Tesla
Tesla (Nikola Tesla, 1856—1943) was born in Smilian, Croatia, and later joined the United States. In his early years, he worked in the Edison Company of Continental Europe in Paris. Due to his creative work, he was transferred to the Edison Electric Research Center in the United States to work with Edison (1847-1931).
He invented the alternator. Later, he founded Tesla Electric Company, engaged in the production of alternators, motors, and transformers, and conducted research on high-frequency technology, and invented high-frequency generators and high-frequency transformers. In 1893, he made an excellent performance with alternating current at the World Exposition held in Chicago, and used the "Tesla coil" he made to prove the advantages and safety of alternating current.
In 1889, Tesla implemented a high-voltage power transmission experiment from Colorado Springs to New York in Columbia, USA. Since then, AC power has entered the practical stage. Since then, he has also been engaged in the research and development of high-frequency electrothermal medical equipment, radio broadcasting, microwave transmission of electric energy, and television broadcasting.
To commend him for achieving 200 kV and 57.6 m overhead high-voltage power transmission results as early as 1896～1899, and making the famous Tesla coil and his contribution to the alternating current system, at the time of his centennial (1956) International Electrotechnical Association Decided to use his name as the unit of magnetic induction.
In the International System of Units, the unit of magnetic induction intensity is Tesla, abbreviated as Te, and the symbol is T. When a 1-meter-long wire perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field passes a current of 1 ampere and the force of the magnetic field is 1 Newton, the magnetic induction intensity at the place where the energized wire is located is 1 Tesla. Generally, the magnetic induction intensity near permanent magnets is about 0.4-0.7 tex. In the cores of motors and transformers, the magnetic induction intensity can reach 0.8-1.4 tex. The magnetic induction intensity of strong current passing through superconducting materials can reach 1000 tex. The magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field is only about 0.5*10 to the -4th power.
Born
on July 10, 1856 in Smithley Young, not far from Guspiqi; on January 7, 1943, he died in the "New Yorker" Hotel in New York.
Educational background
legend, this engineer in his own Born Smily Young and Gespiqi went to elementary school; he graduated from Lakovac in Karlovac in middle school. Tesla loved reading, playing cards and raising birds in middle school. And in his life thereafter Everyone raises birds. Nikola Tesla improved an old mill on the Wagnerz River near his home when he was 6 years old.
After graduating from high school, Tesla suffered from cholera for two years. After that, in 1875, he Regardless of his parents' wish to become a pastor, he entered the Comprehensive Technical College in Graz. Five years later, he was admitted to the Department of Technology of Charles University in Prague. However, due to economic reasons, he worked a year later and did design in Budapest. Engineer. He participated in the construction of a new call center there, and improved the phone equipment and the sound effect of the phone.
Tesla's life has been
on international sites, and there are countless information about Tesla, which has a huge impact , Surpassing Einstein, formed a unique cultural phenomenon. You can compare the search results of "tesla" and "Einsten" on google. Tesla has 4,480,000 related pages, and Einsten has only 228,000. However, Tesla is a very controversial figure in the world. He has mixed praises and even attributed to a pseudo-scientist.
Tesla is a rare experimental generalist at the beginning of the last century. He has patented achievements in electromechanical engineering, radio engineering, fluid engineering, cryogenic engineering, geophysics, vacuum technology, aircraft technology, etc. All Tesla's patents in various countries, including all his unapproved patents and all various inventions with patent value, add up to more than 700. Tesla is not only a scientist, dedicated to exploring and grasping unknown natural phenomena, but also a skillful man. Some of his experimental achievements, such as the artificial manufacture of fireball lightning, are made with the most advanced equipment used today, and cannot be imitated. come out. Tesla's most valuable achievement is the discovery of the principle of rotating magnetic field, the invention of a multi-phase AC power supply system and an AC induction motor. His most famous invention is the "Tesla coil", which is a distributed parameter high-frequency resonance transformer that can obtain high-frequency voltages of millions of volts. He was one of the first scientists who successfully produced fluorescent lamps and discovered and studied X-rays. He first discovered the ruby laser effect and the point electron microscope effect. Tesla is also the originator of radio remote control. He used the resonant circuit to realize the logic principle of the "AND gate" of the computer, expounded the principle of radar, and was the first to use his self-made high-sensitivity receiver to receive radio pulse signals from outside the sky. , Detected cosmic rays, invented a revolutionary bladeless turbine, and so on.
