For a long time, I hardly missed any books and movies on space and universe. To this day, I am still excited about the rise of a movie. There is a starry sky and Nolan. Whatever you want. After months of attention, I finally got a glimpse of the space world Nolan built in Interstellar. Some are too high expectations, and the perception of the film itself is slightly complicated. Even if the blood is always swollen in the face of space when watching a movie, I still feel a little regretful when I think about it. For Nolan, personally think that this movie should be better. Throwing away personal nitpicking, but still willing to give the movie five stars, not as a fan of Nolan, but a fan of the distant starry sky.
The end of a journey
The core of this film is a family drama, a story about the love and commitment between father and daughter. The film allows mankind's most real and warmest emotions and waiting to penetrate naturally into a grand and tragic human epic like space immigrants. Wrapping sincere emotions in a grand narrative is what Nolan is good at, and his manipulation and expression have undoubtedly become superb. In this film, the sense of mission to save the children and the future of mankind, and the affection between father and daughter waiting for each other, and the opposites constitute a classical drama conflict, and they are used as the protagonist's motivation to advance the plot almost all the time.
The three-act advancement of the film is inseparable from the emotional clues. At the beginning, the father and daughter's life first pave the way for the feelings of the two and the necessary foreshadowing. Former NASA pilot Cooper was originally a farmer to support his family on the deteriorating ecological environment of the planet. He lived with his father-in-law and a son and a daughter, and he had a special temperament with his eccentric daughter Murphy. Under the enlightenment of the supernatural existence of the "ghost" in the daughter's room, the father and daughter Cooper discovered NASA and their secretly planned plan to escape the world. Cooper accepted the task of Professor Brand, whose main motivation was still to protect his children and their future, but his daughter did not approve of it. When Cooper left, the originally harmonious family relationship between the father and daughter was broken, and the communication between the two gradually disappeared along with the insurmountable distance between the father and daughter in space and time. The two separated in space and emotion.
In the development and confrontation stage, Cooper and his party took the Endurance as the main line of the exploration mission, but suffered major setbacks one after another. The responsibility for the mission and the promise to the daughter gradually began to conflict. Due to the black hole time delay effect, Murphy has grown up and assisted Professor Brand in theoretical research, appearing as the central figure of the secondary line. The revelation of the truth of the whole plan shakes its confidence in the future of mankind, and its ambivalence towards his father is increasing day by day. In the transition of the montages in the middle and later stages, the fate of the father and daughter are at a trough at the same time, encountering a major crisis of life and death and trust, but they are still fighting stubbornly in their respective time and space.
In the ending or resolution chapter, the two lines of Cooper and Murphy finally converge in narrative and emotion. Cooper abandoned himself at a critical moment and chose to preserve the future of Amelia and humanity; Murphy regained his confusion and decided to return to the starting point of his father's emotions and memories to find a glimmer of hope. However, Cooper, who was sucked into the black hole, found himself in a strange multidimensional world, reconnected with his daughter, and realized his true mission; Murphy sensed his father's miss and used the information transmitted by Cooper to obtain the theory of controlling gravity. Key data.
Of course, the two people separated by time and space were finally able to get together again. Cooper fulfilled his promise to go home, and Murphy's theory saved mankind. After the goodbye, Cooper embarked on a journey again, heading to the new homeland of mankind where Amelia was without concern.
This story is an interpretation of the true love of father and daughter that really crosses time and space. Although the theme of "love that crosses time and space" has been messed up by countless romantic fantasy online novels, this film can make people cry. Because it is so pure and real, and so similar to our lives. Cooper did not embrace the lofty ambition of "My journey is the sea of stars", but just wanted to complete the task as soon as possible and return to his daughter to accompany her to grow up. In the crisis of human survival, the safe haven Murphy finally chose is still the place where he has the most memories with his father.
In 2001, there was an animated short film "Father and Daughter", which was only 8 minutes in length. The story is very simple: the father left by boat after the last hug, and the daughter came to the lake day after day to watch the father's return until the long Big, married, and old. The daughter, who was already an old woman, finally came to the dried-up lake, found the boat where the father had left, and lay down in it, as if returning to her father's arms.
