There are many foundations in the United States now.
These foundations are nominally operated by third parties,
In fact, the money of these foundations is spent on the tip of the knife.
For example, directly to a member of parliament as a political contribution,
Or invest in universities,
I hope that university scholars can publish articles that are useful to political opinions.
It's not called corruption.
Americans believe that as long as the process is legal and transparent, it is not corruption.
Lincoln made it clear that he would not give money directly to the congressmen this time.
But paid brokers to lobby.
4) Xu to official position
Here I have to mention the revolving door system evolved in the United States.
As we all know, after the senior generals of the United States retired,
Can go to the military-industrial complex as a director or ceo
Wall Street CEOs can also directly serve as U.S. Treasury Secretary,
It is an inherent tradition to obtain political support through the exchange of official positions.
Secretary Seward himself began to disapprove of the bill,
Admonish Lincoln not to try again,
He also often found opportunities to persuade Lincoln,
This bill is unpopular,
Think let Mr. President go to the House of Representatives,
It's like wrestling in the mud.
At the same time, he warned Lincoln that he wanted to integrate the whole party and then win over foreign parties.
Reaching a united front is extremely difficult.
Any Republican who doesn't participate will be in vain.
Even the GOP would be divided over a single bill.
According to the law at the time,
It is impossible to buy MPs with money.
Lincoln said it doesn't have to cost money,
There are many vacancies in the government.
Can be exchanged by appointment.
Of course the president and the secretary of state can't go out and do this kind of thing in person,
Spread it out?
Seward from his friend,
I found some people who are good at doing shady deals,
Specialists carry out Lincoln's canvassing strategy.
Several brokers were warned not to mention the secretary of state and the president,
After that, the accounts will be burned.
The lobbying target is the weak-willed Democratic lawmakers,
Brokers claim that a few thousand dollars can get a congressman,
After all, $700 can buy two sturdy black slaves.
Of course they can't really spend money,
Only in exchange for jobs.
When they discussed in the House of Representatives,
Secretly observe the expressions of each member,
guess what everyone thinks,
Develop a battle plan.
Some MPs were expressionless.
Some are outraged
Some scratch their ears and cheeks,
eating fingers, very nervous
Some silently play with their pocket watches,
Untie your buttons one by one and tie them up,
These are all signs of weakness,
weak-hearted people,
Sooner or later you will be fooled.
They operate in two ways,
Make sure the other side votes for it,
increase the molecule,
Or make sure the other side abstains.
Decrease the denominator of the total.
Broker's initial goal is to find 20 more Democrats out of 64
The first time I checked the platoon, I found that 39 people could not be persuaded.
Some of their family members are serving in the southern government,
He is also a slave supporter.
Of the remaining 25 people,
Brokers rely on strong contacts and professional ground-pushing skills,
In banks, streets, pubs, museums, etc.,
Chase down and sell this bill
In the end, only 11 people were managed.
Some of them were given the position of local tax officer,
Some of the chips are the Pennsylvania government earnings actuary position.
It's a small success.
Lincoln found that it was still a little too hot,
Further goals and plans were agreed with the brokers in person.
2) Political coercion
When the Democrats found their insiders were bought by Lincoln's political brokers,
He was interviewed immediately.
Hawkins,
was promised the chief of the local post office,
It was also fat at the time.
Here, the whips denounced the traitors in the empty office of parliament,
He also threatened to let everyone know about and spurn the behavior.
The effect of being interviewed is obvious.
Hawkins would rather give up his position than bear the infamy of being a traitor.
Political parties in the United States are very loose,
Party policies want to be implemented,
Need to rely on the party whip.
How to implement it?
That is, the whip before the vote,
Use various means to ensure that the votes meet the requirements of the party leader.
Surely Democrats will coerce, but Republicans won't?
Lincoln secretly ordered the radical tycoon Stevens to meet someone,
Kovros, a Democrat who is about to lose his seat
Stevens said a few words,
terrified Kovros,
and income under his command,
Kovros agreed to switch to the Republican Party,
And voted for the bill.
5) sensational speech (mouth escape)
The United States is extremely politically correct.
It has its own selection and training system for political elites.
It has gradually evolved into a team of writers who are talking about misleading the country.
The U.S. government has long employed a large number of writers on the news front,
Writing various speeches for various political figures,
Eton College had a topic in 2011,
If the British government cracks down on the demonstrators and kills 20 people,
how to write an essay,
It is necessary and reasonable to convince the people that the government acts.
Lincoln had a private meeting with several Democrats at night,
With the ability of mouth cannon,
convince these MPs that
You are right to vote yourself,
January 9, the first House debate,
Opposition Democratic representatives believe the bill will not bring peace,
Moreover, there is a big gap between the speeches of MPs and ordinary debates.
The speaker wanders around while speaking,
It's like an out-of-the-box talk show.
It's just that the talk show is to make everyone laugh,
Political speeches are meant to silence the other side.
