The film tells that on March 18, 1965, the former Soviet Union was first made by astronauts: Alexei Leonov and Pavel Belyev after driving a rocket into space. Leonov completed the human race. It was the first time to "close contact" with the outer space mission, but I didn't expect that it would be easy to go out and difficult to come back, and it went through the test of life and death again and again! The film also introduces Leonov's background and character in a larger length.
Let’s learn more about him from Baidu Encyclopedia: Joined the Soviet Army in 1953, graduated from Chuguyev Military Aviation School, and Zhukovsky Military Engineering Academy in 1957, and worked as a pilot in the Soviet Air Force in 1958. Entered the space team in 1960. On March 18, 1965, as the co-pilot and Belyev completed the spacecraft "Ascent-2" together.
During the flight: He completed the world's first move to leave the spacecraft and enter space. He spent about 24 minutes in space, of which he "floated" freely for 12 minutes, and several times left the spacecraft at a distance of 5 meters. During the flight, preliminary experiments were conducted to study the biomechanics in unsupported space movement, and the autonomous life support system, airtight transition cabin and control system were tested. It also explored the possibility of installation and disassembly work outside the spacecraft, and was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for completing this flight.
From July 15th to 20th, 1975, as the captain, he participated in the joint spaceflight of the Soviet Union-19 spacecraft (the accompanying engineer was Kubasov) and the American Apollo spacecraft. This is the first major joint scientific experiment conducted in accordance with the "Alliance-Apollo" program in the history of spaceflight. During the six days and nights of the flight, the equipment for approaching and docking coordination and anastomosis was tested for the first time, the docking of the Soviet-American spacecraft and the mutual transfer of the two spacecraft's crews were realized, and joint scientific research experiments were carried out.
Because of the successful completion of the flight, he performed bravery and won the "Golden Star" medal again. In recognition of Leonov's achievements in the development of space and space, the Soviet Academy of Sciences awarded him 1 Tsirkovs Fund Medal, and the International Aviation Federation awarded him 2 "Universal" Gold Medals. In addition, he was awarded the titles of Hero of Labor of the Socialist Republic of Bulgaria and Hero of Labor of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Won 2 "Lenin Medal", "Red Star Medal" and three-level "Medal for Service to the Motherland in the Soviet Armed Forces" each, and many medals and foreign medals. A crater on the far side of the moon is named after it.
You will admire him when you see this, right? However, there is another person who is even more famous. On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin entered space. When he traveled to Russia last year to visit the back garden of President Putin's office next to the Red Square, the tour guide introduced a special tree. The oak tree was planted after the seeds Gagarin brought back from space. I also took photos and studied it. I found that although the oak tree is lush and leafy, it is short and thick, while the surrounding oak trees are tall and thin. This phenomenon convinced me that it was caused by a lot of pressure in space.
This greatly stimulated the Americans. Only 23 days later, Alan Shepard successfully entered space, becoming the first person in the United States and the second person in the world to enter space. The spacewalk program of the former Soviet Union was implemented in a hurry, because the United States is also conducting related research. For safety reasons, the former Soviet Union took the lead in launching an unmanned reconnaissance spacecraft. Various complicated instruments are installed on the spacecraft, and the data it collects is sufficient to understand the effects of solar radiation, high-energy particle flow and other factors on the body of the astronaut. The spacecraft worked very well in space, but when it returned to the ground, it suddenly started a self-detonation procedure, and precious data related to the lives of the astronauts were blown away without a trace.
At this time, there is only one month left before the scheduled spacewalk date. Facing the sudden blow, the experts were at a loss. Kovalev, the father of spaceflight of the former Soviet Union, called Belyayev and Leonov to his side on space missions, and said in a negotiated tone: "What should I do? Is it risky to take off as scheduled, or to wait? Relaunch a reconnaissance spacecraft in 6 to 8 months?". The two astronauts know very well what choice the father of space expects them to make. The United States is ready. Although their astronauts are only going to reach out of the spacecraft, this will also be advertised as the first human entry into space. Belyaev and Leonov said calmly: "We are in good condition, and we have carried out all the necessary training for this flight, and we are mentally prepared. In short, we should fly...".
