"Poison! German taste! Master! Learned!" A stalk of the photography circle.
The German drama "Darkness" has a strong German flavor, with deep tones, humid environment and restrained characters, which envelops the whole drama with a strong atmosphere.
The philosopher country rich in Kant and Nietzsche reminds people of Plato's definition of an "ideal country" and a country ruled by the "philosopher king". The passage of "Darkness" through time and space is not new. As early as 1985, in the American film "Back to the Future", the male lead Martin used the time machine to travel through and met his parents 30 years ago, almost changing the direction of the timeline. "Darkness" strengthens the superiority of philosophical speculation, weakens hard-core science fiction scrutiny, exploits strengths and avoids weaknesses, it is very wise.
In the West, the source of philosophy is theology. There is a deep religious background behind the "recurring" view of time in "Dark".
1. Name
(1), Jonas
Chinese translation: Jonas, Jonah, medieval Christian names, Hebrew male names, meaning "pigeon".
Jonah was the son of Gath Shepherd (2 Kings 14:25) and Ammitay. As a prophet, Jonah received God's order to preach a warning in Nineveh. The "dove" was used to transmit information. In addition, Jonah was thrown into the sea. God arranged for a big fish to swallow him. Jonah was in the belly of the fish for three days and three nights, and was "resurrected" from the dead. It is confirmed by the resurrection of Jesus in future generations, and it is a type of Jesus' reign.
The extended term "Jonah complex" (Jonah complex): manifested as "people are not only afraid of failure, but also afraid of success." The essence is the fear of growth, which is a psychological obstacle that hinders self-realization.
In "Dark", Jonas has traveled many times to convey important information and try to change the ending. It is also a personal journey of breaking through and growing. From the beginning, Jonas was very savvy, influenced by his father, and even more a manifestation of Jonas's talent and temperament, with the meaning of prophecy.
(2), Noah
Chinese translation: Noah, Noah.
Noah and his wife, their three sons and their daughter-in-law, built Noah's Ark to escape and preserved it as the seeds of mankind.
Noah, the priest dresses, looks not old, is suspected to be one of the manipulators behind the scenes, and has obvious religious metaphors.
(3) Helge
Chinese translation: Hegel, Hager.
After studying Ma Zhe, he must have been deeply impressed by this person. Talking about dialectics, he must be called Hegel.
Second, time view
(1) Philosopher's view of time
Hegel pointed out in "Natural Philosophy" that space and time are both forms of material existence and movement, time is the course of real things, and time and space are inseparably unified. As a kind of change, time does not exist when it exists, and exists when it does not exist. It is the unity of continuity and discontinuity.
Kant's view of time believes that time is an innate form, as a formal condition for people to acquire universally necessary mathematical knowledge in the transcendental perceptual stage. In the philosophical world of Hegel and Kant, the concept of time closely follows scientific research.
(2) Religious time concept
Christianity
"I am Alpha and Omega; I am the first and I am the last; I am the beginning and I am the end." (Revelation 22:13) is the time concept of the beginning and the end, which fits the play.
"From the time I set up the people of ancient times, who can declare, point out, and speak for myself like I do? Let him explain the future and the things that will happen." (Isaiah 44:7) God's vision The view of time is full of inevitability.
Relying on the Christian tradition, German opera sets a time concept, which depends on the cultural background. Let us expand our horizons and try to see "Dark" through the vision of other religions.
Zoroastrianism
During World War II, the Germans firmly believed that they were descendants of Aryans and believed that Aryans were superior races. In fact, the Aryans originated in the Ural Mountains of Russia, moved to Iran, and entered India for development.
The Aryans founded Zoroastrianism (Zorro religion) in Iran, and there are still remains to this day. Worshiping Zoroastrianism, using the dualism of good and evil, and worshiping Ahura Mazda, the god of light. Mazda fought fiercely with the evil god of darkness, Ahriman, and eventually won. Bright will eventually defeat evil, and it is also the religious core of "True Detective Season 1".
