Look again at "The Kingdom of Heaven" (2009-01-12 16:46:33)
This director's cut version is not only the grand scene, but the story is wonderful It looks good, the characterization is also full, and the ideological connotation to be expressed is also fully displayed. It is no longer a visual effects film made up of magnificent scenes, but a magnificent poem that explores the country, faith, loyalty, glory and mission. This is the most magnificent and wonderful epic masterpiece in recent years!
The plot is no longer discussed. In connection with the Israeli bombing of Gaza, the millennial dispute between Christianity and Muslims continues. Just like the subtitles at the end of the film-"Today after a thousand years, peace in Jerusalem is still out of reach." The following are some historical data after watching the movie to let you understand the reasons for the millennial dispute between Muslims and the Western world and the background of the film.
1. Saladin, the monarch of Ayub
In the year of 1193 AD, there was a great king in the East, who passed away on February 16th, the monarch of Egypt's Ashoka dynasty-Saladin. His fame has been passed down to contemporary China, when the Chinese called him a khan in green clothes. "Da Shi" was originally the name given by the ancient Persians to the Arabs. The Chinese borrowed from the Persians, such as the Abbasid dynasty in Baghdad from 750-1258 AD (the country is extremely well-developed in astronomical science and was later destroyed by Mongolia) , The Chinese call it "black-clothed food". The green-clothed food in history actually refers to the Fatima dynasty, the predecessor of Saladin’s Abhatyu dynasty. The Fatima dynasty was established in Tunisia in 909 AD and moved to Cairo in the early 10th century. A large country in West Asia and North Africa. Saladin hadn't made it yet. Saladin was born in 1138, which was the day when China's Southern Song Dynasty made the capital Hangzhou, and it was also four years before the murder of China's great military commander Yue Fei. The place of birth was in Tikrit, which is in the northern part of Iraq, which is the place. More than 800 years later, another famous person was born. We will mention him in the following content. Saladin grew up in Baalbek and Damascus, and initially served as an adult under his uncle Assad, who was then a general of the Nurdin Kingdom of Aleppo, Syria. In 1169, when the young Saladin was 31 years old, he was already the prime minister of the Fatimid dynasty of Egypt and the governor of Alexandria. At that time, the Fatimid dynasty was on the verge of collapse due to internal and external troubles. At the beginning of this year, Prime Minister Shawar was killed in collusion with foreign enemies, and the young Saladin replaced him and took over the mess of this declining dynasty. This is just the beginning of this young hero's ambition and great cause. Under his savvy management and benevolent governance, his national strength was quickly restored, and he has become a hero that all Egyptians worship and admire. In 1171, after the death of the caliph Adid of the Fatima dynasty, Saladin effortlessly replaced Fatima with his unparalleled prestige in the country and established the new Ashok dynasty. He is the new dynasty's monarch. At this time, Saladin was only 33 years old, full of vigor, and unwilling to be unwilling. In 1174, Saladin's immediate boss, King Nur of the Nurdin Kingdom of Aleppo, Syria, was a subject to his dynasty. After the death of King Ding, Saladin decisively severed relations with the Kingdom of Nurding and declared the independence of his Ayub dynasty. Not long after he saw that the time was right, he led his troops to attack the Kingdom of Nurding. In 1183, he captured Aleppo, the capital of the country, and the Kingdom of Nurding was destroyed. Then the surrounding small states looked back. In 1185, Saladin successfully captured Mosul and established an unprecedented but unparalleled Arab empire at an incredible speed. The territory included present-day Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Yemen and present-day northern Iraq. After basically completing the unification of the Arab kingdom, Saladin began his real career-fighting the Crusaders.
2. The origin of the Crusade
There were 8 crusades in history, starting in 1096 and ending in 1291. The recognized origins began at a Holy See rally after the Saint-Martin Festival held in Clemence, southern France, on November 26, 1095. Pope Urban II of the Roman Church used his unparalleled experience in the world. His eloquence gave a speech to tens of thousands of Christians. "God wills it! ": Occupy the holy city of Jerusalem (Jerusalem) and retake the Holy Tomb of Jesus from the pagans. Those who participated in the expedition can forgive sins, and those who died in war can ascend to heaven to encourage the people to participate. It is necessary to briefly introduce this time. The background of the brilliant speech. Since 636 AD, the Holy City Jerusalem, the birthplace of the three religions, has been ruled by the Islamic Arab Empire. At first, the Arabs were kind to Christians, and the two religions could be peaceful for a certain period of time. Get along, the well water does not offend the river. But after a branch of the Turkic people-the Seljuk Turks established the Turkic Seljuk Empire (the predecessor of the Ottoman Empire, the ancestor of the Turks) in Asia Minor, which believes in the Sunni Islamism, this The balance was broken. At the beginning of the rise of the Turks, they expanded at an alarming rate, and repeatedly defeated the once powerful Byzantine Empire and Persia. The Seljuk Turks at that time and the Turks are not like they are today. So friendly and tame to the Christian Western world, they were fierce and extreme at the time. Christians throughout the Middle East continued to suffer their appalling persecution. Many Christians were brutally killed, and more people were forced to change their beliefs in God and Christ. Islam. This has aroused great outrage from the entire Christian world. In addition, the Eastern Orthodox Emperor Alex I, who has lost half of the country, asked for help from the Roman Church and Western European countries, which prompted a desire to unify Christianity (Christianity). In 1054, it split into the Orthodox Church of Constantinople and the Catholic Church of the Holy See), established the supremely authoritative world church, and suppressed the Holy Roman Emperor and the monarchs of these secular political forces, the ambitious