This life waiting also spans Murphy's life, but fortunately, she knows that her father has not given up. Even if it is billions of light years, her father is trying to wait for her, and this belief finally supports her to see her father. The last side.
For Cooper, all his insistence on promises and tasks is out of love. The beacon of the voyage, the end of the journey, is always where the daughter is. As a space-themed science fiction film, The
Two Groups of Stars and the Organ
, the display of celestial wonders is the glamorous coat of the film. Whether it is the beautiful ring of the gas giant Saturn, the image of a nebula distorted by a gravitational lens in a spherical wormhole, or the accretion disk spinning outside a huge black hole like a shiny ribbon, or the huge waves and icy clouds on the terrestrial planet Condensation, all people hold their breath or marvel.
Personally, it is a bit regretful that the film did not show the fascinating close-up of the stars and the Milky Way. This may be the director's original intention, perhaps Nolan is unwilling to please the audience in this old-fashioned way, but focuses more on maintaining a consistent tone through specific presentation methods. This seems to have a tribute to "A Space Odyssey 2001". Most of the shots of space are not from a human perspective. What we see is the quiet and empty dark space outside the hull of the spacecraft, cold and lifeless.
Although I didn't get a glimpse of the breathtaking brilliance of the stars of the Milky Way, the lineup of this film is really dazzling. In addition to Nolan’s old partners Michael Caine and Anne Hathaway who starred in the Brand father and daughter, the male protagonist Cooper is played by Matthew McConaughey, who has been in the limelight in recent years, and the only teammate salesperson who can be regarded as the villain is Dr. Mann. Matt Damon was found.
Matthew McConaughey’s acting skills need not be much to say. The deep and affectionate tone with a southern accent fits Cooper’s role very well. It may be regarded as a substitute for the Batman who deliberately lowered his voice and was photographed by Nolan. It is worth mentioning that Matthew McConaughey was the leading actor in the science fiction film "Contact" written by the famous astrophysicist Carl Sagan many years ago. "Contact" and the film are both space themes, and it can be regarded as a milestone in the science fiction world. It is estimated that having Matthew as the male lead is also regarded as a kind of tribute.
Murphy's middle-aged actor Jessica Chastain is not so famous, at least I haven't seen her work before, and performed quite well within the limited scenes in the film. Childhood Murphy was full of personality, smart and clever, and the young actors Mackenzie Foy and Jessica Chastain were very similar, casting 32 likes. Although the elderly Murphy only had the final scene of a father-daughter reunion, the voice of the vicissitudes of life was full of love, which was deeply moving.
Because the film gave the Cooper father and daughter to the Cooper father and daughter, the expressiveness and sense of existence of the other supporting actors were greatly weakened. I personally feel that this team is somewhat wasteful. The old opera bones naturally don't have performance problems. The problem lies in the space to play and the setting of the characters.
Kane’s Brand Professor Swen Binbin, who is deeply hidden, in the film, Professor Brand concocted the scam of human immigration for greater good. This is a character who should have more conflicts and confrontations, but he did not get more performance. It had to be explained as the limited space or the depth of the city. The professor and daughter Amelia are also father-daughter, because without the protagonist's halo, they have to become foils.
Amelia's emotional vacancy was transferred to Edmond, a pioneer of adventure, to fill it up. Like Cooper, she has her own selfishness, but as the second heroine, her inner drama is indeed too few. Interestingly, Amelia, who was born as an astronaut and a scientific family, published a statement on the spacecraft about "love crosses dimensions like gravity". This part feels somewhat self-defeating. Maybe it is too strong for my kind of science and technology mansion. There are some dramas-it turns out that love is the fifth fundamental force, and the spaceship that loves to drive the engine sounds great. Well, people are still little girls, just understand.
