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The characters currently included in the article: Li Xiuying, Wu Zhengxi, Pan Kaiming, Mu Xifu, Li Shizhen, Ding Yongqing, Tang Ying, Sun Youming, Wu Kezheng, Wang Fengying, Rui Tihe, Chang Zhiqiang, Li Jun, Xia Shuqin...
Li Xiuying: "La "Bei is a good man"
Li Xiuying dictated: "Rabe is a businessman, not a soldier, but he used his special status to protect us Chinese. As long as they were in trouble, the Chinese went to Rabe, and he came immediately. Bey used his special status to negotiate with the Japanese... At that time, we had no idea that Rabe was a member of the Nazi Party. Whether he was a Nazi member or not, it has nothing to do with us. But Rabe is a good person and we will always miss him. He. The Chinese are like this. As long as you do something for them, they will repay you tenfold. At that time, only a few people could negotiate with the Japanese. Without Rabe, I don’t know how many more. People will be killed by the Japanese. Rabe saved many, many lives.”
Wu Zhengxi: “He saved many Chinese lives”
Wu Zhengxi dictated: “My current evaluation of Rabe is: He is a firm, decisive and decisive person. A noble German, he is the best friend of the Chinese. Some newspapers reported that he was a member of the Nazi party. Whether he was a member of the Nazi party or not, he saved many Chinese lives. He was shown at that time. Noble morality is the most important thing. History is true, and no one can deny it. Under his leadership, thousands of Chinese people have been protected. All consulate members, several missionaries and foreign teachers have been united to establish A safe zone. At that time, if he did not organize everyone, the Japanese would definitely be even crazier... He stood up bravely, spoke for the Chinese, and made his personal contribution to protecting them."
Pan Kaiming: "He Is our savior"
Pan Kaiming dictated: "At that time, I was a rickshaw driver and didn't know Rabe personally. But I saw him and we all knew he was bald, so we all knew him. Sometimes we were on Shanghai Road, Shanxi Road or Ninghai Road. Saw him. We only know that he is the person in charge of the refugee area, and we also know that he and some other foreigners have established the refugee area. They are our saviors. Without them, many Chinese will be killed. Rabe Some of the situations written in his diary are what we pretended to say in our hearts. Whether or not Rabe is a member of the Nazi party, we can’t change our view of him, because he is our savior.”
Mu Xifu "The German flag protected five to six hundred people"
[Call him "Lao Maozi"]
"I didn't know Rabebrabe at that time, we called him Lao Maozi", the 83-year-old Mu Xifu has been living in No. 4 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing. It was not until Guangzhou Road was widened ten years ago that it was moved to Nanyuan New Village Quyuan, Nanhu. "I was 14 years old, and the back door of my house was facing Rabe's house," Mu Xifu told reporters with gestures. Back then, his house was a small ruined building. The upper and lower floors totaled 63 square meters. The back door of Rabe is directly opposite to the gate of Rabe’s residence at Xiaofenqiao No. 1, and the distance between them is no more than 30 meters, so Rabe can often be seen. "At that time, the soldiers were in turmoil, and I didn’t ask what the foreigner’s name was. He was very tall, he was wearing a navy blue suit, he was wearing a pair of glasses, and he had a big beard on his face, so we called him Lao Maozi. ".
[The German flag covers the roof to scare away the devil]
"How many people did the old Maozi's national flag save?" Mu Xifu told reporters that before the Japanese soldiers invaded Nanjing in December 1937, there were planes bombing every two days. Rabe was flat on the roof of his house. A huge German national flag, probably dozens of times the size of a normal national flag, covered the entire roof, making it particularly conspicuous from the sky. "The Japanese are afraid of this national flag. The planes rushed down several times and saw such a big national flag flying away." Mu Xifu said. After inquiring about it, I found out that the place where the national flag was pulled was the Nanjing International Safety Zone. The old Maozi headed the house. Hearing that they lived in the house, the Japanese did not dare to catch and kill them. As a result, people rushed inside. Since Mu Xifu’s house was next to Rabe’s house, it was considered a safe area. At that time, relatives, aunts, and uncles who had been with them all ran from the south and north of the city, and 53 people were crowded in the small broken building of 63 square meters.