Pope Urban II. The world was determined to start war. The pope’s speech was sensational and successful. He counted the crimes of the Turks contaminating the Holy Land and persecuting Christians in Jerusalem: "People of God, the Turks have invaded our Holy Land Jerusalem, they In ravaging the kingdom of God, destroying Christian churches, killing pious people of God, humiliating chaste women, and drinking the blood of baptized children greedily. The Lord personally encourages you that all people with knighthoods must promptly assist Eastern Christians to drive out evil nations from our territory..." "Jerusalem, as the Bible says, is God bestowed upon the descendants of Israel. Yes, milk and honey flow all over. Jerusalem is the center of the earth. It is fertile and richer than any land in the world. It is another paradise full of joy. We are everywhere in poverty, hunger, and sorrow. The old man is almost dead. The carpenters keep nailing the coffins, and the mothers are holding their children's bodies in grief. The East is so rich, with gold, spices, and pepper All the same, why do we still sit here and wait for death? "...Let us plunge into a sacred war, a great crusade to regain the Holy Land for the Lord!" ... What a shame it would be if those demonic slaves were allowed to rule the people trusted by the master! In accordance with the authority the Lord has given me, I solemnly declare that if those who join the Holy Army lose their lives on the way or in battle, the Lord will forgive them all their sins..." "...Now I am on behalf of God to give you orders and plead for peace. Call on you to act quickly and wipe out the evil race from our brother's land! ...Jerusalem is the center of the world, and it is so rich that it is like another heaven. Under the guidance of God, bravely embark on the journey! "--In this way, under the instigation and call of the Pope, Christians in Western European countries, with fanatical beliefs, organized expeditionary forces to invade the East. In fact, the religious incentives for the Crusades were not merely to seize The Holy Land and the pilgrimage of the believers are not hindered by the pagans. The Holy See hopes to unify the Orthodox Church of Constantinople and combat the power of the pagans in the East. In terms of politics, the implementation of the eldest son inheritance system in Western Europe is also the reason. In the Eastern Mediterranean, the Byzantine Empire was unable to resist the powerful Seljuk Turks of the Seljuk dynasty, and the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 even Emperor Romanus IV was also captured, and a potential political vacuum is forming. Economically, the rapid population growth in Western Europe and the lag in land development have caused a large number of civilians to pin their hopes on land and freedom in the outside world; Italy In order to gain more profits, Venice and Genoa also hoped to exchange their support for the Crusades in exchange for ports and markets in the eastern Mediterranean. Products from the East (China and India) and gold from West Africa, after being unloaded on ships in the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, must pass through ports controlled by them before they can be shipped to Europe.) From the perspective of religious, political, and economic reasons, cross The emergence of the military campaign was also an inevitable result of the development of social contradictions in Western Europe at that time. IV) Also captured, a potential political vacuum is forming. In terms of economy, the rapid population growth in Western Europe and the lag in land development have made a large number of civilians hope for land and freedom in the outside world; Venice and Genoa in Italy also hope to exchange support for the Crusades in exchange for the Mediterranean Sea in order to obtain more profits. Eastern ports and markets (At that time, the profit of Italian merchants was based on occupying the ports on the east coast of the Mediterranean. In this way, the goods of Arab merchants, including products from the East (China and India), and gold from West Africa, were unloaded on ships in the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. , Must pass through ports controlled by them before they can be shipped to Europe.). From a variety of reasons such as religion, politics, and economy, the birth of the Crusades was also an inevitable result of the development of social contradictions in Western Europe at that time.
In February 1096, the priest Peter of the Abbey of Amiens in France and the German knight Falter organized the first crusade composed of serfs and civilians from Western Europe. It was called the "Poor People's Crusade" in history and marched to the east with great strength. . By the way, the Seljuk Turks mentioned here, the descendants of the Turks who were active on the border of China in the Far East earlier, are a member of the Ugus tribe of the Western Turkic Khanate. It was the Chinese conquering and expelling them in the seventh century that forced the Turks to stay away from their homes and seek development in Asia Minor. In the tenth century, under the leadership of its chief Seljuk, he crossed the Syr Darya River into the middle of the river area, so he was called the Seljuk Turkic people. Therefore, the outbreak of the Crusades was unbelievably related to the Chinese people. The soldiers who participated in the expedition had crosses sewn with red cloth stitched on their clothes, so they were called "Crusades." But this "Poor People's Crusade" was a mob. Before they could get the response and dispatch of their respective monarchs, they hurriedly went east to realize their dreams. For such a huge expeditionary army, lack of supplies is a fatal problem, so they staged what the Li Guangli expeditionary army of the Western Han Dynasty of China did centuries ago in Central Asia. Thing-they had to plunder for survival along the way. This army, full of hatred against the heathens, passed like a locust plunder, crossing the Danube into Eastern Europe. The first to be trampled on was Hungary, which was looted and killed tens of thousands. Then came the Byzantium, who had appealed to them for help, and near Belgrade, they and the Slavs suffered a loss. A few months later, the Crusaders, with less than half their original strength, finally crossed the Bosphorus Strait to Asia Minor with the help of the treacherous Byzantine emperor Alexei I. They went to die, and the result was naturally annihilated, with only a few thousand survivors.
