1. In the eighteenth century, Bachofen made the Western world formally pay attention to the maternal society, or that women are the center of society; in the East, we are more familiar with it. From the age of mythology, the ancient poetry era, and even the modern era, The birth, stability, and prosperity of our family are not all controlled by the mother of the family? Antonia House (Antonia, 1995) is such a woman! Although God created all things, Antonia is equivalent to the Virgin Mary who created God.
2. The enlightenment of feminism to me began with Shi Jiqing, a Chinese teacher who had passed away in high school. In addition to the Kinsey Sexology Report, we also need to read Revolution From Within (1992), where the feminist trend of thought is. The world 30 years ago was not as taken for granted as it is today, it was highly revolutionary at that time.
3. In the 1930s, Dali drew the famous clock that was as soft as a muffin, creating a magical realism that was incredible in painting but seemed reasonable. In the late 1960s, Marquis' centuries of loneliness created a literary magical realism, which floated as light as a kite. The Antonia’s House is a representative of the magical realism of movie images in the 1990s, such as a corpse rising from a coffin and singing a farewell poem, and an angel sculpture using his wings to beat bad guys.
4. Magical realism is the style of film presentation. The material processed by the film is women, but the core and spirit of the film are the same-nothing is made together, and there is no coexistence, continuous and endless, forever.
5. Teacher Xin Yiyun's Book of Songs, Volume 40 and Volume 41 of Xin Shuo, talk about the position of women from the style compilation of Zhou Nan's style of the Book of Songs:
From the first chapter Guan Jujiu in the Book of Songs, it is said that a young man fell in love with a gentle and graceful girl, which caused him to miss day and night. Oops! It was so dreamy that tossing and turning, unable to sleep, he even longed to marry him and become a couple-this is the motivation and completion of love in the world. In the second article, Ge Tan wrote that after the woman got married, after a certain period of time, Yili had to go home to save her relatives. This is called Guining, to visit her parents and comfort the hearts of the two elders. Said to report safety, please rest assured the two elders. The whole poem presents the joy and joy of the woman preparing to go home and in the process of preparing, and it is one with the beautiful days between the heavens and the earth-the yellow bird sings, flying in the full of Ge Tan. On the valley. The third chapter is about picking and rolling ears, describing that after a newly-married husband, the husband travels far away on business to serve the country. After her husband left, the wife was thinking about it at home, and she missed her ears, but she couldn't fill her ears for a long time, because what she was thinking about was the husband's hard work outside and the miss of him at home. This poem vividly describes the love and deep thoughts of the young couple after marriage. The fourth chapter, South Yumu, further describes the wife's wholehearted blessings to her husband, hoping that her husband can bear the burden of the entire family, as well as the expectation and love for her husband. Rely on. The fifth chapter is to bless people, including this couple, to have many precious children, so as to become the help of the whole family and family, and complete the family and family business, so that this family and this family can prosper because of this woman . The sixth chapter, the Tao Yao chapter of the escape, praises the beauty of the bride, praises the bride’s character, praises the bride’s ability, that is, praises the girl as the angel of life, and will be for her husband’s family, that is, for My own family and family have brought blessings. The seventh chapter Susu the rabbits, explaining that the young man worked for the public and became the guard, assistant, and even the most powerful assistant of the country and the princes. He was devoted to the country and dedicated his wisdom and talents. This refers to the career of boys, and it also refers to the development of boys in society. The eighth chapter adopts and picks up flowers, showing that the married woman is expecting to conceive and have children in a happy life. They go to pick the fragrant grass that can help them become pregnant in social legends.
These eight poems seem to write in sequence about love and marriage, the bride going home to visit relatives, the couple’s parting wife’s thoughts of the husband, and the wife’s expectation of pregnancy and children after marriage and in a happy life, and at the same time expecting more children. Many grandchildren, so that they can bring prosperity to this family, of course, I hope that my husband is a man who can stand up, stand up, and have a virtuous man. He is the pillar of his family and he can carry big things A good man, has developed in society and career, and has become a pillar of the country and the monarch. In fact, although these seem to be ordinary things in life, they are portrayals of human common life and are common and typical examples of human common life. Those poems describe the most critical and important life content in the married life of couples, although they are ordinary, especially from the "wife's point of view", they write about being a wife, as a female in the family, or as a family. A woman has her own expectations for her husband and family in her heart. Home is a small social unit in the human world that has basically become a society and a stable society. It is also the core of the development of human life and the base for the development of human civilization. From ancient to modern marriages all over the world, the family is still an indispensable place for people to survive, live, and develop, and where they feel love and where they grow up healthy. From the beginning of the Book of Songs, these eight articles were used in order to express people's desire for love and expectation for home. Today, in the 21st century, this is still a profound and a common psychological desire of all mankind.