It is against this background that they are dying for the honor of the motherland. There is a detail in the film: when the leader talked to the two of them, they were also very nervous and secretly drank vodka that violated the regulations, which is enough to explain. What courage is needed to make such a decision! In this way, they embarked on an uneasy journey. When the spacecraft reached the predetermined orbit, Leonov smoothly exited the warehouse and relayed this glorious moment to satellites around the world.
Later, he recalled: "The hatch opened slowly with trembling, and the sky in space was revealed in front of me. The hatch stopped, and I floated over to the hatch, poked my head out, and saw the endless night sky and dots. Stars...the stars are far more numerous than those seen on the earth...and they are brighter and do not flicker." When he passed the Black Sea and the Volga River, he saw a wonderful view of the earth, the earth It's like "the spreading velvet carpet, what a beautiful picture! I marvel at its vastness." It was not until Bereyav talked to him through the headset that Leonov recovered from this wonderful thought and remembered that he still had work to do.
However, things are not as perfect as people have seen. They almost died in space: Leonov wore a special multi-layer space suit, which not only kept the temperature constant, but also kept the astronauts working in space for an hour. Life support system. The ground pressure training room can only simulate the pressure at an altitude of 90,000 meters above the earth, while the astronauts walk out of the spacecraft and the surroundings are in a vacuum state. Soon after leaving the cabin, Leonov left the spacecraft 7 meters away and twisted and turned on the other end of the umbilical cord. His space suit bulged and restricted his movement. He felt it was difficult to bend his arms and legs, so that he could not press the camera shutter tied to his leg. The movement of the limbs became more and more difficult, and he had to work hard to control them.
The section in the film is also quite thrilling. He did not communicate with the ground commander when he was concentrating and struggling outside the cabin. They thought that something happened to protect the spacecraft and the astronauts in the ship. The leaders almost decided to abandon Leonov. At the moment of emergency, he successfully grabbed the cabin handrail and called the leader to report safety. When entering the cabin, another problem occurred when he extended his head into the air lock: because according to the prescribed procedure, he should go in first, but Leonov entered the spacecraft head-forward. He did this to ensure that the camera in his hand was foolproof, but he couldn't turn his body around in the cylindrical airlock compartment and close the door behind him. Leonov decisively lowered the air pressure of the life support system to get back smoothly. This is still a matter of a catastrophe in the small return journey, and the lives of the two are at stake!
It turned out that when Leonov was walking in space, the spacecraft was always at rest. The temperature difference between the sides facing the sun and the side facing the sun reached 300 degrees Celsius, and the spacecraft was slightly deformed as a result. After Leonov returned to the spacecraft, the cabin door left a small gap so that the air in the spacecraft began to leak out. The life support system reacted immediately, and the pressure of oxygen continued to rise twice. If it continues, the astronaut will definitely die, but at this time, the God of Destiny began to pity these brave people: in his sleep, the astronaut accidentally touched the switch for replenishing air, and the powerful air pressure activated the exhaust. Valve, the hatch was completely closed.
The reason why this film is amazing is that while telling the story of adversity, it fits the images of Leonov’s childhood: the strong curiosity, the courage to find out, etc. memories have allowed him to tide over one difficulty after another. . It is worth mentioning that the pictures of the dreamland are very beautiful, it is simply beautiful! I have watched "Apollo 13" performed by Tom Hanks before. The spacecraft also encountered an explosion during space operation, making it only return to the voyage. The film shows a large number of ground commanders and dozens of different departments racking their brains. In general, the three astronauts who assisted the spacecraft returned smoothly. Although the audience was very nervous, they felt that something was missing.
Throughout the United States, the Apollo program began from May 1961 to December 1972, and successfully completed six moon landings, which lasted about 11 years and cost US$25.5 billion. Apollo spacecraft launched a total of 15 ship numbers: 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. Apollo 1 is the official name traced back to Apollo-Saturn 204 (AS-204). In a routine test conducted on January 27, 1967, a fire broke out in the command module and three astronauts: Commander Virgil Gleason, senior driver Edward White and driver Roger Chaffee were killed.