The other two crew members of the Persistent, Romilly and Doyle, both leading geoscientists, were unfortunately killed in the film. Doyle died unjustly. He was the closest person to the hatch when the big wave rolled in. When the robot CASE went to save Amelia, he carried forward the lady's gentleman spirit of going first. In the end, he was brutally killed by the scriptwriter and caused meaningless losses. Romilly was actually wronged, but the honest man who was conscientious was killed by his teammate Dr. Mann. From the perspective of the overall film, the two heroes had to say that it was a plot need, and Amelia had to wait for Cooper to arrive by herself in the end.
Dr. Mann's transformation was also dramatic, but it was reasonable because he was crazy. As the only survivor among the early explorers, he was tortured to madness by loneliness and fear, so he first abandoned the bottom line of scientists to falsify data and attract the rescue of others. Later, the behavior of breaking through the bottom line of mankind is unreasonable. Since he has been saved, he will honestly admit that others will not say anything, but he must kill his teammates in the name of saving mankind. When escaping, somehow pull on the goddess Hathaway, somehow there is a helper who can multiply humans. During the docking of the spacecraft, an interstellar death was staged, harming others and self. Fortunately, the protagonist has a plug-in.
For these supporting characters sacrificed by the plot, the vacancy caused by the lack of portrayal is left for the robot TARSE to fill. The role of TARSE is similar to the HAL of "2001: A Space Odyssey", but he is loyal to mankind. TARSE gags and adjusts the atmosphere in his spare time, and can stand up to the heroes to save the beauty at critical moments. Not only did he use his superb skills to complete the spatial docking under high-speed rotation, but also measured the core data to save mankind. Such a robot with a mouthful of running trains and full of joy in running posture undoubtedly overwhelmed other supporting actors in the limelight. Its importance and halo bonus have surpassed R2D2 in Star Wars, and it is close to Doraemon.
The plot and performance constitute the skeleton of the film, the rich image performance renders the beautiful appearance, and the soundtrack of Hanz Zimmer further shapes the temperament of the film. At the beginning of the film, Cooper stared at the cornfield slowly unfolding, accompanied by the low and solemn roar of the background pipe organ. Similar to the interpretation of the pipe organ in the first sunrise of Richard Strauss' symphonic poem "So Says Zarathustra", a desolate and dark power began to spread.
The pipe organ thus began to penetrate the entire film, from earth to space. The temperament of the pipe organ and religious music, and the inseparable history, make the whole film also immersed in a layer of religious fate and redemption theme. The superior power contained in the roar of the pipe organ is just like the projection of the vast and unknown universe in the human heart, and it is an existence worthy of awe.
The recording of the pipe organ in the film comes from a 90-year-old pipe organ in a church in London. In the unique acoustic environment of the church, the sound of the pipe organ is particularly breathtaking. In addition, Zimmer has added 34 string units, 24 woodwind units, 4 pianos and choirs. But it is obvious that these are all for the purpose of cooperating with the pipe organ, the string music is appropriately contrasted, the ethereal and peculiar sound effects of the wood pipe, the repetition and alienation of the human voice, rendering the interaction between human destiny and space even more mysterious, rendering a superb view of the unknown. As profound as the experience.
Three wormholes, black holes and everything about time and space
From the setting of the film, we can see the determination to try to become a hard science fiction classic. The ecological deterioration is not too exaggerated, and it is not far from now. The stagnation of science and technology caused by the decline and death of mankind, and the spacecraft that have abandoned the flashy design sense are all very real and reasonable. The active silencer in space and the water and ammonia crystals detected on the planet also conform to scientific principles. The unexplainable parts are all given to "them", the unidentified helpers of the earth who hold unknown powers.
For wormholes and black holes, these two celestial bodies that we currently cannot obtain first-hand materials (the former are even only in theory), of course there will be more room for editing and directing. However, according to our existing knowledge, especially some widely accepted knowledge in the scientific community, many details of the setting still appear to be quite deviated. Although the true behavior seems very uninteresting, the process of complaining about it is not boring.
1. Wormhole
Wormhole, also known as Einstein-Rosen Bridge, is an imaginary concept that refers to a tunnel connecting two points in time and space. In the film, Romilly's paper explanation is very intuitive. Another analogy is to compare time and space to the skin of an apple, where bugs make holes to connect different positions of the skin.