Speaker, see which opposition is a personal attack,
Wear a few big hats to your opponent first,
To name a few more appalling numbers,
mixed with irrelevant causality,
It is worthless to refute the opponent's point of view.
The two sides quarreled from legal wars to God and the laws of nature,
The result was a complete scolding of each other.
The ladies who were in attendance were going to cry when they saw such a scene.
If the parliamentary rhetoric fails, it will desperately delay the vote,
The Democrats throw the news that the South has sent an envoy,
The peace talks are imminent, and there is no need for the bill to exist.
Lincoln opened his eyes and said nonsense,
Write a letter denying the existence of an envoy.
Lincoln finally got his wish,
The bill ended up with 8 abstentions.
56 votes against,
119 votes in favor,
More than two-thirds of downlines,
Just two votes.
<3>
"All men are created equal,
It's just that some people are more equal than others. "
Lincoln's ultimate goal,
The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution finally passed,
Not only did he get votes from within the Republican Party,
Also got a lot of Democratic votes.
What compromises and persistence did Lincoln make?
He put down his face and reconciled with his opponent,
Coaxed his teammates,
Using the method of rubbing the ball,
In the end, this just cause was achieved.
Many people say that public opinion is correct,
But in parliamentary politics, not necessarily,
Take the liberation of black slaves, for example.
The majority of parliament at the time did not support slavery.
But if black people are allowed to obtain human rights in the legal sense,
More than half of the people disagreed.
Does this mean that,
Are most people racist?
Is this a victory for American democracy?
Of course, I still have to say,
so-called democracy,
It's just a game in a small circle,
Black people are an important core of the entire bill,
There was no chance at all to speak out about his own destiny.
Here, I would like to point out,
Racism is an important part of the core of European and American culture,
The core of racism is that by finding differences,
Artificially created class barriers out of thin air,
Finally, the construction of the exploitation system is completed.
As we all know, European history is a regional black history.
The palm-sized place has hated each other for thousands of years.
Recently, the United Kingdom tossed out of the European Union, which shows that,
Racism has divided Europe,
The more points, the finer the points.
This is why the Nazis massacred the Jews,
Americans kill Indians.
They believe that all men are created equal,
But the definition of this "person" is limited to Caucasians,
Even Anglo-Saxons only.
Tian Pujun recently knelt down and licked the old British gentleman,
I feel that the attention of the rich is the representative of culture,
But if you carefully study the history of old European and American capitalists,
Basically they made their fortunes in the opium and slave trade.
When it comes to racial issues,
White American politicians will start to double standards.
They don't recognize blacks, yellows, Mexicans as people,
I don't even want to give rights to people other than white people,
For white people,
There are also various thresholds set up.
Or an insurance measure,
It is guaranteed that the core of power is only in the hands of a few families.
they could free black slaves,
But it is unacceptable that blacks have the same social identity as them.
This is normal.
<4>
Storytellers don't need logic
late at night,
Lincoln sat on the rail of the drill field,
watching,
Soldiers one by one,
tell his experience before him,
Recite the famous speech that the people enjoy the people and rule the people,
you can't tell,
Helpless is written in his back,
Still perseverance.
Lincoln,
He is tall and tall,
The back is hunched badly, but the back is straight.
skinny, with curly hair,
talk to people,
Often staring straight into each other's eyes.
He is by no means a shallow-eyed person.
Even if I hear the people's painful complaints,
See the tragic battlefield,
There will be no tears.
It's time to be very nervous
I like to tell awkward jokes.
Let some people who initially come into contact with him be puzzled,
It even made some people, such as cabinet members, furious.
Of course, these little stories,
In the end, it can always interrupt the other party's train of thought.
Take control of the chat.
Lincoln was by no means a good-natured man,
If someone starts arguing or disagreeing during a meeting,
Lincoln would also slap the table in a fit of rage.
He did not allow his subordinates to disagree with the entire policy line,
especially at the last minute,
He said that as a president, he has the supreme right,
The subordinates must do whatever it takes to get the ticket.
His opponents say he is a dictator,
It was King Abraham I.
His comrades said he was acting in a sloppy way,
rarely make decisions.
His son said he was a shirk,
Thinking about his people,
When father and son quarreled about joining the army,
A slap in the face of his son.
After his wife died of illness, his youngest son
always nervous and suspicious,
often quarrel with him,
He said it was long overdue to put his wife in a lunatic asylum.
He said,
Everyone needs to take their own part,
to reduce the burden on each other.
Pyramid Principle,
The emphasis is on the conclusion first.
story thinking,
On the contrary,
In political propaganda,
After people hear your conclusion,
I don't want to hear your next sentence at all.
politician,
It should be Lincoln.
tell some stories,
Let people follow him.
In fact,
Lincoln was a very visionary,
A person who becomes a big deal
someone accused him,
Said he pardoned too many deserters,
He said the war was about to end,
one more corpse,
What's the point of having more corpses?
Yes,
If you can't change the people around you,
What's the point of having so much logic?
If an asteroid hits Earth tomorrow,
Logical dinosaurs and illogical dinosaurs,
will die.
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