3. Regarding the King
of Jerusalem in the film "Heaven" of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the leper is impressed by everyone. In fact, he is the sixth monarch of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This family is very interesting, and his ancestors have acted in style. A very capable character. It's a pity that the country that has been assembled with one hand and one kick is not very long.
In 1095, the Pope called on Catholic aristocrats and lords to summon an army to wage a holy war against the Seljuks, and the first crusade broke out. In the course of this Eastern Expedition, the Crusaders established a series of Crusader countries in the east to consolidate their power. These countries, backed by the support of Western forces, are bridgeheads against the Islamic world. Two of these countries are quite related, one is the Kingdom of Edsab, and the other is the so-called "kingdom of heaven" in the film-the Kingdom of Jerusalem. They are related because the founders of the two countries are actually the same person, namely Baldwin (BALDWIN) I, and the leper king in the film "Heaven" is Baldwin IV.
In 1098, Baldwin I, Earl of Bren from Normandy, participated in the First Crusade. Soon after the beginning of the Eastern Crusade, this Baldwin embodied his "style" for the first time, leaving the large army without authorization and leading his own army to The city of Edessa (an ancient city in the Mesopotamia and one of the holy Christian cities) set off. At that time, Edessa City was besieged by Seljuks for two months, and our uncle Baldwin was like Shandong Shiyu Song Gongming, Shi Shiran appeared on the stage. Reinforcements arrived and the Seljuks withdrew. At that time, the Edessa military commander was called Diolos, and he was grateful for Uncle Bao's timely assistance, and his admiration was like a torrential river. At this time, the founder of the Kingdom of Jerusalem showed his style for the second time. In March 1098, Baldwin formed an alliance with Tiolos and recognized him as his adopted son and heir. In March of the same year, Uncle Baldwin attacked his godson’s The camp hijacked his whole family and asked the godson to use the control of Edessa City in exchange for the lives of the whole family. The poor godson was reluctant to be forced to agree to his family and handed over the city, but he immediately became the third practice of Uncle Baldwin's style. The whole family, including himself, was ruined. In this way, in 1098, Baldwin established the Edsab State, called Baldwin I.
Now put the styled Baldwin I aside for the time being, and talk about another man with style. This man was called Goldford, and he was a prince, to be precise, Prince Buren of France. And he is the elder brother of Uncle Bao. As the saying goes, heroes come out of troubled times. At the end of the 11th century, Europe was also in chaos. The princes, nobles, and lords were idle all day long. It just so happened that the Holy See called on everyone to march east, and the muzzle finally found a consistent direction to the outside world, so there was no trouble, and a swarm of people went east to make a fortune. Aristocracy has always been characterized by a family business model. During the Crusades, many families went eastward, and the two brothers Goldford and Baldwin were a model. But the two brothers are very independent, have a sense of direction, and don't go to the same place (there are too many places to grab, and they work separately). One year after his younger brother successfully settled in Edessa, his elder brother finally led the troops to reach the knot of Jerusalem and surrounded it. The ensuing siege lasted 8 days, and the brother's family and soldiers would lose about 70%. The world called it pain! However, finally on July 15, 1099, the Crusaders broke through Jerusalem. After a short rest, Lord Goldford ordered the massacre of the city. It was a nightmare for the pagans in Jerusalem on the day of the broken city. Once Christians who believe in God are armed and go to battle, they are no different from secular thugs. They may do evil in the name of God and justice. A halo of freedom from condemnation of conscience, because when doing evil is in the name of God, and there is "the man who is not tainted with blood will be cursed" Spell. After the city was broken, the holy city was full of slaughter and looting of civilians. Islamic pagans were headed. In the Al-Aqsa Mosque alone, 70,000 innocent pagan civilians were slaughtered without a lifetime. Uncle Goldford, like his younger brother, is also a very stylish person. The people below asked him to be the king of Jerusalem. He was very angry and said, "Is it this way?" ! I'm here to protect the Holy Sepulchre! So he gave himself a very stylized title, called "Guardian of the Holy Sepulchre", in this capacity he is in charge of the saint. But the life of Uncle Goldford was not very good. He only served as the "Guardian of the Holy Sepulchre" for one year. In 1100, Goldford died in Jerusalem. The second master Baldwin arrived from Edessa at the same time, and he was crowned King of Jerusalem without hesitation in front of his brother's body. The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem was officially established, marking the return of the Holy City. In accordance with Bao Erye's consistent behavior and the amazing speed of action during this time, I doubt that the death of Brother Uncle is a bit tricky, haha, but this is completely out of speculation and no basis in fact.
The above is the origin of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in "The Kingdom of Heaven".
4. The inheritance of the kingdom before
Baldwin IV. Baldwin IV was the son of the younger brother of Baldwin I’s cousin’s grandson. It seems that the blood relationship between the two kings seems to be a bit distant, but Baldwin IV’s actions did not give him What shame the ancestors. Before talking about Baldwin IV’s ruling career of less than 30 years, let’s briefly review the inheritance and major events of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the previous 170 years, so as not to be abrupt.