Wormhole theory benefited from Einstein's general theory of relativity. Conceptually, it is easy to deduce that a wormhole must be a dimensional world higher than three-dimensional space-time. Scientists have not yet observed the existence of wormholes, but they have made many useful discussions in theory, such as the conditions for their generation and maintenance.
According to a current mainstream view, wormholes are difficult to maintain due to their own unstable characteristics and need negative energy to supplement them. The larger the scale, the more unstable it is. Some researchers have also made other calculation results and believe that wormholes can exist without additional conditions, but due to the shrinkage of high-dimensional space, the scale may be very small. Further verification of theoretical and experimental observations will take time.
If by definition, a wormhole is actually a distortion of three-dimensional space-time, then this distortion is likely to produce a large gravitational force like a black hole. To realize a wormhole that allows macroscopic aircraft to pass through, the space-time curvature near its entrance must be sufficiently slow, otherwise the material trying to pass through it will be torn apart due to the different gravitational forces received everywhere. To achieve such a gentle entrance, its radius must reach tens of hundreds of light years.
So if it is such a wormhole, it will take more than hundreds of thousands of years for the aircraft powered by the chemical fuel in the film to cross and reach the other end. If you take into account the delay effect due to gravity changes, it will be longer. Therefore, the wormholes in the film seem to be quite different from the wormholes we currently think. The "they" of the five-dimensional creatures are really powerful.
2. Black
holes Black holes must be familiar to the public. Like wormholes, they are stars of science fiction, but there is much more research on black holes, especially Hawking, a well-known researcher of black holes.
As a celestial body formed by the collapse of a large star under its own gravity, a black hole has an incredible gravitational force, and even photons cannot escape the powerful gravitational field nearby. The most well-known is the Schwarzschild black hole with a constant star, which is uncharged and does not rotate. The critical surface of the outer layer becomes the "horizon", which is a noun that appears in the film. On the surface of the horizon, only objects moving at the speed of light can escape the gravitational pull of the black hole. The radius of the sphere enclosed by the horizon is called the Schwarzschild radius, which is proportional to the mass. The core "singularity" of the black hole is hidden deep in the horizon. Under the black hole's gravity, the interstellar matter is attracted and spirals around the black hole, and generates radiation in the process of acceleration and friction, forming a dazzling "accretion disk".
One of the executive producers invited for this film is Daniel Kip Throne, a theoretical physicist with the same reputation as Hawking, who has made outstanding contributions in the research fields of gravity, astrophysics and black holes. Asking him to sit here is also to ensure that the scientific settings in the film are as close to reality as possible.
I am very grateful to Douyou Dianguangxia for pointing out several self-righteous mistakes in the previous version of the film review about black holes. The reason for the error is that the supermassive black hole rotating at a high speed like Gargantua in the film is subjectively conjectured into an ordinary black hole with a constant star. It just so happens that I am talking about the right to be popular science.
Black holes can be divided into several categories according to their mass. Miniature black holes are difficult to observe due to their small scale and poor stability. More stable black holes in interstellar space can be divided into Stellar black holes and supermassive black holes. black hole). The mass of the former is generally several to several tens of times the mass of the sun, and the mass of the latter is as high as hundreds of thousands to several tens of times the mass of the sun.
Generally speaking, black holes with constant stars are usually formed by the collapse of giant celestial bodies under their own gravity. The reasons for the formation of supermassive black holes are more complicated, and they often appear in the center of galaxies, such as the 4 million solar black hole in the core of the Milky Way.
The Schwarzschild black hole with a constant star size may be the most exposed in popular science books, film and television works. It has medium quality, limited horizon size, high density inside the horizon, and strong tidal force (due to the gravity caused by the difference from the center position). Difference) and other characteristics.
For a supermassive black hole giant, because its Schwarzschild radius is large but its mass is concentrated in the inner core, its average density is actually very small, and the tidal force outside its horizon is also weak. Therefore, in the film, Cooper was able to cross the horizon without being torn off by tidal forces.
