The origin of disorder, anxiety and crime family identity: a small fresh story interesting end
- "Catch" film critic
College of Central China Normal University, Chen Chi 2011210773 Psychological Foundation 15 classwork teacher Wang Wei
Durkheim in the study of modern society During the turmoil, violence, and degeneration of, from the perspective of the nature of society, it revealed the social facts neglected by rationalist thinkers since the 17th century: society is a ritual order, a collective conscience based on people’s interactive emotions ( Based on collective conscience), starting from this, he began to discuss a very profound issue: the irrational basis of rationality. Durkheim pointed out that society is only built on a common moral foundation, not on rational self-interest. Therefore, Hobbes and Rousseau’s social contract can only be a theoretical fiction, not a social reality. Contracts can only be established after the establishment of society, not before. Society cannot be constructed through rational agreement, because in order to reach an agreement, each participant must trust each other to abide by the contract.
This proves that there must be a solidarity before the contract, or "precontractual solidarity" (precontractual solidarity). And what builds this kind of unity is not intellectual unity, but some kind of shared emotion. He called it collective conscience, or collective consciousness. Collective consciousness is not some unspeakable group spirit that hangs above us, but our sense of belonging to a certain group. In Hayek’s words, social facts reach our minds through social interactions that we run into each other. Refactoring. We all enjoy the sense of belonging to the collective, and because of this sense of belonging, we feel that we are obligated to act in accordance with the requirements of the collective moral laws. In an isolated cave, we share the same view of right and wrong, the same aesthetic view, and the same view of diet, all related to the sense of belonging to the collective.
This sense of belonging is built through a collective ritual of a group of people. When people gather together to participate in a common ritual and focus their attention on a common object, people’s psychology thinks that their feelings and thoughts are in The group then circulates, forming a mysterious power, and finally surpassing the mortal. When they focus their attention on this and know that others are doing the same, the ideas they hold together are transformed into their world, and the individual is integrated into society. That is to say, the moral concept that our society depends on is not like Kant or Neo-Confucianism. Transcendental exists in the individual and manifests itself as conscience, but the transcendental exists before the individual, but it is empirical. Exist in human beings.
Generally speaking, whether a person is closely integrated into society is positively related to whether he is likely to commit a crime. The meaning of personal life is given by society. When individuals are isolated from society, they may commit crimes. When individuals are fully integrated with social groups and their desires and ambitions are regulated by social norms, they are unlikely to commit crimes. Anthropological experience tells us that the construction of collective rituals must be in the civic groups exemplified by Oakeshott, such as churches, communities, guilds, schools, and so on. For this reason, the disorder of moral order often means the destruction of collective rituals. The family is the most natural civic group and the place where we accept collective rituals the most. Here we are domesticated by morals, but this is a double domestication. In a family in a non-changing society, the collective rituals accepted by individuals are both social. It is also a family, forming a social and family identity. I am the heir of my parents, I am a legal citizen of this society, and I abide by public order and good customs. .
The film Catch Me If You Can (2002) is a perfect testament to the above theory. The anxiety of the family has led to the disorder of identity and the origin of crime. The protagonist of the story, Frank (Leonardo DiCaprio), is the youngest wanted criminal in the history of the FBI. He was originally born in a happy and happy upper-class family, which is a classic American-style old family. His father was a soldier who participated in World War II. After retiring, he went into business and succeeded in his local career. He was accepted as a life member by the local squire club. His mother and father were married in France during the Second World War and had a sweet relationship. In such a beautiful family, Frank will naturally not become a bad boy. In the integration of society, Frank's identity is as solid as a stone, and the identity of family and society is the same. But when social conditions change, people's moral values will change. With the failure of his father’s business and family bankruptcy, his parents were emotionally disagreeable and eventually divorced. The mother chose to marry his father’s friend, a rich man, and proposed Frank's custody. When the lawyer handed an agreement to Frank and asked him to make a choice, the social order that Frank had relied on collapsed completely. Both parties were close relatives of his own and had no choice at all, so Frank chose to leave home. Run away. With the disorder of the social order on which Frank originally lived and lived, the collective rituals of constructing a person to become a member of the society and become a legal citizen disappeared, his awe of maintaining the general morality of our society naturally also The rain beats the wind. On the road to run away from home, in order to survive and even live a better life, Frank relentlessly gave up Ulysses’ self-restraint, chose the path of transcendence, and shredded the legal ethics he originally identified with. , Pretending to be a North American Airlines pilot, using his superb acting skills and clever mind to create fake invoices, thus accumulating a large amount of ill-gotten wealth, and will come to arrest his own FBI agent Karl (Tom Hanks Tom Hanks) Hanks) playing with applause.