At the same time, although there are two of these eight articles, such as Guanju in the first article and Tukui in the seventh article, they seem to be narratives made by men, but the whole point of view is basically from the perspective of women. In the first part, the beautiful lady is still the center point of the poem—because of him, the young man is fascinated; the seventh part talks about men becoming the pillars of the country, but this is not the wish of women ? Therefore, the entire eight poems are basically from the perspective of women, starting from women’s expectations for marriage and love. This is the traditional Chinese attaches great importance to women, because women are the most important element that directly breeds life. ——I use the term "element" because it involves the composition of the entire universe.
Traditional China looks at a complete universe from Yin and Yang, from the universe, from male and female, from male and female, rather than from a single representative. Due to the decline of modern China since the Qing Dynasty, the whole Chinese people, including the academic circles, have adopted Western perspectives and Western perspectives as the criterion of truth. For example, in the West since ancient times, their ecological environment is either only suitable for animal husbandry, or only suitable for sailing, or only suitable for business in the desert. So basically, the ecological presentation of their overall culture is a commercial fighting nation. Regardless of animal husbandry, business in the desert, or sailing, business exchange is the basis for survival. In this kind of commercial exchange, the living environment is very difficult, and they must be extremely combative; they are in constant wars, especially recently, it seems that the United Kingdom has republished a book called War in European History (War in European History). European History, 1970), it records the wars throughout the West from ancient times to modern times. After reading it, we will see the reasons and historical facts that the West is a war nation. In wars, women’s physical strength is indeed much weaker than men’s in order to survive through battle. Therefore, in the struggle for survival, in fierce battles, and in the process of migration, it is natural that men are the mainstay. Power and survivability. In this kind of living ecology, women are attached to men and protected by men, which naturally forms a social state of inequality between men and women. Therefore, we see that the center of faith is male, and even the society and family are dominated by men.
Today, when we talk about democracy and freedom, we all start with the history of ancient Greece, the city-state politics of ancient Greece, and the city-state democratic system of Athens in ancient Greece. The democratic system of Athens determined the voting system of today's democratic politics. However, he has conditions. Only citizens of the city-state of Athens have the right to vote and are eligible; if they are not citizens, they have no right to vote. And who is not a citizen? guess? slave? Prisoner of war? Yes! Slaves and prisoners of war are listed as non-citizens and are not granted the right to vote. This is of course, this can be understood and accepted; then, there will be merchants wandering around, or foreign merchants, of course this must be reasonable; in addition, There are children and minors, of course, do not have the right to vote, and everyone thinks this is correct. However, who else in the Athens city-state is not listed as a citizen and has no right to vote? It's women. Housewives in every family do not have the right to vote, and even women do not have any other civil rights. They cannot appear in public places, and they are hidden in the family hosted by men.
The women of Athens are hidden in a family dominated by men. This social custom affects the whole of Europe. In Europe in Shakespeare's time, that is, in the 16th century, he also said in his script "the weak, your name is a woman", "the best way to deal with a woman is to hold a whip" and so on. Then the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries inherited the so-called "discrimination" in the Middle Ages. With the development of the European economy, people began to advertise a new era, so Europe developed a gentleman's style, and the so-called gentleman's style is to take care of the weak-ladies. Therefore, to this day, we still see that women have priority, or men have to open doors for women, men have to move seats for women, let women sit first, and so on. These are also the things that modern Western female feminists most hate men to do when they fight for equality between men and women or equality between women and men. The important reason is that "we are not the weak", contrary to the historical traditions of the past.
The reason why women were able to step out of society to fight for power in the West was because of the First World War, especially in World War II. There were too many British and American men on the battlefield, and the military production in the rear lacked labor. Women had to be employed. Women entered factories and became producers. With economic power, women began to be useful. So Western women actively stood up for equality between men and women, equality between women and men, the so-called feminism, to this day .