Of course, without the extra care of five-dimensional life forms, even if they can escape the plasma in the accretion disk, Cooper captured by the black hole will eventually face the fate of being pulled into noodles by tidal forces. This effect It is vividly called Spaghettification by astrophysicists.
Another feature of the black hole in the film is its high-speed rotation. According to the results of general relativity, this black hole should be a Kerr black hole. The drag effect of the frame of reference caused by its high-speed rotation can cause an astonishing time delay effect, which is as high as 60,000 times in the film.
If for a non-rotating black hole, according to the gravitational delay formula derived from the theory of relativity:
t_0 = t_f * square_root( 1-r_0 / r ), (where t_0 is the time when the observer is in the gravitational field, and t_f is the distance away from the gravitational field In the normal time, r_0 is the Schwarzschild radius, and r is the position of the observer from the gravitational body), there will not be a particularly huge delay effect on the surface of the planet far away from the horizon.
It is worth mentioning that this type of Kerr black hole has two levels: an oblate energy layer, a spherical horizon, and a ring-shaped "singularity." These structures are thought to be similar to some of the features of wormholes. Maybe "they" used this way to smartly let Cooper avoid the singularity and teleport it to Jupiter. The part between the two levels of the black hole is called the Ergosphere. According to theoretical research, it is possible to obtain a part of the black hole's own rotational energy by throwing mass into the energy ball in the opposite direction of the black hole's rotation. This is the source of the name of the energy ball, and it is also the basis for scientists to extract energy from the Kerr black hole. Cooper's plan for Amelia to escape in the film should be based on this. By abandoning two spacecraft, the Endurance added extra kinetic energy to escape the black hole and reach Edmund's planet.
But for this galaxy with a black hole at its core, something unreasonable lies in the design of several planets. There are periodic waves and knee-deep calm on that water planet. The weak tidal force of this black hole seems to be inconsistent, otherwise the planet itself will be greatly affected. In addition, even if the radiation from the accretion disk can warm the planet to maintain the liquid composition of water, it will also be intimately contacted by the flying interstellar matter. What's more, it will be sucked into the accretion disk sooner or later and turned into powder.
Afterwards, the scientists learned from it painfully and complained that such a planet would not produce life clouds. Then the question arises, why are the planets next to the black hole (Dr. Mann's planets are also within the scope of influence), why are they considered as objects of investigation. Could it be that in such an era of tens of thousands of horses and all the people farming, the regression of human civilization has caused even the top scientists to ignore the importance of stars for life and the power of black holes; or the previous investigations have given people a new understanding of black holes , But what happened to the Endurance was obviously a slap in the face of this naive or arrogant self-righteousness.
3. Gravity and the law of causality
will not be considered loopholes strictly in the future. After all, these are things beyond the scope of human cognition, but the interpretation of the film is not convincing.
Scientists have not yet figured out the time of this thing, and even whether it is true or not has been debated endlessly. After all, the time dimension is too special, so everyone is cautious when dealing with scientific issues. However, the five-dimensional creature set in this film obviously dismissed it, and he could easily throw Cooper into the four-dimensional space, let him awaken himself and become a ghost that promotes his behavior, and of course also fed the dog the law of causality by the way.
If Cooper did not accept NASA's mission, he would not enter the black hole and guide his past self to find NASA, so this must happen. Each link is the cause and the result. This contradictory continuum of time is a variant of the paradox of the grandfather of time traversal. It has been active in various works involving time traversal for decades. Three and so on. Of course, this kind of treatment resolved the contradictions in the film in a self-consistent manner, successfully recovered the line, and achieved emotional satisfaction. As for the explanation, just ask Gaowei Biology.
Another hurried detail is the communication between Cooper and Murphy in the ending. In addition to hitting the bookshelf, Cooper, hiding behind the bookshelf, actually gained the skill of gravity control. For this point, the film also did not give any explanation. It was seen that Cooper suddenly understood God’s will, and realized the movements of a Yang finger and Six Meridian Excalibur. With one stroke, the sand in the room was uniformly discharged with binary codes, and the second hand of the watch danced a Morse code dance. . Cooper's son Tom had just been set on fire by his sister, and returned angrily to reason, but he was stopped by Murphy holding a twitching watch with a pointer as if he had been tapped.