After Baldwin I was successfully crowned, the joy was not mentioned. If Taizu Bao’s previous actions reflected the cruelty of the founding monarch without exception, then his subsequent governance of the country reflected his outstanding military and political skills. First of all, he was very clever to occupy a series of ports on the east coast of the Mediterranean and put them under the rule of the kingdom. This role was to ensure the passage of Europe to the hinterland of the Islamic world, and the Mediterranean countries voluntarily in order to protect the common military and trade routes. The ground guards the east coast of Jerusalem, ready to provide strong support at any time, and then he established suzerainty in Edessa, Antioch and Tripoli, making these three shrimps a subsidiary of Jerusalem, so that Jerusalem does not need to be surrounded by Islamic forces. It appears to be a mere shadow. After a few scattered hands came down, the kingdom of Jerusalem flourished for a while.
In 1118, the lovely man Baldwin I finally belched. The kingdom was handed over to his cousin, King Edessa, Baldwin II. This II is not like Qin II, but it makes people think that he is really a bit of a bit of a bit. During his reign, he fought with the Seljuks many times and was captured many times, but every time he was magical. Ban An Ran got away without any problems, and he was not ashamed when he came back, and continued to go out on a high-headed horse. As a result of the campaign, when he died in 1131, compared to Baldwin I’s territory, the kingdom increased almost the entire Palestine area, reaching the central part of today’s Lebanon.
From then on, the leaders of the Kingdom of Jerusalem were the daughter and son-in-law of Baldwin II. The daughter, as the heir of the royal lineage, represented the political and clan inheritance, while the son-in-law was mainly responsible for the national military security and exercised authority. What’s interesting is that this man named Falk is also an excellent military commander, but he doesn’t like to go out with a whip like his old husband, but only securely guarantees the safety of the entire kingdom. During his lifetime, he succeeded. It resisted the Zengji dynasty's attacks on Jerusalem and other crusaders, and ensured that the followers of Jesus Christ could continue to live and work here. Falk unfortunately fell to his horse and died in a hunting operation in 1143. Taking this opportunity, the Zengji Dynasty captured Edessa. This event caused the Second Crusade in 1147.
In 1153, Falk’s wife abdicated and his son Baldwin III ascended the throne. In this generation, the excellent lineage of the Baldwin family has not faded. According to historical records, the three young masters took his sword and conquered Ascolon, Egypt's last land in Palestine. But at the same time, the promising monarch Naadin, the second-generation leader of the Zengji dynasty, also stepped onto the stage of history. He conquered Damascus and unified the Islamic world in Syria, posing a huge threat to the crusaders. .
In 1162, Baldwin's third master died. His younger brother Amarick I came to the throne, who was also the father of Baldwin IV in the film "Heaven". Starting from Amarik, the father and son have been burdened with the fate of long-term confrontation with the two great leaders of the Islamic world-Naadin and Saladin. During the 12-year ruling career of King Amarik I, while antagonizing Naadin, he also tried to conquer the whole of Egypt, but ended in failure. In 1174, he and Naadin were as if they had made an appointment, belching one after another. It is estimated that the hero was lonely. One died and the other committed suicide. In this way, the throne finally passed to Baldwin IV. This child, who was only 13 years old and had leprosy at the age of 9, was destined to provoke the last burden of the kingdom to face the most dangerous enemy in his life-Saladin.
V. The Last Strong-The Story of a Leper
In 1161, at the Jerusalem Cathedral, the Archbishop of Tyre baptized a baby. It was the baby's uncle who presided over the baptism and was also his godfather, King Baldwin III of Jerusalem. An episode occurred during the baptism. When the king gave his name as a gift to the newborn, a close official of the king made a joke: As the king of a country, it is too stingy to give only one name to his nephew. Is there any other more formal gift? The king laughed, pointing to the holy cross and said: "Then I will give him another gift, the King of Jerusalem!" This incident was recorded by the court officials present. But no one thought at the time that the king, who was in his prime, would suddenly become ill the following year.
Baldwin was very active when he was young. He liked to learn to fight, and he liked to play military games with his partners. When he was nine years old, he and his partner stabbed each other with wooden sticks under the guidance of the teacher, and he was stabbed in the left arm by his partner. The teacher was surprised to find that while reprimanding his companion loudly, even though Baldwin's left arm had been tattooed and bruised, he still didn't take it seriously. At first the teacher thought this was due to Baldwin's innate tenacity, and then upon questioning, he discovered that Baldwin had no pain in this stabbing. After the court doctor's diagnosis and treatment, it was confirmed that the nine-year-old prince was suffering from the most terrifying and heaviest leprosy at the time-leprosy knot. The news that the heir to the throne had leprosy was tightly sealed, but the paper couldn't contain the fire. Baldwin showed more and more illnesses. In order to cover his eyes, he had to start adding clothes to cover his body. Therefore, in the film "Heaven", the image of Baldwin IV we see is not far from the truth of history. Nevertheless, when Baldwin was eleven or two years old, it was no secret among the upper-class nobles that he suffered from leprosy. It seems that God always tricks others. If Baldwin’s father, Amarick I, lived longer, then Baldwin might die before he succeeded to the throne, and he would not have to bear the great responsibility of the kingdom with a corrupt body. However, in 1174, Naadin suddenly became ill when he was vying for the position of Islamic leader with the newly risen Saladin. The ambitious Amarik I (family tradition, has always been the case) immediately expedition to Egypt, ready to unite with Naadin. The remaining forces solved Saladin, but suffered an emergency on the way, had to withdraw their troops and died on the way home.