However, it should be pointed out that although Frank gave up the identity of social citizens, he did not choose to give up the identity of family members. On the contrary, Frank gave up his identity as a social citizen in order to maintain his identity as a family member. This was from the fact that he kept communicating with his father during the cheating journey, telling him an experience that was obviously inconsistent with the facts: he entered North American Airlines after running away from home, became a pilot of this company, and earned a lot of money every month. , So as to be able to support his father, in order to try to make a comeback, and then restore the broken family. In his daily correspondence, Frank often told his father about his experience in North American Airlines, so that his father believed that he was a legitimate and serious person. Frank's behavior is still the construction of a collective ritual, which is connected with the common family identity of father and son, but the above is only the first level of representation. When we interpret this text, we cannot ignore the fact that Frank's father has found unreasonable clues. , Zhizi Mo Ruofu. However, Frank's father gave up the correction of Frank, and instead chose to carry out the collective ceremony with Frank that Frank was trying to maintain and integrate each other into this micro-social system. It's not that the father is greedy for money, but that it comes from a father's love, or spoiling. Although it is contrary to the social order, it is out of order from a social point of view. But it is still in order to put people in their natural state. Communication as a sign is a two-way collective ritual. I know that you know that I know, so I know your behavior, and expect you to know what I did after knowing your behavior, and then act. This is why when FBI agent Carl broke into his father's house and tried to investigate, his father first fabricated a lie that Frank did run away from home, but he actually concealed his age and went to Vietnam to fight for the country. When the lie was exposed by Karl, Frank's father told Karl that as a father, he would always favor his son. Frank and his father used a collective ritual to fulfill the daily behavior rules stipulated by the social order, and performed deviance behaviors that were essentially contrary to the order, and finally reached a micro-social order—the re-establishment of the family order.
This is the second level of representation of the text, and there is another level of representation. From the perspective of social psychology, although the form of the collective conscience formed by collective rituals has changed, it has always existed in our society and constituted the hidden order of our society. What can prove its existence is the unusual behavior that abounds in our society. Because in these behaviors, the social order is the most vivid manifestation. Any kind of unusual behavior, such as murder, rape, and fraud, will arouse the indignation of many people after being disclosed, especially the direct interests of these people have not been touched. The reason is that this offends not the interests of individual individuals, but the collective conscience itself. Because of common common rituals, such as observing laws and regulations, people have an irrational subordination relationship with society that has nothing to do with personal interests, and then observe and maintain the collective conscience formed here. Once the ritual is destroyed, ritual punishment must be implemented to restore its purity. This is why the public is concerned about court trials, even if the death penalty does not deter violent crimes, they should support the death penalty. Among the public, the punishment of the law mainly embodies the ritual function rather than the practical function. The people connected with the collective ceremony support the ceremony to maintain the collective feelings of the heart. Frank’s unusual behavior did not escape the hidden order. We grew up in a moral society. Although we performed unusual behaviors, we were still in a society that maintained moral order rather than an immoral dark forest. He acquiesced in the legitimacy of the moral order rather than just the legitimacy. When he rebelled against the order, he would not only worry about the punishment of the order, but also lonely, because he was an odd person in Foucault's writings. Fromm pointed out in his psychology book "Escape from Freedom" that people always have the need for a sense of security and a sense of collectiveness. Therefore, when people quickly get rid of the "primitive relationship" of dependence, they will unconsciously seek the knot. To form a new dependent relationship, to escape freedom, or freedom of freedom. Rebelling against the daily social order without feeling lonely and sinful. In the known experience of human society, there are only Nazis and communist fighters, because they are constructing a new teleological social order that is different from the past. (For this discussion, please refer to Solzhenitsyn’s novel "Gulag Islands". When I was in high school, because of this book, I had an insight into the disobedience of ordinary behavior.) From a human psychological point of view, Frank borrowed performance The unusual behavior of normal behavior rules reflects his silent loneliness. After all, he was not an adult when he ran away from home, and his heart was always lingering about the anxiety of recasting the family. This is also why Frank will actively call his opponent Carl every Christmas, because Carl is the only person who can communicate with him, he already knows his unusual identity. The anxiety of recasting the family, the disorder of social identity, and the loneliness after rebellion led to Frank’s emotional transfer. He even had an emotional connection with his mortal enemy Karl. In Frank’s subconscious, he unconsciously controlled Karl Treating him as a dependable father gave birth to emotional faking and substitution, because Karl and his father were of the same generation, and he was the only person who knew each other in his ordinary life. He didn't dare to expose his identity to others. In other words, Karl is the father in his usual identity. And because of family disharmony, his only daughter lives with his ex-wife. Therefore, during the days of arresting Frank, he felt pity for Frank, who was still a child, and unconsciously regarded him as his nephew. Therefore, the fixed call at Christmas every year, on the one hand, reflects the opposition between the police and the bandits in the social order, on the other hand, it is the establishment of the family in the hidden order/unusual order.