Since Cooper has such magical powers, why didn't he send a message to identify himself in the first place? Very simple, time and space are continuous, history cannot be changed, only repeated. Standing on the side of the screenwriter and trying to explain, I can only regard Cooper's skills as a gift of five-dimensional creatures, limiting its use.
In the whole story, the most critical key that determines the survival of mankind is firmly in the hands of Cooper and his daughter. Cooper was wise and martial, and he died nine deaths. Murphy was determined and courageous, ice and snow clever, father and daughter hand in hand, it was profitable. On the other hand, the old professors who were entangled in their inner choices, the astronauts who sold their teammates and were sold by their teammates, the pioneers who were perished, and the people struggling and trapped on the earth, you can probably guess irresponsibly, if "they" It really is the future of mankind, so they must be descendants of the Cooper family.
The Four Waters and the Starry Sky
"We are all in the water, but some people look up at the stars." Wilde said.
Since the prehistoric times, humans have never stopped looking at the starry sky above their heads. The distant stars have been guiding and witnessing the growth of human civilization, narrowing the distance between the two.
The vast green fields in front of the protagonist at the beginning of the film, and the vast stars where the spacecraft runs towards at the end, are the images that represent the two poles of human civilization—the old homeland and the new ideal hometown, and the agriculture where the ancient civilization began. Interstellar travel condensed with the most advanced technology, the past and the future.
Cooper's adventure begins in this field and ends up in space. Behind him are countless few people who want to look up to the stars in the mud; what he can reach is the expansion of the wisdom and will of countless pioneers. Uneasy blood is still boiling in Cooper's bones. He opposes the school's slander of the Apollo project and opposes the preservation of mankind. In Cooper's chest, throbbing is the common future of children and mankind.
To his death, Professor Brand repeated the verses of British poet Dylan Thomas:
Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light...
When Professor Brand uttered this final roar while he was still dead, the human immigration plan was on the verge of collapse, and Cooper, who was on the other side of the stars, was stepping into a death trap. Dylan’s poem did not find a good translation. Perhaps the burning text in the original poem is difficult to convey accurately in terms of rhythm, but it is spiritually connected with the ancient people’s "old and powerful, aspiring thousands of miles" thousands of years ago.
Facing the darkness of death, life's most authentic desires will burn and explode. Dylan’s poem is not only Professor Brand’s stubbornness and unwillingness, not just Cooper’s life struggle, but also human’s final struggle against fate: “Humanity originated here, but it will never end here.” This As thrilling as all the great exploration stories, it is both heroic and tragic, but closer to life. It is a desperate fight for civilization to break the road, mixed with hope and despair.
However, even if the humans in this film ushered in a bright ending, they still can't help but feel sad. After his father crossed to the far end of the galaxy and reached the end of the stars, he finally returned to the family that he still missed in his heart. The house that was kept as it was, but there was no blue sky and green gauze tents outside, and no resting place for loved ones. It was warm and exuding a desolation of right and wrong.
I don't know if this film uses this theme of love and protection to have a metaphor, but it can vaguely realize the fetters between people and the earth. After wandering around the world, the fallen leaves return to their roots, and even the dead head mound of the fox that has not yet succeeded, compared with the broken mountains and rivers and leaving their homes, there will always be more comfort of a sense of belonging. Exploring, conquering, colonizing, and being a home from all over the world are indeed heroic, but with the current level of technology, it still takes time to get out of the house. At the same time, the homeland of mankind is at least ill-advised. Not medical. If you don't get the help of the noble people like in the movie, open a portal at close range, and come with a science introductory manual, I am afraid that the pride will be lost in the end, and there will be nothing more than sorrow. Perhaps, we will face departure sooner or later, I hope we can have enough time to prepare, and I hope that the reason is not our own.
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