The circuit and principle of the Tesla coil are very simple, but it is not easy to adjust it to perfect resonance with the environment. Tesla is particularly good at this skill. Tesla later invented the so-called "amplified transmitter", which is now called a high-power high-frequency transmission line resonance transformer, which is used for wireless power transmission experiments. Tesla's wireless power transmission technology is worth a question. Tesla uses the earth as the inner conductor and the earth’s ionosphere as the outer conductor. Through his amplified transmitter, he uses the unique radial electromagnetic wave oscillation mode of this amplified transmitter to establish an approximately 8 Hz frequency between the earth and the ionosphere. Low-frequency resonance uses surface electromagnetic waves surrounding the earth to transmit energy. This system is different from the energy transmission mechanism of modern radio broadcasting, and is similar to the relationship between the alternator and the transmission line in the AC power network. When there is no power receiving end, the transmitter only exchanges reactive energy with the heaven and earth resonant cavity, and the entire system There is only a small amount of active power loss, and if it is a general radio broadcast, all the emitted energy is lost in the space. Tesla has no financial resources to fulfill this claim during his lifetime. Later generations fully confirmed the feasibility of this scheme theoretically, and proved that this scheme is not only feasible, but also extremely efficient, ecologically safe, and will not interfere with radio communications. It just involves worldwide energy broadcasting and free access. Under the existing political and economic system, no one actually cares about this kind of proposition.
Tesla's life was bumpy, and his accomplishments were inseparable from his courage to take risks. He "dare to be the first in the world" and did it to the end, even if there is nowhere to go. His research on extremely high voltages is life-threatening, and he often risked his life to perform various demonstrations. His best game is to let millions of volts of high-frequency voltage pass through his body, showing an amazing discharge effect. During the research, he received electric shocks and large doses of X-rays. When studying the magnetic storm coils, he felt the impact of the magnetic storm on life consciousness, and the same intensity of the magnetic storm could volatilize nearby metal foil without a trace. In his later years, he was hit by a taxi. As far as possible, he still lived to be 86 years old. He died alone in a hotel and was single for life. He dedicated himself to science. At the time of his death, apart from tons of documents and materials, he did not leave any property or last words. It can be said to have come and go without concern, which is very touching. After Tesla's death, his documents were copied by the U.S. government and were classified as top-secret information. For national security reasons, he refused to disclose it to the public.
Tesla was "excluded" from the history of science because he opposed the theory of relativity, insisted on the traditional view of physics, and was incompatible with the booming atomic physics at that time. In addition, he retired in his later years and lived in seclusion. Too popular with orthodox scientific groups, and even dismissed as a liar showing off the magic of the world, his laboratory has also been portrayed as a place for a gloomy medieval alchemist exuding evil spirits. However, the main reason is that in order to realize his most ambitious ambition and realize the global wireless transmission power revolution, he prepared the Wardencliff Broadcasting Tower. Later Marconi took the lead and obtained the first commercial success in radio. As a result, Tesla's plan was still dead, and it owed investor Morgan a huge debt. Morgan used his economic and political skills to order all school textbooks in the United States to delete Tesla's name, which has affected it until now. Later, in recognition of his actual contribution to the AC system, the International Electrotechnical Commission named the international unit system of magnetic induction as Tesla.
Tesla is particularly admired internationally. With his versatile practical achievements, he has set an example for future generations. There are still many people abroad who have explored his lost skills. I think this is closely related to the West's good tendency to attach importance to practice. Tesla opposed the orthodox theory. He always talked about the ingenious experiments he designed instead of talking about theories. Therefore, his interpretation of the results of his experiments was often wrong, but for other scientists, it was often because of this. There are unexpected gains. In today's "organized" society, it is difficult to have a second Tesla-like figure. The high degree of organization in society eliminates the need for people to be generalists with achievements in all fields. Everyone can succeed as long as they follow the rules, cooperate well with others, and play a good role in their own small fields. adventure. It is difficult for organized modern people to identify with Tesla, and Tesla's modern admirers are mostly those who are unwilling to follow the rules. However, under the disharmonious argument that "science is over" within the Western orthodox scientific community, more and more Western scientists have re-recognized that practice is the source of science and the bridge between man and nature, and theory has been separated from the big picture. Natural reality is so far away that it is difficult to move forward. Therefore, in the West, Tesla's previous claims have received more and more attention from the orthodox scientific community, and Tesla's influence can be said to affect the future.