Today, Middle Eastern women are still attached to men, women are part of men’s property, and women’s destiny is still determined by men; not only in the Middle East, we look at India and we look at Africa, and this is still the case; sometimes we look at some Europeans. The same is true for closed countries and societies. Under this premise, let’s look back and see how the ancient tradition of China was formed. In terms of ecology in China, because the geographical environment for survival is the most conducive to farming, the entire farming was carried out 10,000 years ago. Cultural civilization. Farming is the most cooperative production work. Both men and women need to get to the fields and both need to participate in the work. In addition, women’s textiles and other cottage industries, women’s production and the benefits they receive are no less than men, and even many families can An important basis for survival and being able to live well. In terms of production, women are not inferior to men. What's more, men and women in agricultural production must cooperate and divide labor. Therefore, traditional Chinese men and women, women and men have embarked on a Chinese-style equality, which is different from that in the West. Combat, business, and group life for survival. Women are not affiliated with men. Women have their independent status. That's why women are said to be "half the sky" of this world.
What's more, in the cultivation of agricultural production, this kind of labor production experience has a deeper understanding and observation of the continuation of life and the reproduction of life. Therefore, in the oracle bone inscriptions, although the highest belief in the universe puts forward the "emperor", The font is the "Emperor" of "God", but the original word of this word is the "Di" of "Flower Di", which means that life itself is the highest and most natural evolutionary power of the universe. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty directly used "heaven" and the "heaven" on everyone's head to represent life itself-life comes from the sky, and the sky is the manifestation of life, and the so-called destiny is the endowment of life by the sky. , This is called destiny. After further development of thinking, I learned that there is atmosphere in the entire destiny activity, and there are yin and yang in the atmospheric activity. Yin embraces the yang, rushes to think of harmony," so all things metamorphose-yin and yang, male and female, male and female, creating this world of life together.
…Especially the so-called society established by the development of China’s agricultural civilization, the so-called social ecology of a high agricultural civilization, requires the division of labor and cooperation between men and women. This is the need for economic production-only everyone can divide labor and work together. There is a rich harvest. Men and women actually have the same economic productivity in the production of agricultural work. Coupled with the experience of planting in agricultural production, they have a deeper understanding of the power of life in nature, and this life is not only one-sided, it has a strong , Female, he has males and females, just like the sun and the moon in the heaven and the earth, there are the heaven and the earth, so they are both two-sided, and they have jointly achieved the development of a universe, a complete universe, and a complete life. We looked around and saw that the reason why nature is born is that there is heaven and earth, and there is yin and yang in the atmosphere. Therefore, in the Yijing system, it is said that "the great virtue of heaven and earth is birth." Only in this way can heaven and earth be born. I also said, "Heaven and earth, all things are transformed into alcohol, men and women are composed of essence, and all things are transformed into life." Heaven and earth 絪縕 is the close interweaving of heaven and earth, yin and yang interweaving and permeating each other, and then becoming denser and denser. Alcohol is very thick, that is, dense, mellow, and more and more cohesive. In this way, after a long period of time, life slowly emerges, the composition of men and women, that is, male and female, etc., showing the most elite parts of life, and then everything will continue to grow.
The Book of Changes summarizes the entire agricultural culture, that is, the high-level agricultural culture formed by the high-level agricultural civilization completed before the Qin Dynasty. From the theory of the occurrence of the universe, it proposes "the great virtue of heaven and earth", which is the greatest act of heaven and earth, the most upright. The development of direction lies in the creation of life and the creation of all things-"life". And this creation comes from heaven and earth, yin and yang, males and females, and males and females, and then gradually brings about the birth of all things. They gradually condense and then come out. That is to say, heaven and earth gather their yin and yang qi to intersect and unite, so that all things can interact with each other and penetrate each other so as to grow and mature; the sexes of men and women in all things intersect and unite, and then make all things The life of all things can be prolonged and reproduced by mutual feeling. Therefore, the ancients often said in the common saying: "Only the yang does not grow, the lonely yin does not grow, the yin and yang are in harmony, and everything is born." Therefore, women are there. In traditional Chinese society, status is not lower than that of men.
