Quoting the requirements of graduate degree, let's take a look at what content is included in the creative analysis of the sound direction with higher professional requirements:
On the basis of understanding the basic methods of film sound creation and having certain experience in film sound creation (including simultaneous sound pickup, sound editing, sound effect production, foley, mixing, etc.), through multiple forms, multiple types and The required film sound creation practice, master the crafts and methods of film sound creation, and conduct in-depth research on its unique creation methods and techniques, and have a complete and high-level independent creation ability of film sound.
Examine the basic theory and practical creative ability related to film sound creation:
1. Candidates are required to understand the history of Chinese and foreign films, as well as the main basic theories of film and film sound (including but not limited to: André Bazin, Sergei Eisenstein, Siegfried) Siegfried Kracauer, Béla Baláz, Jean Mitr, Christian Matz, Michel Chion ) Et al.).
2. Master the main basic theories of film sound technology (including but not limited to) such as: recording acoustics, digital audio, sound synthesis, sound processing equipment (including equalization, compression, reverberation, etc.), microphones, workstations, equipment system environment, etc. The principle/structure/basic method of use.
3. Have a relatively in-depth understanding and rich practical experience in the current domestic film/TV sound creation methods and processes, including: simultaneous recording, sound editing, foley, effect production, mixing and other technical and technological links. Foreign advanced film sound production standards, craftsmanship, creative methods and methods, and can comprehensively use the above knowledge to conduct in-depth research, analysis and judgment on film sound creation cases.
That is, overall project planning and management, overall design, sound design, music design, language design, process selection, platform construction, and final mixing.
The above content is a noun-" sound design " in a nutshell .
This includes the content of craftsmanship, as well as the content of art, as well as some business content that is inevitable in actual operation. Fortunately, we usually understand the learning process, so we don't need to touch the last item, but for a mature sound creator, this is quite important. This article only talks about art and technology, which is equivalent to a college level of practice.
For practical operations, not everyone has the opportunity to participate (in fact, this area is indeed very scarce in China. For example, there are only five registered folios registered by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, and only 17 people are skilled in the operation in the country), but how much should be Understand a little bit. I believe that from our generation, the professionalism of film and television work will increase a lot. This is also the original intention of the work done by this account, which can at least improve the aesthetic professional level of some audiences.
"The most difficult thing in sound creation is control, not performance."
Okay, after talking about the basic theory, let's analyze the fragments of the film "Schindler's List".
"Schindler's List"-the doorway of movie sound modeling
◎ Video introduction:
In 1993, Steven Spielberg directed "Schindler's List" (Schindler's List). The film is based on "Schindler's List" written by Australian novelist Thomas Kennelly. It profoundly exposes the horrific crimes of the German fascists' slaughter of Jews. With its extremely high artistic quality, it became the world's most eye-catching film in 1994. Film.
The content of the film is adapted from real historical events: German entrepreneur Oskar Schindler (Oskar Schindler) opened a factory during the Second World War and used cheap labor during the war to make profits. But in the process, he slowly felt the cruelty of the war, the ruthlessness of the Nazis, and the brilliance of humanity began to show in him. Inspired and helped by his assistant Stan, Schindler went bankrupt and protected more than 1,200 Jews from being killed by fascists. At the end of the war, Schindler was penniless and wanted. More than a thousand survivors voluntarily signed him to prove his innocence. The descendants of later generations are also grateful to remember Schindler's great feat.
In the 66th Academy Awards in 1994, "Schindler's List" won the best picture, best director, best adapted screenplay, best art direction, best photography, and best film without any controversy. Seven awards for editing and best music.
◎ Fragment plot:
The main fragment discussed in this article is the scene from 3 minutes 23 seconds to 10 minutes 12 seconds-"Schindler's Social Means", and analyzes the contextual content. In this story of less than seven minutes, there are 61 shots in total, 9 of which are close-up shots of Schindler carefully preparing for social interaction, and 52 of Schindler’s entry into the club, opening up the relationship with Nazi officers, paying attention to observation, Step-by-step implementation of your own entrepreneurial preparation plan.
◎ Music:
Before Schindler's appearance, it was the scene of the Nazi statistical list of Jewish personnel in Krakow. Accompanied by the melodious violin music, each name was written down. We are familiar with that period of history. We know the purpose of the Nazi statistical list. In contrast, this history of the tragic fate of the Jews is even more heartbreaking.
However, this is also the director's clever transition technique. When typing on a typewriter, this violin soundtrack is passive music. At 03 minutes and 23 seconds, Schindler appears (partially), and there is a radio in the screen, which is the sound of the violin song. On the other hand, the picture music has changed from passive to active. The use of this sound bridge strengthens the continuity between the scenes and connects two different time and space. When we interpret the film, we can also instantly associate the "list" with Schindler, cutting into the theme at the beginning of the film.
At the same time, in the scene in which Schindler appeared, the leisurely and contented musical emotions that seemed like a peaceful age gave the audience a subconscious feeling. At this time, Schindler did not have a deep understanding of the cruel reality. He only cared about his own. Interests and desires. The voice plays an indispensable role in the depiction of the character's mood. This paved the way for Schindler's subsequent transformation and strengthened the dramatic appeal before and after the film. With the progress of the film, the emotion of the soundtrack has become heavier, more serious, and even a little sad, which echoes the growth of the characters and also assists in shaping the inner image of the characters.