Out of the desire to get rid of loneliness and the hot pursuit of the police, Frank no longer pretended to be a pilot, but changed his name and changed his surname, pretending to be a medical student from Harvard University, and took a job in a hospital, and fell in love with the nurse here. This girl was born. From a devout Lutheran family, he was banished from the family because he had an abortion. Frank took the girl to propose to her parents and was successfully accepted into the family. He even used his clever mind to study law by himself for three weeks and passed the bar exam and became his father-in-law's assistant. In this family with a prominent religious atmosphere, Frank succeeded in alleviating family anxiety to a certain extent and tried to reintegrate into the normal order of society. Psychology tells us that people participating in rituals in religious gatherings are the easiest to generate a sense of identity for collective order. As mentioned earlier, Christians collectively sing hymns and read the Bible, creating a special atmosphere, allowing individuals to integrate into the collective, forming a collective consciousness, identifying with the collective, and forming a common collective based on common experience. The norms are incorporated into the behavior order, and the collective morality is abided by. Therefore, if I want to be anti-human, the first thing I will do is to destroy the dominant religion in the region.
Unfortunately, this attempt by Frank failed in the face of Karl's arrest, and Frank had to flee abroad. Although Frank fled throughout Europe, it made Carl unable to grasp where he would eventually settle down, but Carl relied on his psychological grasp to find Frank in the hometown where Frank's mother met his father, and finally arrested him and brought him to justice. This is another climax of Frank's family anxiety in the film, but it is more obvious that it is still to come. When Frank learned from Carl that his father had passed away on the day he was arrested, his original identity tended to be shattered and his life was suddenly lost. Direction, so when the plane that extradited him back to the United States just landed, he slipped away and instinctively went to his mother to try to evoke the past family symbols to fill the meaning of life that collapsed at this time. However, when he was in front of his mother’s house and saw his mother happily living with a new family and giving birth to a lovely daughter, Frank’s meaning in life completely collapsed, so he stopped running away and was driven by Karl. Arrested and brought to justice.
But the director Spielberg is a small and fresh person, he never gives the audience a tragic story. At the end of the film, Frank started looking for a new identity after the destruction of the old order, and had an emotional connection with his old rival, Carl. In the past arrests, he regarded Carl as his father and Carl as his son. In the end, Carl released him on bail and asked him to work for the FBI to atone for his sins. The two of them have loved the father and son, a family of hidden order/unusual order, and they have become a family in the sense of normal order. A young man's anxiety about recasting his family led to a disorder of identity, and thus embarked on the road of crime. In the end, under the instruction of the justice party, he changed his mind and served justice from then on, forming a new identity, and Hollywood's vulgarity ended in a happy ending.
Although the ending of the film is Ah-Q-style small freshness, we can still see a truth: human behavior is partly shaped by the social environment—family, organization, community, race, and historical era. Although crime is a personal act, it is deeply affected by the external social environment in which the individual lives, because crime is more of a social fact. A large number of facts and statistics show that human crime is not mainly determined by the inner nature of the individual, but by the external reasons that dominate the individual's behavior.
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