On the morning of July 16, 1969, the huge "Saturn 5" rocket carrying the "Apollo 11" spacecraft ignited from the Cape Kennedy launch site in the United States, and began the first space flight of mankind to the moon. The American astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, and Michael Collins participated in this flight. At 4:17:42 PM Eastern Time, Armstrong carefully stepped his left foot on the surface of the moon. This was the first time that humans stepped onto the moon. To commemorate this brave move, in 2018, American director Damien Cha filmed "The First Man on the Moon" starring Ryan Gosling: It is commendable that Armstrong resolutely decided after many colleagues experienced various failures and sacrifices. To land on the moon.
Back to this movie: Still in shock, Belyaev and Leonov discovered that the spacecraft's positioning system was also malfunctioning. After getting permission from the ground command, they ventured to land manually (almost disagrees with manual: for fear of landing in other countries), and the spacecraft fell on two meters of snow deep in the virgin forest. The two astronauts climbed out of the cabin door with great effort. Accompanied by the snowstorm, they set up their antennas and sent a call signal to the command center. It was getting dark and the temperature was getting lower and lower. The two astronauts wanted to wrap their bodies with parachutes to keep out the cold, but the parachutes were hung on the treetops, and the spacecraft's refrigeration and air-conditioning couldn't be turned off. Leonov's space suit was filled with sweat, and he had to wring out his underwear naked in the freezing temperature of more than twenty degrees below zero.
In this way, until the next day, the searchers did not find Belyaev and Leonov. In the film, a radio enthusiast deciphered the code they sent and reported it to the astronaut of the government department before he was not frozen to death. If there is one, he should be very grateful to that person. Her wife reminded him not to do this in case he gets caught. Close it, but he replied: What is the right thing to do? Later, the helicopter dropped brandy, food and winter clothes, but due to the strong wind, the two astronauts watched these things blown into the distance, and finally got only a few sausages and a leather boot. In any case, although the twists and turns, but finally escaped one level after another.
Recently, I have seen reports that there are 18 astronauts drifting in space unable to return to Earth, most of them are Americans and former Soviets. Since Gagarin’s flight to the sky on April 12, 1961, 119 manned spacecraft missions of 6 types have been carried out in just 37 years to 1998, of which 114 missions were successful, with a success rate of 95%. . There are lucky and unfortunate. After all, it is not every time after entering space that you can return smoothly, but these successful and failed heroes are all great!
Let's meet China's space heroes through Baidu Encyclopedia:
Shenzhou V: The first manned flight on October 15, 2003, with Yang Liwei as the astronaut, successfully circled the earth 14 times.
Shenzhou VI: The first multi-person, multi-day space flight took place on October 12, 2005, with astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.
Shenzhou VII: On September 25, 2008, it carried three astronauts into space for the first time. The astronauts carried were Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng, and successfully carried out the exit activity (also known as space walk).
Shenzhou 8: On November 1, 2011, the improved "Long March 2" F Yao-8 rocket was successfully launched into space. In the early morning of November 3, 2011, it successfully implemented the first rendezvous and docking mission with the combined Tiangong-1, becoming a part of the China Space Laboratory.
Shenzhou 9: On the afternoon of June 16, 2012, three astronauts entered space for the first manned rendezvous and docking mission, Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang and Liu Yang (China's first female astronauts). On the afternoon of June 18, Shenzhou 9 successfully realized automatic rendezvous and docking with the Tiangong-1 target aircraft. On June 24, astronaut Liu Wang operated the spacecraft to successfully complete the manual rendezvous and docking on Tiangong-1. It indicates that China has fully mastered manned rendezvous and docking technology.
Shenzhou 10: At 17:38 on June 11, 2013, it will carry three astronauts into space. It will fly in orbit for 15 days and will conduct space teaching activities for Chinese astronauts for the first time. The flight crew consisted of male astronauts Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang and female astronaut Wang Yaping.
I also hope that my country's aerospace industry can continue to make breakthroughs in landing on the moon, Mars or Jupiter at an early date. The so-called knowing oneself and knowing the other can win all battles, and mankind's desire and exploration of the universe is precisely to achieve this. The earth is too small for the entire Milky Way galaxy. If someday aliens invade the earth, if human beings have already studied them thoroughly and prepared countermeasures, the end will be uncertain. Pay tribute to those particularly fearless humans!
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