Although the Book of Changes says that "heaven is inferior to the earth", and when it comes to men and women, it is like "male superior to female inferiority." In fact, it is not talking about a real division of social classes, but explaining the composition of a world order in this world. Of course, being matured by the male society to the point that men are superior to women and women are inferior to women, this is a social development and put forward such a view, but in terms of the theory of actual cosmic existence, he is "the lonely yin does not grow, and the yang alone does not grow." "Yin and Yang are in harmony, and everything is born", so women are not inferior to men in traditional agricultural Chinese society. We can even see that when a family loses a man, a woman supports the family, spins, weaves, and then does various plantings, and then enables the family to develop. This is in women, in For women in the world, it is a very special display of power. Today, when we talk about the issue of equality between men and women in traditional society, we cannot just use the state of Western society as the only criterion for evaluation, or for discussion or criticism.
Taiwan’s economy took off more than 40 years ago. A well-known Chinese sociologist returned from the United States. He wanted to study and investigate how the influence of the status of men and women in Taiwan’s economic take-off society was distributed. He wanted to be a productive force for men and women. The comparison between the two, and the study of the actual situation of the forces driving development in this society. In his view, he believed that China has been so unequal between men and women since ancient times, and he wants to prove it with the development of modern economy. He believes that since ancient times, women have been weak in China, so the labor provided by women must be inferior to men. He plans to write a book about the influence and development of inequality between men and women in traditional society on modern industrial and commercial society in a modern industrialized society. However, according to him, he investigated nearly a thousand successful small and medium-sized enterprises in Taiwan, and found that all successful small and medium-sized enterprises are supported by a woman, the so-called first daughter. Moreover, this small and medium-sized enterprise can develop soundly because of the head family's mother. The first wife is also the proprietress, who sits in the company, and then serves as the company’s manager or business experience, and even the personnel director, deploying all personnel, handling personnel, or the director of the personnel coordination department, and then the accounting chief, managing finances-if not This kind of business is not easy for such a first wife.
Later, from various materials released by the Foreign Trade Association of the Trade Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, it was reported that carrying a business bag all over the world, and then selling or grabbing orders to produce or export Taiwanese products to Taiwan. , Women accounted for more than half. Therefore, the courage and competence of Taiwanese women, and the contribution of Taiwanese women to Taiwan's economic take-off, were formally explained by the Foreign Trade Association of the Trade Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs at the time. The contribution was indispensable, and the head of the Ministry of Economic Affairs publicly expressed gratitude. These things shocked the professor of sociology. He said that this is almost impossible in Western society. So he wrote an important research report, which is also a book. Niang-the economic activities and social significance of Taiwan's small and medium-sized enterprises "the first mother", 1999).
Then the mainland developed again, and he went to various industrial development zones in the mainland, like Shenzhen or Zhuhai and other places to investigate. The result was the same as Taiwan, he was also surprised. He said why Chinese women are independent and capable? In fact, from the perspective of agricultural culture, agricultural civilization, and agricultural production and development, women’s abilities are also cultivated from agricultural civilization, agricultural culture, and agricultural social development—all of which are derived from China’s highly developed agricultural society. , Highly develop a mature agricultural civilization. When we read the Book of Songs, as far back as three thousand years ago, in the Western Zhou Dynasty Daya, or chanting, we can see that in addition to praising Houji, King Wen, and Gongliu, they also praise their mothers or wives, and then explain their importance, such as the mother of King Wen. For the education of King Wen, just as his wife participated in the migration and construction of King Wen, the whole assistance to the husband is affirmed and visible. What's more, China values life itself. Life itself is the highest belief in traditional China. What's more, women directly bred life. They maintain the continuity of life and raise children to become humans and virtuous people. Therefore, in China, we value maternal education, prenatal education, and women nurture life and complete this part of the great virtue of cosmic birth. At the same time, in the agricultural society, among the agricultural social productivity, the economic productivity of women is an important work, one of the important productivity-therefore, we also call women half the sky.