[All 53 members of the family survived]
"Thanks to Lao Maozi," Mu Xifu said. One night, an uncle Zhang, who was in his 30s next door, left the Rabe’s yard and went home to have a look. He was caught by Japan. The soldiers took it away. After Rabe knew about it, he drove over and took Uncle Zhang back in a while. Mu Xifu said that he had two sisters who were 17 or 18 years old, who was the flower girl the Japanese soldiers were looking for. Fortunately, they hid in Rabe's house and escaped the disaster. "Our whole family is forever grateful to Rabe. If it weren't for his protection back then, it would be impossible for all of our 53 members to survive. They would have been killed by the Japanese long ago and had their bones beaten."
Li Sejin: "If it weren't for him, I would have been buried underground for decades!"
[The yard was crowded with five or six hundred people]
"At that time, the yard was full of people." In 2006, the 79-year-old Li Sezhen was Mu Xifu Wife, she is also a witness of Rabe’s house. "I was only 10 years old at the time, but I still knew a lot of things," Li Shizhen told reporters. In the yard of Rabe's house, there are simple sheds everywhere. There are as high as 1 person, and there are straws inside, so people can only sleep in it. At that time, the yard was crowded with people who fled, and there were no less than five or six hundred people.
[He once rescued 37 people under the knife]
The old man Li Sezhen said: "There is a family of 37 people who were caught by the Japanese soldiers. They were all tied up and kneeled on the ground. When (Japanese soldiers) was about to beheaded, Rabe happened to pass by, and he negotiated with the Japanese soldiers. All these 37 people were taken away. Later, everyone in this family said that if there was no Rabe, their entire family would have died. In fact, we are all the same. Without Rabe, I am afraid I would have been buried in the ground for decades. "It
’s safest not to go out.]
According to Grandma Li Shizhen’s memories, she and a large number of refugees hid in Rabe’s house back then, and the Japanese did not dare to come in. Everyone knew that "it’s safest not to go out." "Later I got married and my home was next to Rabe’s former residence. I could see it as soon as I opened my eyes, so I always felt like I didn’t leave. Later there was a statue of Rabe, and I often came here to see him. When I get old, my legs and feet are inflexible, so I come less."
[I played a refugee
in "Rabe’s Diary" ] In the movie "Rabe’s Diary", the 82-year-old grandmother played a guest role as a refugee, and Grandma Li said "The first time I acted in a movie, I actually hoped to repay Rabe. He saved so many of our lives, but we could not do
anything for him." Ding Yongqing: "He blocked the door with his body"
[In the courtyard Set up a shed for people to live in]
In 2006, 91-year-old Ding Yongqing lived in Xiaofenqiao No. 12, which was close to Rabe’s house. At the time of the Japanese massacre, Ding Yongqing was 18 years old. Rabe’s cook, a Tianjin native named Cao, asked him to take refuge in Xiaofenqiao No.1. Old man Ding Yongqing recalled: “Rabe is a big man and treats people very well. He built a reed shed in the yard for the surrounding residents to live in and provide food and clothing. I lived here for nearly a year.” Ding Yongqing told reporters, On the night of December 19 that year, two Japanese soldiers entered the Rabe house across the wall in an attempt to commit evil. When Rabe knew about him, he sternly criticized him. After seeing that he was a German, the Japanese soldiers had to put away their guns angrily and asked Rabe to open the door to let them out. "No!" Rabe blocked the gate with his body, and flatly refused, "Where you climb in, get out from wherever you go!" The two Japanese soldiers were awed by Rabe's majesty and imposing manner, and had to grieve over the wall. Seeing this scene, the refugees in the courtyard couldn't help clapping and cheering.
