"Blade runner" is a classic among the classics. On the one hand, it lays the core problem of all artificial intelligence science fiction films, that is, the question of "how to define a person"; on the other hand, its pioneering "wasteland" visual style has become a classic that has been repeatedly imitated. The white and flawless apple style of "A Space Odyssey" is a wasteland style. But so far, "Bladerunner" has been imitated in both aspects and has never been surpassed. Well, "The Matrix" may surpass it in some respects, but it's only in the first episode.
Of course, the style of "Blade runner" is not all original, Lei Gong himself is the little brother of Kubrick Kushen, "Blade runner" borrowed from "2001 Space Odyssey" in many places. According to Joe Turkel, who played Tyrell, Lei Gong asked him many times at the scene: "How do you think the god of this drama will be filmed?" Turkel once played important roles in the gods of the gods "Road to Glory" and "The Shining". Role. So everyone is a fan of Kushen's brains, and the big brothers can't avoid the vulgarity. Don't look down on anyone.
To summarize briefly, this article discusses a question, why Deckard must be a copy, no matter what Harrison Ford says, he is a copy. There are already a lot of analyses on unicorns, eyes, origami people, and I will not analyze them. My main argument is one point: Deckard is a copy of more interesting than he is not a copy.
The core of film noir
Before starting the analysis, it is necessary to clarify the core of "Blade runner" film noir and why Lei Gong made it into a film noir.
Film noir must have the following elements:
1. Metropolis . Film noir loves big cities. New York, Berlin, and London are all common cities of this type. How about "Blade runner" in the dark and wasteland of Los Angeles in the future?
2. Time background . This is the dusk of mankind and the dawn of clones. It is illogical that the future of human civilization is a barren desert, but the dawn of human civilization from a wasteland is the perfect beginning of the myth.
3. Femme beauty . Sean Young! Not worse than Wang Jiazhi! As soon as she played, I believed Harrison Ford would definitely be reluctant to kill. The styling is based on Joan Crawford, so you can experience it.
4. The male protagonist who is caught in the vortex of eroticism . 4 clones died. One clone is left with 4 clones. It depends on how the tough guy Harrison Ford starts or fails to do it.
5. Tough guy . Most of the male protagonists in noir films are tough guys who are both righteous and evil, most of the time private detectives. This time, Harrison Ford, a tough guy in space science fiction and magic, is a Blade runner. His styling is based on Humphrey Bogart in "Night Dreams". You can experience it. Bladerunner is a cool vocabulary for killing Matt that thunder has racked his brains to invent. You can't even call a detective a profession that kills clones on the wasteland.
6. Enclosed space . Although "Blade runner" has a lot of "outdoor scenes", it can't be seen as outdoor scenes at all. Everything happens under the dark clouds of nuclear winter, which is essentially an indoor scene. All indoor theaters must have blinds. Without blinds and external light sources, is it still called film noir?
7. Criminal elements . "Police" became "accomplices."
8. Black . Can the wasteland wind not be dark?
9. A sense of fatalism . The protagonist in the film noir does not promote the plot, but the person who is engulfed in the vortex of fate driven by the plot, whether Deckard or Rachel, the sense of fatalism here is deeper and becomes a sense of religion.
10. Blurred boundaries . Here Lei Gong is one step closer. It is not the blurring of the boundary between good and evil in the traditional film noir, but the blurring of the boundary between man and copy man as the two species.
So what is the conspiracy that must appear in film noir? That was the conspiracy of Tyrell as the creator. He wanted to start a new era with two clones Adam and Eve-Deckard and Rachel.
Two sides of the blade-how to define a person
"Blade Runner" is the worst title translation I have ever seen, a mess. "Blade runner" how silver and wings? It just sounds cooler and more sci-fi, and it doesn't make any sense. The word Blade reminds me of bright, mirror-like blades. The film does not use "robots" or "bio-humans", but uses "replicators". Humans and replicators are in mirror-like light like mirrors. The two sides of the blade. The copy person can be more perfect mentally and physically. The defect is artificially created. The two sides face each other like knives. This is a film title that is very close to the theme of the film, but unfortunately it was completely ruined by a nonsensical and poor translation. The end of the film is also the intention of a Blade runner. Deckard and Rachel started their escape career. It can also be understood that their subsequent careers are Blade runner, another life of licking blood.