With the black and white photography, the heavy and stable composition, the music also chooses classical and traditional orchestration and styles, which is pertinent in shaping the sense of the times.
In the "social" scene, several highly popular tunes were selected. For example, a piece of tango dance is called "Por Una Cabeza" ("One Step Away"-composed by the famous Argentine TANGO musician Carlos Gardel. Many movies have Have used it before, such as "Smelling Fragrance and Knowing Women"). The endless joyous music did not overwhelm the audience at all, but the selected music in this section was more carnival than the other, and finally ended in the Nazi military song cantata, directing the source of all carnival to the cruel war iron hoof.
At this point, the sound bridge technique once again appeared. A Polish boy rushed in front of the Nazi army and marched forward collectively. In this camera, the song sung by the officers in the previous scene was continued. We deeply feel the tragic fate of the Jews.
The violin player used in the film is Yitzhak Perlman. In this film, he collaborated with the film composer John Williams to bring unparalleled works of art. Their work contributed to the success of Schindler's List.
◎ Audio:
The club is full of all kinds of noisy sounds, but they have a sense of hierarchy. And depending on the directivity of the lens, the sound effect of a certain target is placed in the auditory "foreground". The former guarantees the authenticity of the film presentation, while the latter reflects the author's subjectivity.
For example, Schindler had just taken a seat, with a cigarette between his fingers, and looking somewhere, the waiter was discussing who this extraordinary newcomer was.
He was looking at one of the people in the table. At this time, the most important thing we heard was the waiter's dialogue. Other than the obvious music, the sound effects of crowds, tables and chairs pulling, and people walking around were all faint and nonexistent.
Then the camera turned, and over Schindler's shoulder, we saw a lady where he was looking. Suddenly, a slutty laugh from a woman in social situations came out. This is the subjective treatment of the director. Our protagonist is a handsome man who pays attention to women. This is clearly expressed. This is a characteristic of the character.
However, as the camera moved horizontally, followed by a shot of Schindler's gaze moving, we saw his real target-two Nazi officers at the same table with the lady.
At this time, the woman’s laughter weakened and replaced the sound effects surrounding the military officer’s events, such as the voice of a female photographer taking pictures of the military officer.
Then, the photographer began to take pictures. With the click of the shutter button, Schindler’s eyes fell on the rank of each officer’s uniform. At this time, the sound of the flashing light mirrored Schindler’s attention. He really What matters is the size of the officers' ranks in the club. He stared at his prey like a falcon, just to achieve his own goals. A few shots matched the sound, and Schindler's shrewdness and drill were shaped.
It is not easy to achieve this. First of all, the director and the main creative staff must have a comprehensive design of the sound elements involved in the scene when making the storyboard. Generally speaking, modern movies except for music films will use simultaneous recording and post-production. The way of recording. In this case, the main actors will usually be equipped with strong directional microphones during shooting, and they must also be equipped with wireless microphones to facilitate the later ADR (automatic dialogue replacement). Noise must be avoided when picking up the sound on the spot, and the sound at the shooting scene is not a choiceless use. For example, the music sound in this scene, although it is an active sound in the narrative time and space, should be specially recorded and distributed later. Special sounds need to be onomatopoeia and supplementary recording in the later stage, such as women’s laughter and the sound effects of taking pictures mentioned above, so that the sound produced will be particularly pure, easy to process and stand out.
When it comes to the final mixing stage, in order to handle such sound content, there may be dozens of audio tracks that need to be processed in Pro Tools. Only by fully grasping it in advance can you know how to handle the sound of each shot.
◎ Language:
In this scene, Schindler seldom spoke at first, and looked scheming and thoughtful. But later, when he began to "make hands" with the officers, he was extraordinary, good-mannered, and full of humor and self-confidence when speaking, and the content of what he said was full of education and taste. If we hadn't seen him rummaging through the cabinets and liquidating the cash in his hand at first, we were afraid that he would be confused by him just like the officers, this guy looks like he has a lot of background! Is he very background? Is he rich? I can't act rashly!
Therefore, all the officers were dealt with by Schindler, and they all drank and sang and took photos with him. And Schindler's purpose is also here, to have a good relationship with them, so as to obtain cheap labor for his own capital accumulation while the Nazi cleanup movement is in progress.
The Nazis who trampled on the European continent were unscrupulous, indulged in recklessness, and talked freely. I don't know what Schindler's calculations are, but he is blindly immersed in the indulgence of wine and meat. While eating and drinking, they cursed the Jewish state in vulgar language, and they also portrayed the ugliness of the Nazis.
This belongs to the design of language. From the content of the language to the way of language expression, with the help of auxiliary language (demeanor, tone, gesture, etc.), actors express the language through voice, shape the character of the character, and promote the development of the plot. In terms of weight, character dialogue is very important in dramas.
◎ Concluding remarks:
The famous actor Lu Liang raised a question, like the performance of the actors in "Schindler's List", there is nothing very special about it after careful study. Our actors can also do it, but why can't we make such a movie?
I think the answer is that film is a comprehensive art, not only does a good performance make a good actor. It also includes the joint efforts of all other staff, producing, directing, screenwriting, photography, art, costume, and of course sound creation. Therefore, we have to keep learning and diligently to get better and better.
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