[Do my best to help the refugees]
That day, Ding Yongqing, who had taken refuge in Rabe’s yard, was so hungry that he went out to find something to eat, but when he looked up, he saw a bayonet stabbed to death by the Japanese army on the bamboo fence. Little girl, he turned back quickly in fright. Rabe asked his assistant Master Han to bring him a small cup of rice and a few slices of salted radish roots. Master Han told him, “Mr. Rabe said, it’s cold and the ground is humid. You are asked to cook the radish roots so that they can get damp. Mr. Rabe also said that no matter what, you must make sure to give it to the people who live here. The refugees each give out a small cup of rice every day, and once a week, radish roots and broad beans. He said that although there are few, he has tried his best." Ding Yongqing said he was lucky. At that time there was a younger brother who was 3 years younger than him. Able to hide in Rabe’s house in time, he was caught by Japanese soldiers in the Zhongshan Mausoleum and never returned.
Tang Ying: "A person with noble humanity"
[How many tears can't stop flowing in the small courtyard of Rabe]
"People who have experienced the (Nanjing) massacre know what hell on earth is, and I can survive without Rabe Sir, it's absolutely impossible." Talking about the past, there were tears in the eyes of Tang Ying, who was not tall and physically strong. Speaking of Rabe, the old man was grateful: "As long as I go to Nanjing, I will go to Mr. Rabe’s small courtyard to have a look. The small courtyard is still there. When I get there, in tears, I always think of many, many past events. I am old now, but I often bring my children to me, so that they can remember a benefactor, a person with noble humanity."
[Mr. Rabe is my neighbor, and his shoes are made by me and my master]
In 2008, Tang Ying was 88 years old. In 1950, he moved from Nanjing to Wuhu as an auto repair expert. This very healthy and capable old man remembers the benefactors and past events very clearly: "In Rabe’s Diary, it was written that there were many people crowded in the small air-raid shelter he built. The shoemaker mentioned in particular was me. Master... My master is named Wu Fugui, from Shanghai. He is a leather shoe store owner. He speaks some pidgin English and specializes in business for embassies, foreigners and missionaries. The leather shoes of Mr. Rabe’s family are mine. The master bag made it. I often do some shoe lifting procedures for Mr. Rabe. Mr. Rabe is very friendly to us and does not like to put on airs at all. His closeness allows us to have frequent contacts with him.... The neighbors are all used to it. Calling Rabe Mr. Horn, he was tall and approachable"
[I was almost killed by a devils twice]
"The year the Japanese devils entered Nanjing, I was 17 years old." The old man recalled: "December 1937 On the 13th, after the Japanese devils entered the city, at first, my master and I were still living in the leather shoe store. I was nearly killed by the devils twice... On the third night when the devils entered the city, two more devils kicked open the door of the leather shoe store. I broke in and saw two of us, an old and a small, a devil with a bayonet at me and demanding a "flower girl", I shook my head, the devil fiercely hit me with a bayonet, and when the bayonet hit my belly, Suddenly there was a woman crying outside, and two devils hurried over. After this scare, the master and I immediately fled into Mr. Rabe’s house for refuge, and did not dare to step out of the Rabe air raid gate for more than a month."
[Rabe side The gun is pointed at the Japanese army to save people, while raising food to help us]
In Tang Ying's memory, the Japanese army harassed the courtyard dozens of times. The most thrilling thing was one night more than ten days after the Japanese army entered the city. Soon after Mr. Rabe went out, three Japanese soldiers came from outside the fence and entered the Rabe courtyard, all with bright bayonets hanging behind them. Old Tang Ying said: "When the devil was about to push a woman out of the wall, at this critical moment, there was the sound of a car horn. It was Mr. Rabe who was back! All the refugees yelled in unison. When Rabe knew that the Japanese army was When he came in over the wall to snatch someone, he was furious and yelled in English. When the devil stood honestly and said he wanted to sneak out of the gate, Rabe disagreed. He signaled the interpreter to let the Japanese army come from where he had to go. When the devil understood this, he didn't want to be stunned in front of the Chinese, but still wanted to go out the gate. Rabe yelled and drew his pistol, forcing the soldiers to climb out by pointing at the wall. Finally, the devil who climbed the wall was frightened. I slipped and climbed out for the second time.”