The first scene of the film is a mirror shot. Blade runner Holden and the cloner Leon are sitting on both sides of the table. Holden is testing whether Leon is a clone, and Leon is testing whether Holden is a Blade runner. Both men drew their guns under the table, Leon took the lead and fired, Holden was killed. This scene explains the background. Blade Runner's way of distinguishing duplicators is to observe the pupil's reaction when answering questions. The eyes appear for the first time as a window to the soul in the film. "The Nexus 6 was designed to copy human beings in every way except their emotions. But the makers reckoned that after a few years they might develop their own emotional responses-hate, love, fear, anger, envy. So they built in a fail safe device. "Then if feelings are the criterion to define a person and a copy person, when the copy person has feelings, then is he a human being? According to the standard of Voight Kampff test, they must be eliminated before they develop a relationship. Either the service life expires, or the Blade runner is released, double insurance.
What's interesting is that all the tests in the film are two-way, which is both a test for the cloner and a test for the Blade runner. At the first meeting, Rachel asked Deckard: "Have you ever retired a human by mistake?" Deckard hesitated when answering this question, and then answered "No." Then TYRELL appeared: "Is this to be an empathy test" "Lei Gong played a little trick here. This sentence was clearly for Rachel, but it was Deckard who answered the question.
The results after the test are also intriguing: "She is a replicant, isn't she?" This is a rhetorical question, which means that Deckard is also uncertain. He asked more than 100 questions to come to this conclusion, but generally only 20-30 questions, and the opening of HOLDEN only asked two questions to get the result. The boundary between the copying person and the person has been blurred.
The question of this test is also interesting: "You're watching TV and suddenly you notice a wasp crawling on your wrist." Rachel's answer is "I'll kill it", but I definitely won't, I'm afraid of being stung. The last question: "The guests are enjoying an appetizer of raw oysters. The entree consists of boiled dog." Rachel did not answer this question, but as a Chinese I really can’t answer which one is more interesting. disturbed. There are a large number of messy Chinese characters and Asian elements in the film. Lei Gong obviously knows that eating dogs is no problem in Chinese culture. This makes this so-called Voight Kampff test more like a test of Identity rather than a test of Humanity. .
But the crux of the problem is not whether Rachel is a copy, but she suspects that she is a copy. From a philosophical point of view, when copy people start to think about this problem, they gain free will, they are human, and Pries even directly quoted Descartes' I think, therefore I am.
Four clones appeared in the film, and they all showed human emotions to some extent. They are all human.
Eyes, nerves, brain and body-tools of the soul
Eye contact is the most important body language of human beings. Eye contact inadvertently reveals people's inner thoughts. Therefore, in all cultures, eyes are regarded as the window of the soul. Blade runner also uses subtle changes in pupils to perform Voight-Kampfftest. In some shots, duplicating human eyes will produce a red-eye effect. This is what Lei Gong deliberately did. For this reason, he also deliberately made some scientific and technological inventions. This is also one of the most important evidence that Deckard is a duplication.
The red eye in "Blade runner" is a tribute to the HAL of Kushen "2001: A Space Odyssey" by Lei Gong. Since then, the movie versions of "Western World" and "Terminator" have used red eyes to express robots, and they both inherit from the art style. Since "Blade Runner" instead of "2001: A Space Odyssey", this is the sympathy between the master and the master.
If it is the self-consciousness represented by the snake that guides Deckard on the road to awakening, then it is the eyes that guide the clone to find Tyrell. Roy's first clue is Lao Zhou, a genetic engineer who makes eyes. The eyes of the N6 clone are his masterpieces. "Chew, if only you could see what I've seen with your eyes". This is another Voight-Kampff test that replicates people to people. What has Roy seen?"
I've seen things you little people wouldn't believe...
Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion
C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tanhauser Gate
Since cloners do not have the common sense that humans have, and do not understand the "consensus" and emotions of "human beings" such as "killing wasps, reading core journals, eating dog meat," and so on, humans also do not have the superhuman experience of copying humans. In the film, the eyes or body is only a tool of experience, not worth mentioning with the soul, so in the film, there are disgusting shots of putting hands in liquid nitrogen and boiling water, holding sticky “eyes” everywhere. Lao Zhou designs eyes for Tyrell's products, and he is also Tyrell's eyes. Tyrell has already sensed that the clone is about to come to him, so he will say "I'm surprised youdidn't come here sooner." Tyrell wears a pair of very interesting three-layer glasses, which seems to be a combination of nearsightedness and hyperopia and flat light, suggesting that technology is him. He uses technology to perceive and control the world.