In traditional Chinese mythology, the man crashed into the mountain and made the sky fall in half. Nuwa repaired the sky in time and saved the world. This myth reveals the affirmation and respect of women in the agricultural civilization of traditional China. . Therefore, there is such a ritual and custom in the Book of Rites, that is, the custom developed along this ritual and custom in the Western Zhou Dynasty and subsequent dynasties. When sacrifices are made, especially when sacrifices to ancestors and heaven and earth, men are naturally responsible for the activities of sacrifices. Although the woman does not participate, all the sacrifices and all the dishes for the sacrifice must be prepared by the hand of the woman and prepared by the female family led by the housewife. Only in this way can it be fully obtained, and then the man will offer it to the gods or ancestors— -Otherwise, the gods of heaven and earth or the ancestors will not accept it, because it is not perfect and imperfect.
And in many areas in the old days, such a etiquette was practiced according to the ancient rites, which means that in a family, alas, the unfortunate husband died, passed away, the child was underage, or the wife had not yet given birth to a child. , There are no heirs yet. Under this situation, the coffin of Yiguli husbands in many areas is usually temporarily outside, temporarily stopped outside, and then waiting for the wife to raise children, let them grow up, or adopt the same surname in the family His children came as heirs and allowed the family to live a continuation of life. In this way, after the death of the woman, her coffin will lead her husband’s coffin to be buried in the family’s ancestral grave.
Some people may ask: "The death of an ancient husband had to force women to be widows, so is this a way to force women to be widows?" In fact, this is not always the case. This is based on literature. From ancient times to the Southern Song Dynasty, a woman can remarry after her husband died. The woman can decide not to marry again. The most famous example is that Fan Zhongyan’s mother was remarried, and Ouyang Xiu’s mother was the same. , He decided to stop getting married because he loved his husband too much, and at the same time he felt that his husband was very good, and such a good man died. Then he depends on how the offspring Ouyang Xiu grows up. What does it mean to understand God from this perspective—these events are clearly written in Ouyang Xiu's famous article Takioka Qianbiao. Some people may have read it, but they may also ask again: "Isn't Song Lixue that there are widows who die of starvation is a small matter, but it is a big loss?" Recently, people often use this sentence to blame the ancients, and then blame the Song and Ming Lixue. In fact, this sentence is included in many cases of being a human being, and then the measure of being a human being proposed does not mean that a widow would rather starve to death than remarry. He did not mean that. If you are interested in these issues, you can go to check these materials.
Because traditional China is a highly agricultural society, men and women can divide labor and cooperate, and women are half the sky. Therefore, coupled with the fact that women are the principals at home, the status of women in the family is highly respected. Let’s see Cao Xueqin’s writing about A Dream of Red Mansions and talking about Rongguo Mansion. Isn’t that the person involved in Rongguo Mansion is Jia’s mother? Then there is Mrs. Wang, and then Wang Xifeng. As for men all run away in society-this "run away" is to do things, to be errands, to develop their careers. Let us look at today's Chinese social family. Are all the people involved in the family still housewives and women in the family? Even today’s housewives still have to be working women, but the housewife is still responsible for all matters in the family, including financial distribution and monthly expenses. When the husband makes money, the monthly salary is handed over to his wife, and then the wife is redistributed, etc.; even if the child’s upbringing, education, etc., first communicate with the mother before asking the father, and the father has to ask the mother again, and then again Make a decision. Therefore, the status of Chinese women in the family cannot be ignored. They make decisions about big and small things, and then think about them, and provide a reference for their husbands to make the final decision; as for men, the focus is on doing things in society. Therefore, the ancients said that outside the gate is the world of men, that is to say, the society is dominated by men, but inside the Erdaomen, and within the Erdaomen, it is the wife who is in charge of family affairs. The door that comes in through the main door to enter the house is called the Erdaomen. In ancient rituals, it is said that if you enter the Erdaomen, if you are a man with a husband, you will refer to it every day, which is not polite.
The society is the world of men, and the housewife manages everything in the Erdaomen. This is a ritual peculiar to the Song Dynasty, the ritual of life. Before this, although women were the heads of the family in the family, they would also have their opinions on social matters and they would also intervene-this change has historical factors, so I won’t talk about it here. There will be a chance to report again in the future. Such a situation can be said to be a general situation of men and women in traditional Chinese society. At the beginning of the Book of Songs, these eight essays also illustrate the unique status of women in traditional Chinese society. At the same time, they also establish that traditional China regards women as a representative of love and a symbol of emotion. In later generations, even male writers sometimes express their deepest inner emotions with female emotions, to describe a certain deep feeling within them, and they use female roles to create and describe.
View more about Antonia's Line reviews