One morning, when a mother and daughter were walking on Xiaofenqiao Road, they suddenly ran into the Japanese army. A Japanese army grabbed the young woman and dragged it to the side of the road. The mother stubbornly held her daughter's hand, and the Japanese army kicked the old man fiercely. When the Japanese army dragged the girl to the small house on the side of the road, no one on the road dared to speak. It just happened that Mr. Rabe degraded from the sky and saved them. Four Japanese soldiers drove a truck to the refugee shelter of Jinling University to arrest women. Although there were foreign members of the International Security Council such as the United States and Britain at the scene, they were all beaten to the ground by the Japanese soldiers. It happened that Rabe came here to do business. See you Rabe, who was wearing a German military uniform, a helmet on his head, military boots on his feet, a "swastika" armband, and a pistol around his waist, left in shock.
Elder Tang Ying recalled that Mr. Rabe’s house was a small garden-style house. It was not a place to receive refugees. However, as the Japanese army burned and killed more and more severely, the number of people who fled into his small courtyard to take refuge increased to more than 600. People, all sitting on the ground were people. It was in the cold winter. Under extreme difficulties, Mr. Rabe not only brought in rice for the refugees to cook in the small courtyard, but also found reed mats, straws, tents, etc. to keep the refugees out of the cold, in order to prevent The Japanese army came in to harass. Mr. Rabe specially organized personnel to pay attention to the whereabouts of the Japanese army day and night by the fence.
Sun Youming: "The Japanese don't dare to throw bombs when they see from the sky"
The Nazi party emblem, which was later regarded as a scourge by the whole world, protected 200,000 Chinese in Nanjing in the severe winter of 1937. Rabe and his family used sheets in the yard to make a big Nazi party flag. "The four corners are tight. The Japanese don't dare to throw bombs when they see it from the sky." Sun Youming still remembers this flag. He used to make clothes for Rabe. Many people like him, relying on Rabe's protection, lived the longest winter of their lives.
Wu Kezheng: "Everyone doesn't speak German, so I call him a "horn" with my dad
." Wu Kezheng, the shoemaker's son who is often mentioned in "Rabe's Diary", remembers, "Everyone can't speak German. They all join my dad. Call him "horn"", many people remember that "horn" wears the armband, often walks on the street, points to the Nazi party emblem, and shouts "Hi!" Hitler! 'To stop the Japanese from insulting Chinese women.”
Wang Fengying: “Taking refuge in this refugee area, the five of us will not die.” The
old man Wang Fengying once took refuge in the International Security Zone. In 2007, she was 82 years old. Recalling that year In 1937, when Wang Fengying was only 12 years old, and there were 5 people in his family, the original family lived in Zhujiang Road. After the Japanese attacked the city, his parents heard from neighbors that there was a place on Guangzhou Road. In a safe area, she brought herself and her sister and brother over. Therefore, Rabe is the lifesaver of the whole family. Now she will come to participate in the commemorative activities every December 13th.
Wang Fengying recalled: "The refugees founded by Rabe District, the five of us took refuge in this refugee area, and the five of us did not die. Otherwise, we would not be able to survive in that place (Zhujiang Road). "
Rui Tihe: "Mr. Rabe died forever." On
the table in the lobby of Rabe's former residence, there is a message book filled with visitors’ opinions. There are seven or eight-year-old children, and many foreign friends also left words of admiration for Rabe.
A long string of handwriting attracted the reporter's attention. That was a message on January 26, 2007, signed by Rui Tihe, a witness to the massacre. "I am a witness to the massacre. I met Mr. Rabe. I was 13 years old and lived at No. 17, Hankou Road, not far from here. I was 83 years old this year and I saw a tall foreigner. It was Mr. Rabe. After the visit, it reminded me of the bloody massacre on December 13, 1937. Thanks to the great international peace envoy, Mr. Rabe died forever."