This year Baldwin was only 13 years old. According to the traditional aristocratic tradition, 15 is the age to inherit the title. Regarding the inheritance of the throne, the belching Amarick did not have time to leave any deaths at all. What percentage can a 13-year-old leper expect? In spite of this, the high-level council in Jerusalem still proposed in the emergency meeting that Baldwin should succeed to the throne, and a resolution was passed by a unanimous vote. Is open to everyone. The strange thing is that the kingdom was relatively calm after the news, and there were not too many people running away. Instead, the Holy See brought pressure. Because at the time it was generally believed that leprosy was God’s punishment for sinners, the Holy See thought that let a person suffer from leprosy. It's hard to justify people with divine punishment to rule the Holy Land. However, the Jerusalem Council ignored the attitude of the Holy See, and the Archbishop of Jerusalem responded to the Holy See that the king is already the king of holy oil. Please do not question the Lord's authority and decisions in the world! So the Holy See rested wherever it was cool. Regarding Baldwin’s coronation, there is a legend. It is said that when he was crowned, an eagle flew into the church and landed directly on the crown where the bishop was about to be crowned, and opened its wings to form a cross on the crown. One said that the green cross he had dreamed of was at hand. So far, the green cross logo has been kept on the flag of the International Leprosy Prevention Association.
But always because of the king’s young age, the parliament temporarily appointed a regent. This person is called Raymond, that is, the Tiamus in the film "Heaven". This person has a good status in the kingdom and is a hospital knight. The leader of the regiment, in the movie "Heaven", the Knights Hospital and the Knights Templar belong to two different forces. This is consistent with historical facts, but in fact, the history of the Knights Templar is longer than that of the Knights Templar, and In the Falk period, he was directly under his control and had many glorious achievements. In short, Raymond swore allegiance to the king and temporarily regent. At this point, Jerusalem is about to enter the historical period described in "The Kingdom of Heaven". And the King of Leprosy played by Edward Norton will also usher in a glorious time with few remaining in his life. In the film "Heaven", Barrian appeared after the Battle of Mongissa and on the eve of the Battle of Harding. It is estimated that it should be in 1185 or 1186. In fact, the appearance of Baron Baron in history was much earlier than this time. As early as when Baldwin IV was crowned in 1174, Barrian and his brother Baldwin (this Baldwin is not P.Baldwin, a different person of the same name) appeared on the stage of history as supporters of Raymond when they elected the regent. Therefore, he was of course not a blacksmith, but a hereditary aristocrat who was not deceived by real gold and silver, and he was also a generation higher than Baldwin IV in terms of generation, because in 1177 he married the widow of Amarick I. It was Baldwin IV’s mother who was his wife, but in the film it was changed to say that he and Baldwin IV’s sister (actually her sister) had a leg, which was fun, but it’s unlikely that he was not that young. When Baldwin IV died , Barrian is nearly sixty years old. Because his territory is in Iberlin, he is also called Barrian of Iberlin.
Now back to the time when Baldwin was enthroned. Raymond, a veteran nobleman, is not a Dorgon-like figure. He wants to command the world without power. On the contrary, he is a relatively rational or conservative dove. Saladin. He has the least self-knowledge, knowing that he is not Saladin's opponent, and in all fairness, even he is not, then who is? Look back at the tightly wrapped young leper who has been silent under the mask all year round. All Raymond wanted was peace.
This wish lasted only three years. In 1177, Saladin finally completed his base camp with Egypt as his base camp, Damascus as the unity of religion and politics, and the entire Syrian Islamic world as a winged foundation, and reached a peace agreement with the Eastern Roman Empire, completing his strategic vision of distant relations and close offensives. Everything was preparing for the capture of Jerusalem. At this time, his desires swelled unprecedentedly, and he only wanted to achieve immortal achievements. In his eyes, the kingdom of Jerusalem after the death of Amarik I no longer had anyone who could compete with him. So, in the autumn of 1177, Saladin led 30,000 Seljuks to set off.
On the Jerusalem side, three years later proved that Regent King Raymond did not possess the means and ability to control all the powers of the kingdom. He only mastered the Knights Templar, but he failed to master another important power, the Knights Templar. The kingdom formed another power besides him-the new knight nobles headed by Leonard, and the Knights Templar was their capital. This Reynald (Reynald is the bloodthirsty and militant red-haired fat man in the film, who was beaten by Baldwin with a whip). The old Mr. Raymond is a dove, while Leonard is an out-and-out hawk. For the sake of strategic direction, Raymond maintains his pressure on Leonard by virtue of his status as the regent. Reynard has never had the opportunity to provoke the Islamic world. However, they didn't know that the king of the desert no longer needed their provocation.
In the autumn of 1177, Saladin's 30,000 cavalry was divided into two groups to launch an offensive. Among them, 20,000 attacked the Gaza Strip where the Knights Templar were (is this place name familiar?), and 10,000 surrounded Ascalon.