Eyes lead to the brain through nerves. Following the clues provided by Lao Zhou, Roy and Pris found Sebastian. He is the designer of the nervous system of the N6 clone. He can also be said to be Tyrell's nerve. Sebastian is a low-profile version of Tyrill. His hobby is making dolls, "Make some friends". The elevator that leads to Tyrill's room on the pyramid-shaped building is also like a nerve linking the brain. Seeing that the final test of God is intelligence, Roy will die within two steps. Tryill passed the test, proving that the clone surpassed God in all aspects. Tyrell was pleasantly surprised when he met Roy, he finally achieved his goal "More human than human"
Interestingly, eyes are so important, but many humans in the film did not show their eyes. In a dark world under nuclear black clouds, many people walk on the street wearing sunglasses and actively cover the window of the soul. This is because Thunder is implying that the human beings no longer have souls in the future. And Gaff, who has been following Deckard, has a pair of very strange eyes, which look like fake ones. They have not replicated the real ones. He also wears a strange wig, which also implies that humans have lost their souls.
Accompanying the eyes is the image of tears. Tears are functional and keep the eyes moist, but tears are also the expression of human emotions. In the human world, this is a more important value than keeping the eyes moist. Duplicators exist as tools. The meaning of their existence is given in advance. When duplicators do not exist in accordance with the designed function, they must be killed, while human beings are not. The meaning of human existence needs to be found by oneself, and the noble soul It lies in his uselessness (Fudan's school motto is "free and useless soul"). Salome left a drop of tears before he died, "All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in the rain" The intention of tears to disappear in the rain is the disappearance of the soul. At this time, the dove flies away, which means that Roy's soul is free. .
Limitation and Transcendence-Deckard's Identity and the Liberation of the Copy
Many people think that Deckard is a human being. An important argument is that he may be the worst action actor in movie history. Why is Deckard so weak as a clone? I understand that this is obviously Tyrell's intentional act, because once Deckard finds that he has much stronger physical fitness than human beings, he will undoubtedly doubt his identity, which is equivalent to eating the fruit of wisdom in the Garden of Eden. The name Dickard actually echoes the French mathematician René Descartes. If he is a human being, what is the meaning of "I think therefore I am."
Every copy in the film is artificially created with some defects, such as physical fitness, intelligence, and beauty. Not everyone is as perfect as Roy, and all of them have only 4 years of life. This is to prevent them from developing humans. Defects of emotional deliberate design. They ventured back to Earth to extend their lives. But the interesting thing is that Roy's first scene in the show said this:
'Time...enough! '
At this time, Roy's hands were not very dictated, but he said that there is enough time, enough for what? Enough to find Tyrell? When Roy found that Tyrell could not help him prolong his life, he killed Tyrell by blindfolding his eyes, representing the deprivation of the soul.
Before Tyrell died, the meaning of his life was to escape the shackles of slavery and to fight for more lives. Killing Tyrell means that Roy has accepted the fate of death, and the meaning of life has changed. The filming of this scene is very ritual, this is movietime from the perspective of copying people. In Heidegger’s view, the inevitable death limits people’s choices, "Its too bad she won't live. But then again, who does?" Death can be free. Royal's slave status as a copyist made him a tool, but his will to power made him a subject in Nietzsche's sense. From Heidegger's point of view, Roy's defiance of society's wishes allowed him to truly pursue his own meaning of existence, not just as a killing tool. Killing Tyrell was in line with the warrior status given to him by humans, and he chose to save him. Deckard is the true success of rebelling against social identity and gaining true freedom.
"The light that burns twice as bright burns half as long
And you have burned so very, very brightly,Roy"
Religious symbols-the beginning of a new era
Those who are familiar with Lei Gong with a little bit of common sense know that his old man is not a general obsession with religious themes. Please sort out the religious elements of this film. It can't be called element anymore, this is a religious movie!
The gods of the old world and the gods of the new world. The first shot of the opening is the dark future of Los Angeles. There is a pyramid-shaped building in the dark city. This building is the Tyrell company, and Tyrell himself lives on the top of the pyramid. The pyramid is the achievement of a lost civilization. The name Tyrell means Thor. It is obviously a god of the pre-polytheistic belief era and an old god worshipped by lost humans. The new age is the age of copying humans. This is the story of the death of the old gods and the creation of the new gods.