Chang Zhiqiang: "Brothers They were all killed by the Japanese.” The
old Chang Zhiqiang who lived near the Confucius Temple told the story of his family preparing to take refuge in a safe area the day before the Japanese army entered the city. On the first day after entering the city, they killed six of their family on the spot (the youngest brother was only two years old at the time). After he and his sister survived, they immediately went to the refugee shelter of Jinling University in a safe area and survived. and because her sister was stabbed five knives Japanese though it was not dead, but after a few years of ill typhoid fever die ......
Chang Zhiqiang, said: "Since then, my sister and I became an orphan, in order to survive, we in Japan Working as a child laborer in a human’s factory, I have suffered everything. After the Japanese surrender, the Japanese devil plane sprayed medicinal mist. We lived not far from the airport. Many people in that place got plague. My sister started to have a high fever and had a lot of fever. When I can’t eat, I just drink water. I want to drink hot water. It’s too cold. She just drank the boiling water. After seven days and seven nights, the sister who depended on each other died, and her body was red when she died. Idea."
Li Jun: "Rabe is a living bodhisattva"
85-year-old Li Jun and 80-year-old Ding Zhenglan live in Xiaolingwei. They also rushed to the Rabe Memorial Hall to meet Thomas Rabe and his wife yesterday. As soon as he saw Thomas Rabe, Mr. Li immediately held his hand tightly and said, "Thank you, thank you!" Although Thomas Rabe had never met Mr. Li, he was no stranger to him. . He took out the German version of Rabe’s Biography that he had compiled, and quickly opened one of the pages and pointed it to Mr. Li. It recorded the situation of the survivors who had taken refuge in Rabe’s former residence at No. 1 Xiaofenqiao. There are more than 600 Nanjing civilians protected by Rabe in his home. Li Jun is one of them. Photos and memories of him and several other survivors have been included in this German biography.
"I was only 13 years old then, and I followed my family and hid in the courtyard of Mr. Rabe's house. In order to protect us, many huts were built in the courtyard for the refugees to live in..." Mr. Li pointed to the grass next to the former residence and said "It's in this place!" Mr. Li said. At that time, refugees all said Rabe was a "living bodhisattva"...
Xia Shuqin: "We are all grateful to Mr. Rabe."
February 5, 2009, Nanjing Massacre survivor The case of Xia Shuqin v. Japanese right-wing infringement of the right of reputation won the final trial in Japan. She is also the survivor Rabe mentioned by name in her diary. She stroked the photo of Rabe in the memorial hall. “We are all grateful to Mr. Rabe. Now that his grandson has come to visit us in Nanjing, I am very happy.” She still He told Thomas Rabe about his relationship with Mr. Rabe: "I was 8 years old at the time. Mr. Rabe liked me very much. He was going back to China in 1938. It was rain and snow again. He took me and me. My uncle found it, and I was very embarrassed. He wrapped me tightly in his coat. I had lice on my head, but he didn’t think it was dirty, and he held me... He said he wanted to take me back to China. Go, but because my family was killed at the time and my sister had been sent to an orphanage, my uncle felt that he wanted to keep a child, so I didn't agree with it." Rabe’s grandson Thomas Rabe was very pleased that Rabe’s diary helped Xia Shuqin bring down the Japanese right wing: “This is what it should be, just like the Germans also compensated the Jews back then.” Thomas Rabe, a doctor, also talked about the health of the 80-year-old Xia Shuqin, "I am very happy to meet you, especially to see that you are so healthy now, you are amazing!"
This article only sorts out those survivors who have a name and a surname. If you want to count those whose names are not written in the newspapers, there are even more.
In the process of organizing the memories of survivors these days, I deeply feel that the movie "Rabe’s Diary" is indeed not true enough. It does not praise Rabe high enough, but not high enough. Some of Rabe’s deeds in reality, It is more exaggerated than the movies, but these movies did not show it. On the whole, the movie version is quite calm. Many people who have not experienced the disaster personally think that the movie uplifted Rabe, but for the survivors In terms of the movie, which lasted more than two hours (the original five hours), it has not yet fully demonstrated all of Rabe’s deeds.
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