Jerusalem was almost unprepared and was caught off guard at the beginning. They didn't even get any information beforehand. The result of the mistakes in the intelligence work was that before the enemy arrived in Ascalon, the king was accompanied by a small number of troops to the place and automatically sent the lamb to the hungry tiger's mouth. This year, the juvenile patient with leprosy reached the age of sixteen and still lived under a mask all day. In the three years since he became the throne, he can only continue to remain silent in the chaotic state of affairs. In the choice of national strategy, No one thought of asking the opinion of this leper who might die one day. However, no one noticed that the blood and qualities of the Baldwin family have slowly formed in his body, and they are about to burn in the few life journeys in the future. The Seljuks soon realized that the King of Jerusalem was besieged by them in Ascalon. The ecstatic Saladin immediately organized his troops to carry out a fierce attack on the area, vowing to capture the enemy chieftain alive. The king's knight guard calmly and without any idea defended the monarch's surroundings, holding on to the final battle. However, at this time, they heard calm and clear instructions from the children behind them. The knights turned to look at the king in amazement, then bowed and raised their swords to carry out their orders. After repelling the Seljuk's offensive, the young tactical genius of the Baldwin family seized the gap between the opponent's organizational offensive and led the tent to break through. After hearing the news, Saladin was furious and sent Mamluk cavalry guards to chase him wildly, but to no avail. Baldwin did not retreat to Jerusalem after breaking through the siege. He sent a correspondent to order knights from all over the country to come and meet him immediately, and at the same time set off to the station of the Knights Hospital. There, he met Leonard, who led the remnants of the Knights Templar to break through. The embarrassed Leonard originally thought that the besieged king had returned to heaven in advance, but he did not expect that the king was already deploying a decisive battle. For the first time, he felt the majesty exuded under the silver mask, and for the first time realized the king's rights and majesty. Therefore, the King of Jerusalem assembled the main army and met Saladin, who also came to capture Jerusalem, in Mongissa.
On November 25th, at the Battle of Montgisard, Balwin IV attacked Saladin's 30,000 men with 500 knights, 80 Templars and thousands of infantry, and won the victory. Saladin's Mamluk guards (Mamluk) were almost completely wiped out. The troops were hit hard, with 20,000 casualties. Even Saladin himself fled back to Egypt on a fast camel. This is the rare defeat of Saladin's life. Here is an introduction to what the Mamluk cavalry is. The Mamluk cavalry came from Egypt, but not composed of Egyptians, but a slave regiment composed of people from Thrace, Macedonia in Greece, Armenia in the Caucasus, Azerbaijan and other places. But this slave corps is different from the others. The Mamluk cavalry were all bought or abducted from their hometown when they were less than six years old. These boys basically didn't know their family and life background. All boys who have been screened are castrated, and then put into ruthless military training. Their main courses are equestrianism and fighting. Generally, one-third of boys die in the process of adulthood, and survivors are naturally trained to have no family, no affection, or even carnal war machine.
This defeat caused Saladin to retreat to the east to train the troops. However, the war genius was unwilling to lose in the hands of a weak leper. After a one-year rest, in 1179, Saladin led an army to attack Leonard and the Knights Templar in Spring Valley. Baldwin heard the news and immediately brought the army to fight. The two sides faced each other for a long time, and Saladin could not take advantage. So the two sides concluded a two-year truce. The King of the Desert was finally refused to be outside the territory of Jerusalem.
In the film "Heaven", Baldwin told Sibylla (the princess in the film) when he was dying that he seemed to have returned to the year he was 16 years old when a vigorous young man commanded the kingdom and defeated the elite of Saladin. This battle was the battle of Mongissa in 1177. At the beginning of the movie, all this is the past. What we see is a king who is about to end his life, but its light completely obscures the so-called blacksmith protagonist and the quarrelling people of all kinds, even including Saladin.
After the Battle of Spring Valley in 1179, Saladin returned to the desert and continued to wait for the chance to recover the Holy Land. During this period of time, many complicated things happened among the people in the Holy Land. When a powerful enemy comes, people may be able to temporarily put aside their differences and unite against the enemy, but once the foreign troubles are resolved, everything will immediately return to the original trajectory. After the death of Yuan Shao in the Three Kingdoms era, Cao Cao was not eager to enter troops but waited for the Yuan family brothers to fight. After Japan surrendered, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party went to war immediately, which confirmed this law.
After experiencing the two battles of Mongissa and Springs Valley, Raymond and Leonard began to have a new understanding of the "leprosy" thing.
The result of the realization is that there are two important points. The first point is: as Baldwin IV said when he beat Leonard in the film "Heaven", "Jerusalem, I am the only one". Both factions must converge. I think I can master what strategic direction. Only the will of the king is the will of the country. After the Battle of Mongissa, Raymond resigned from the post of regent and surrendered his power; the second point: the king’s life alone will not be long, so on the surface Actions must be converged, but secretly preparations must be done. Since there is no chance to make a move for the time being, let's practice internal strength by yourself first, anyway, you have to get through the two channels of Ren and Du before the opponent.