Adam and Eve. If Deckard is a copy, then he is also produced by Tyrell, then Tyrell is clearly aware of it, so it is of great significance for Tyrell to ask Deckard to test Rachel. In the Bible, Eve was made by Adam's rib. In the film, Rachel as Eve is produced in Deckard's research results, corresponding to the ribs in the Bible, and Rachel itself is an ancient Jewish name, is the wife of the Accord and the ancestor of the Jews. Rachel first discovered the fact that she was a copycat, which in turn inspired Deckard, who didn't know it, corresponding to Eve's temptation for Adam to eat the fruit of wisdom. If two people are clones, and they are fertile N7 clones (allow me to borrow the plot of 2049), then they are the ancestors of future clones. If Deckard is not a copy, then his love for Rachel will become a superficial story of a tough guy trapped by lust, just like that famous erotic drama, and then "Blade runner" will become "The Inflatable Doll" "Love", the genesis of the copy has become a vulgar story of love between humans and copy, all meaning has been deconstructed.
Fallen angel. The alien colony in the film is called "off world", and every time an advertisement about off world appears on airships or airplanes, is this heaven or hell? In the world of "Bladerunner", many people want to go to the off world, including Sebastian, but he is not qualified to go because of his aging glands. Roy quoted the poem by Willam Blake: "Fiery the Angels fell... And as they fell deep thunder rolled around their shores; indignant, burning with the fires of Orc." Lucifer, the devil before being expelled from heaven, would rather rule on earth than serve God in heaven.
snake. The meaning of snake in Christianity is quite rich, it is the incarnation of Satan. In the Garden of Eden, the snake tempted Eve to eat the fruit of wisdom, so it is also the embodiment of free will. Deckard found the first clone, Salome, through the scales of an artificial snake. Salome is a short but quite full character. She is decorated with snake scales and a snake. The scales and snake are artificial. It is a metaphor that she and her free will are artificial, but artificial. Isn't it free will? As soon as Deckard came in Salome, he asked: "you looking for holes or what." Gaze is the theme of Wilde's play "Salome", in which Salome is stared at by Syrian officers and King Herod. This kind of pure physical desire, and Salome’s dissatisfaction with the gaze of this male desire, represents women’s sense of rebellion and resistance. Salome was originally a hedonic copy, and later trained to become an assassination copy. Whether it is the change of tool attributes or the awareness of the existence of "Holes", it implies that she has produced the same free will as Salome in the drama. If we made Salome's case as an empathy test question: "You are naked in a room and you are peeped through a hole in the wall, what would you do?" Salome's answer was that she would feel uncomfortable, or Call the police. This was obviously a human answer. She passed the test, but Deckard killed her anyway. Salome ran away wearing a completely transparent raincoat. The clone was not afraid of cold or heat, let alone rain, and hedonic robots were not afraid of being chopped off, but she still wore such a one at a critical moment when her life was hanging by a thread. A transparent raincoat corresponds to Eve's shame after eating the fruit of wisdom, which is a hint of self-consciousness. Salome left a tear before his death. The scene was very moving. Deckard began to doubt the legitimacy of his profession, and the seeds of wisdom had been shed.
Scars on the hands. Roy, the most powerful clone, was no longer able to fight with Deckard at the end of the fight, and he couldn't help it. He dug a section of steel bar from the building and inserted it into the palm of his hand, and his hand was able to move again. The scar on his hand symbolizes the torture suffered by Jesus. With this hand, he rescued the replica Adam Deckard who was about to fall from the roof. It symbolized the Jesus-like sacrifice he made to the replica group and also symbolized him. Really gained freedom. Roy is a military clone. His purpose is to kill, but he gave up this function and chose not to kill. This is Christian tolerance and self-liberation. The name Roy is the abbreviation of Leroy in French, which means king. Please experience it.
Pigeon. Needless to say, it represents freedom, soul, discovery of a new continent, and the beginning of a new era.
unicorn. The symbolic meaning of unicorns has been explained so much, and it is not wordy. This is one of the most important clues that Deckard is a clone. What is interesting is that most people ignore that the unicorn is a symbol of Jesus! Isn't this religious hint obvious yet?
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