Zarathustra (Zoroades in Ancient Persian) was an important religious reformer of Zoroastrianism and had a profound influence on later generations. The Saying of Zarathustra became Nietzsche's landmark work. Nietzsche's thought is inseparable from the process of German history. On the one hand, Hitler had great admiration for Nietzsche; on the other hand, Nietzsche had predicted a world war.
Buddhism
In India, the Aryans used Sanskrit to build Vedic civilization and created "Rigveda", "Sanskrit", "Forest Book", "Upanishad" and other classics. The Aryans also had an important influence on the birth of Buddhism. There is even more theory that Buddha Shakyamuni may be born in the Aryan ethnic group, but some scholars have refuted that the Shakyamuni ethnicity is of Mongolian ethnicity.
Brahmanism originated from the "Vedas", and Buddhist ideas have many Brahmanism imprints. For example: Buddhism inherits the reincarnation thought of Brahmanism, and develops the "nothing doctrine" of Brahmanism into "empty existence doctrine". Moreover, Sanskrit is the standard language in northern Buddhist literature.
The Buddhist view of time is easily reminiscent of the three-faced Buddha, representing the past, present, and future. The Buddha, which represents time, has a special status in Buddhism.
The ancient Buddha of Burning Lantern was awarded to Buddha Shakyamuni in the past, representing the past. Maitreya Buddha, is the successor of the world's Buddha Shakyamuni Buddha, also known as the future Buddha. When Wu Zetian proclaimed himself the emperor and the incarnation of Maitreya, he had time considerations and wanted to represent the future.
Buddhism pays much attention to thinking, and has a dedicated thinking bodhisattva. Thinking Bodhisattva as a model of Northern Wei Dynasty statues also shows that it was popular in the troubled times of the Five Hus and Sixteen Kingdoms. People pondered the sufferings of the world and prayed for detachment.
The "fateful view" of "reincarnation" and the "empty theory" of life in the world seem to be applicable to this drama. The problems that cannot be solved in this life are placed in the next life, or pray to be free from the sea of suffering and ascend to bliss early.
Three, image
Most religions have miracles. Frequent phenomena in "Dark", such as the next frog, the next nightingale, and the death of the sheep. The "Bible" records that there is a frog plague among the ten plagues. (Exodus 7:14-10:29, 12:29-30). God warned Pharaoh and ordered him to let the Jews go.
The flock of the "Bible" also refers to believers who believe in "Jesus Christ is the Lord".
"At that time, the Lord sent sulfur and fire from the Lord in heaven on Sodom and Gomorrah." (Genesis 19:24). Are all destroyed." (Gen 19:25). This description is similar to a nuclear disaster. The shadow of "Chernobyl" has been lingering in the play, and even selected the intersection of time in 1986. Is the death of the sheep a sign of the imminent suffering of God's people?
Another point is the "33 years" mentioned by many people, 33 years as a time period, which is related to the "Bible". This is quite similar to China's "Thirty Years Hedong and Thirty Years Hexi" Fengshui rotation, which belongs to the small cycle of a generation.
Some people say that the shape of the opening on the cover of this play is a reproductive worship, and some people talk about the symbol of Freemasonry. Primitive humans live mainly in caves. Many ancient petroglyphs have been found in certain caves in Europe, such as the Chovi Cave and Lascaux Cave in France, Magura Cave in Bulgaria, and El Castillo Cave in Spain. The cave can be regarded as the source of human history.
Freemasonry "rules" images are also found in the pictures of Fuxi and Nuwa in our country, which can be understood as the regular operation of everything. Of course, some theories will think that "rules" means that life is designed.
summary
The German drama "Darkness" is a small plot of intricately intertwined and influential four families, combined with the historical narrative, to create a fascinating and mysterious picture. The impermanence and reincarnation of the human world are similar to the propositions of Eastern religious philosophy. Various images related to the "Bible" are constantly appearing, and they all remind us that there is a profound Western religious background behind them. In Western society with monotheistic religion as its main body, its spiritual core is still owned by God. Whether Jonas can achieve the task assigned by God depends on the breakdown of next season.
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