At the beginning, Raymond's development momentum was quite good. He started from strengthening the internal dispatch, and really was practicing internal strength. After the Battle of Mongissa in 1177, he immediately asked his close comrade Barian to marry the widow wife of King Amarik I (Scott’s adaptation allowed Barrian to complete his mother-daughter-take-all cause). In other words, he was transformed into the boss of the king's stepfather. At the same time, Baldwin’s condition made it impossible for the kingdom to take the initiative to launch a war, so during this time, it seemed that Raymond’s faction had the upper hand. But Leonard on the other side is not idle either. Although he lacks talent in internal cultivation, it does not hinder his great determination to be a master outsider. First, he brought the new knight noble Kotenay and the Lucien family into his camp, and then vulgar and effective marriage methods were also used, marrying the daughter of an important noble who helped the kingdom to defend the southeastern part of the Dead Sea as his wife. After taking these few big tonic pills, this gentleman's horizontal exercises also appeared quite impressive.
Baldwin is struggling to maintain the stability of the kingdom with his increasingly serious illness. At the same time, he also knows that the restless courtiers are already preparing for the rainy day. However, he can only smile bitterly under the mask because he can be the king of Jerusalem but I dominate. , You can also let Saladin stay in the desert, but you can't violate the destiny that God arranged for him. The facts are in front of you. His life will be soon. Not only others, even he himself has been silently waiting for that moment to come.
In 1180, a new visitor came to Jerusalem. A young noble knight, this man's name is Guy of Lusignan. That is the idiot in the film "Heaven". The arrival of this person added an unpredictable variable to the undercurrent surging kingdom, prompting new changes in the situation that had been stalemate before, and playing a decisive role in the future direction of the kingdom. Guy's IQ and talents are aside for the time being, but he is likely to be a handsome man. Because he captured the heart of Princess Sibila shortly after he arrived in Jerusalem. Sibila was also a widow. She had a husband and a son before, but her husband died early. Anyway, the princess who hooked up with the fairy prince in the movie actually fell in love with Mr. Guy in reality. Eros and passion were spurred by the two parties, and soon the stage of talking about marriage was reached.
Raymond opposed this marriage, because Leonard had already recruited too many new foreign nobles, and no one knew what the new Guy was. He had to be vigilant. But his behavior once again proved his limitations, because at this time Guy is actually still a neutralist. The smart way is to observe the development of things, understand the public's views on this marriage, and then add the icing on the cake when appropriate. Or it could be a help in the snow, gaining Gay’s gratitude and finally pulling him into the group. However, Raymond did not do any research and decided to express his opposition. This is a relatively easy but rather stupid approach. Although one of the two major forces expressed opposition, the development of public opinion has made this matter more and more maneuverable. The general public believes that the aristocracy behind Gay is very powerful. If he is recruited, Jerusalem will receive a strong foreign aid. People even think of Queen Merissad and his husband Falk. If this Gay is also a man A good person like Falk (with a big smile) can inherit the king's career, coupled with his resource background, isn't it a beautiful thing? In this way, Guy became the son-in-law of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and immediately he responded to Raymond’s previous “friendly” behavior and joined Leonard’s camp without hesitation (previously Naadin and Saladin) , Now it is Raymond and Leonard, I am going crazy with me, why can't foreigners take more distinctive names?). At this time, apart from regretting his behavior, Raymond might also be thinking why Barrian couldn’t be younger and handsome. In that case, he could seduce Sibila directly instead of marrying someone for comparison. The old widow queen with very limited effect.
Perhaps it was because the happiness came so suddenly that Leonard, who had received a strong help without any effort, felt a little ecstatic. In 1181, he arbitrarily broke the truce agreement, robbed an Islamic caravan, and attacked the coastal area of the Red Sea, and smashed the ships on which the pilgrims were going to Mecca. Plan and prepare to implement, in short, have a lot of fun in the Red Sea. Saladin couldn't sit still, and couldn't help it. He led an army in 1182 and vowed to teach these untrustworthy heretics. It is said in the movie that Saladin led an army of 200,000 people, but it is not so exaggerated. That year, in that place, the maximum number of gang fights was 30,000 to 50,000 people. At this time, Baldwin's condition had reached a very serious stage, and some parts of his body had begun to rot. He could no longer handle too much government affairs and had to hand over most of the power to his brother-in-law, and Gay became the second regent.
In 1183, Saladin attacked Jerusalem. Two Western Crusaders came to help (Guy was really not a boast. Although he was a prodigal, he was indeed a princeling, and he did hold some precious resources in his hands). The kingdom's army went forward to the Sea of Galilee, where it blocked the way of Saladin. The army's operation was commanded by the regent Guy who just came to power, and Er Lei was assisted by his assistant. Baldwin stayed behind and watched the performance ahead with a trace of anxiety. When the king was not there, Er Lei started to talk nonsense again, nothing more than insisting on an argument with a decisive battle going out. Raymond believes that the enemy is an army from far away, with a large number of people and high morale, but supplies are limited. The decisive battle is exactly what they expect and should be adhered to. It goes without saying that Leonard's opinion is that everyone knows that there will always be only two words in his spiritual world: PK. Guy feels that Raymond seems to make some sense this time, but asking him as the leader of the ruling party to listen to the opinions of the opposition party is really unreasonable. If nothing else, do you want to be the leader of the party? So he decided to go out and meet Saladin.