Chronicles of Tesla's Life
1856-At midnight on July 10th, Tesla was born in a family of Serbian clergy in Smi Bay, Lika Province (Austria).
1875-1878-Study at the Graz Technical School.
1882-While walking in a park in Budapest (the capital of Hungary), Tesla discovered a reversible magnetic field.
1883—In Strasbourg he was employed by Edison Continental to manufacture the first induction motor model.
1884—Go to the United States and start working in Edison's laboratory.
1885—Leaves Edison, established his own company and started producing multi-phase AC motors and generators.
1888-On May 16th, a report entitled "Alternating Current Transmission and Alternating Current Motor System" was made at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.
1890-He announced the results of the physiological effects of high-frequency electricity.
1891-Made a report entitled "Experiment of Extremely High Frequency Alternating Current and Its Application in Artificial Wireless Lighting", and applied for a patent for "Star Oscillator of Resonant Transmitter".
1892-Came to London, gave a report entitled "Light Emitting and Other High Frequency Phenomenon" at the Royal Academy of Sciences, gave a report on "Alternating Current Experiments under High Voltage and High Frequency" at the Institute of Electrical Engineers, and made the same report in Paris Report.
1893—Attracted the public's attention at the Chicago World Exhibition. He passed high-frequency current through his body and demonstrated a reversible magnetic field model, the so-called "Tesla's rotating iron egg."
1895-On May 13th, Tesla's laboratory in New York was destroyed by fire.
1897-He registered 20 invention patents in the field of radio engineering technology.
1898-Registered wireless control technology (Experiments with remotely controlled automated dinghy in the lake of New York Central Park, with great success.)
1899-Niagara Hydropower Station was built.
1899-1900-Experiments in Colorado Springs.
1901-1905—Building the Wardenclyffe Tower on Long Island near New York.
1909-1922-He only registered mechanical patents (pumps, flow meters, bladeless turbines).
1943-On January 7th, Tesla passed away at the New York Hotel.
Comment: The Forgotten History of genius - the former Yugoslav scientist Tesla
. Nicolaitan Tesla (Nikola Tesal)
1856 ~ 1943 former Yugoslavia
Tesla and Thomas Edison are contemporary, magnetic induction unit is to him Named, let’s start with the battle between his invention of alternating current and Edison.
Because he admired Edison, Tesla was recommended by Batchelor to join Edison's company in the United States in 1884. Tesla and Edison were born to be incompatible with fire and water, and there was a serious disagreement between them. Edison paid attention to practice and was a person who made inventions through experience; Tesla was the kind of person who paid attention to theory. He felt that Edison’s approach was very stupid. He believed that experiments must be based on theoretical basis, not Like Edison, he did more than 1,000 attempts with a single filament.
Once, Tesla talked to Edison about several potential reforms of the generator. Edison said contemptuously: "If you can do it, you will be paid $50,000." Tesla spent a few months on power generation. After he carried out a reform experiment and installed the reformed accessories into the generator, he was completely successful. When he asked Edison for $50,000, Edison replied: "Tesla, don’t you know that we Americans like to make jokes?" Because Tesla’s talents were too prominent, he was repeatedly persecuted by Edison. Resigned from Edison's company.
In 1880, Tesla invented the world's first AC generator. He firmly believes that AC power will one day provide a wider range of power supply and lower costs. Edison dismissed this idea and didn't want to seriously consider it.
After leaving Edison, Tesla got the support of George Westinghouse and finally led the alternating current to practical applications. In 1888, Tisla successfully built an AC power transmission system. The generator he designed is simpler and more convenient than the DC generator, and his transformer solves the inherent problems in long-distance power transmission. This undoubtedly greatly affected the direct current that Edison vigorously promoted (since Edison had a lot of income on the direct current generator at that time, he was reluctant to conduct other research).
Edison still realized that AC power can reduce costs. This is undoubtedly. Attacking AC power from an economic point of view is bound to end in failure. So, he made a fuss about other aspects of alternating current. He realized that in the last part of the 19th century, the public still had a fear of electricity: Although electricity can bring benefits to human beings, it can also kill people. Therefore, publicizing the danger of high pressure is the most effective way to disturb the public's mind.
Therefore, he issued a booklet entitled "Beware", which listed the so-called dangers of alternating current in detail, and described the use of alternating current as "a waste of effort." Edison also published an article entitled "The Danger of Electric Lights" in North America Weekly, attacking the use of alternating current. He said: "A lighting company that I have been in contact with bought a complete set of patents for AC power systems some time ago. I protested this, and the content was recorded in the company's memo. So far, I have succeeded in persuading them If I don’t promote this system to the public today, even if I agree to promote it, they won’t do it.”
In addition to overwhelming each other in public opinion, Edison also set up a huge laboratory and hired him to prove his arguments. The pupils went to the street to catch kittens and puppies and other animals for experiments, and brutally placed them under AC power and electrocuted them. He also unblocked officials in New York State Prisons, and asked them to agree to change the hanging to electrocution, that is, to use the alternating current electrocution provided by the Tesla patent. On August 6, 1890, a murderer, William Kemler, died while sitting in an AC chair in Auburn. Due to inexperience, the electric charge used by the authorities was too weak, and the prisoner was only half-dead by the electric power. According to media reports at the time, this horrible scene was far more terrifying than hanging. Since then, alternating current has caused fear in many people's minds and has become synonymous with death.
However, practice has proved that alternating current has many advantages, so Tesla was not intimidated by Edison's series of attacks. In order to change the public's impression of alternating current, he hired Pittsburgh journalist E.H. Heinchis as his news consultant. Under the arrangement of E.H. Heinches, Tesla used electricity to pass through his body at a press conference at the Chicago Fair in 1983 One by one was stunned with surprise, and achieved great publicity effects. This changed the public's view of alternating current and brought the world into the era of alternating current.
In 1912, Tesla and Edison were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics at the same time for their contributions to electricity, but both refused to accept the award on the grounds that they could not bear to share the honor with each other.
In addition to outstanding achievements in electric power, Tesla's inventions and discoveries in other areas are also quite amazing. He devoted his life to studying the problem of nonlinearity (that is, the input and output are not proportional). He once said that he can divide the earth into two. As early as 1912, Tesla proposed: "If the vibration of the object is properly combined with the resonance frequency of the earth, it can cause the earth to shake and the ground to rise and fall within a few weeks." In 1935, Tesla A deep well was drilled in the laboratory and steel casing was run in the well. Then, he blocked the well head and input vibrations of different frequencies into the well. What's amazing is that at a certain frequency, the ground will suddenly vibrate strongly and cause the surrounding houses to collapse. Some magazines at the time commented: "Tesla almost razed New York to the ground using an artificially induced earthquake." This is the famous Tesla experiment. This super transmission effect with small input and strong output is called the Tesla effect, which is the key to geophysical weapons, so Tesla is also the founder of ultra-distance weapons.
Not only that, Tesla also invented the Tesla transformer, AC motor, modern computer foundation, wireless communication, solar energy system, radar device, robot, dead light, polygraph, and proposed the concept of electromagnetic radio frequency weapons... these inventions And the discovery has surpassed the science and technology of the time for several eras, and some theories cannot be solved perfectly even with the most advanced science and technology today. After Tesla's death, the US FBI confiscated all his design drawings and experimental works, and the US military has not stopped researching his thesis. This also created a mystery for Tesla.
Although Tesla was born with a prodigy, his destiny was swaying. Tesla's fortunes were rough and his personality was relatively perverse. Therefore, the evaluation of him by later generations was obviously lower than his historical achievements. Tesla died alone in the hotel in 1943.
View more about The Prestige reviews