Every move in the front is mastered by the leper behind. Baldwin could no longer sit and watch him do stupid things. After learning about his brother-in-law’s intentions, he immediately dragged his crippled body to the front, and finally arrived before Guy’s departure, stopping his stupid behavior and taking over the army’s command.
Before that, Saladin had challenged several times, using various methods to lure Kigai out to a decisive battle, and was very happy to see that he was about to succeed. But when he was ready to go, he learned that the Christian army was still standing still. The depressed Saladin sent someone to investigate, and the result was that the opposing barracks raised the king's flag. So he knew that the leper, the half-dead leper, was still here. The desert king stayed silent for a long time in the military tent, and finally ordered the withdrawal of the army, silently returning to the desert to wait for the day when his leprosy opponent died.
I personally recognize Scott's interpretation of this passage in the movie, and it fully embodies Baldwin's spirit and irreparable sadness.
The guy who returned to Jerusalem didn't know that he had just returned from the ghost gate. He thought that the king's behavior had caused him a lot of face, and he ran to the palace to have a quarrel with his brother-in-law, clamoring that he would no longer obey the king's orders in the future. Baldwin, who was lying on the sickbed, looked at him coldly, and forcibly resisted not letting her sister become a widow for the second time. Guy's behavior has made him fully aware of what it is. He deprived Gay of the right to reign and his territories in Jaffa and Askad, and sent the Grand Master and the commanders of the two knights to the West for help. He knew that the fire of his life was about to burn out, he Saladin will arrive immediately when he dies, and he will finally fight for more defense resources for this country.
In 1185, the 24-year-old Baldwin was dying. For the inheritance of his ancestors, he supported the country with superhuman perseverance and corrosive body for eleven years, but now he can no longer support it. He summoned Raymond to make a will, appointing his 7-year-old nephew, Sibila and his ex-husband’s son Baldwin V, as the heir, and Raymond as the regent, and strictly prohibited Gay from participating in power.
In March 1185, the leper, the opponent that Saladin, the desert hero, would never be able to overcome, the last strongest and most vulnerable strongman of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Baldwin IV, finally got the final liberation of his body and soul.
Sixth, the battle for the defense of Jerusalem
After the death of Baldwin IV, the Kingdom of Jerusalem no longer could unite the main battle, the Lord and the two factions. In 1186, the child Balwyn V died of illness more than a year after his succession, at the age of 9 years. His mother Sibela became queen, and at the request of a group of Haute Court members, she had to divorce her husband Gay to get their support and ascend to the throne. After being crowned successfully, she unexpectedly married Gay again and gave him the crown to make him the King of Jerusalem. But Guy obviously does not have that talent and domestic contradiction.
Saladin did not spare a series of diplomatic efforts in the desert. The first is to stop his expansion of his fellow followers. In order to unite the entire Islamic world, he did not hesitate to respect the Haha haircut of the Abbasid dynasty of Baghdad (that is, the Chinese call the "black food"), which he has always looked down on, as a religion Leader, despite how dissatisfied and rude the faint caliph was towards him. The second is to adopt a differentiation strategy against Christians in Byzantium and Western Europe. In 1182, the Byzantine Empire, which had already been exposed, did a stupid thing, somehow broke with Western Europeans, massacred many Western Europeans, and greatly offended the Holy See. The astute Saladin took the opportunity to show his favor to Byzantium at this time, and concluded a peace treaty of non-interference and war. The rejuvenated Turkic Seljuk Empire also took the initiative to show good wishes to Saladin. In this way, his future attacks on the Crusade Kingdom were resolved in one fell swoop.
In the winter of 1186, Reynard once again robbed an Egyptian caravan from Cairo to Damascus like a thief, as he used to do. Tearing up the peace agreement between King Balwyn IV and Saladin. This made Saladin, who had a generous personality, also angry, because the Egyptians were his people. He first politely protested to King Gay of Jerusalem, asking them to release the merchants and return the goods. Reynard, who knew nothing about life and death, said contemptuously, let Saladin go to Muhammad to ask for it. The implication was to let him go to hell! Saladin was furious and vowed to kill the rascal Leonard himself. The holy city of Jerusalem was originally his goal, and this time just gave him ample excuse.
In late June 1187, Saladin mobilized a large number of soldiers and horses from the headquarters of the empire and the territories of Howland, Aleppo, Izdin Mosul and other territories, about 20,000 people, assembled in Egypt, marched towards the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and launched The battle to overthrow the holy city. He adopted the tactic of hitting the west and besieging the city of Tbilisi (also translated as Tiberias). The city of Tbilisi was the vassal of Ashfath, Countess of Tripoli, and she knew that she would not be able to go under Saladin. After several rounds, he hurriedly asked her husband Raymond to ask Guy for help. Raymond is a veteran with many battles. Although he is violent, he is a clear-headed military commander. He also knows the strength of Saladin. Therefore, when his wife asks for help, he advocates not to move and act prudently. If this battle is presided over by him, perhaps Saladin may not be able to easily succeed. However, at that time, the upper echelons of the Jerusalem regime were full of contradictions. Several powerful figures such as Leonard and Gerard of Ridford, the leader of the "Knights Templar", and King Gay, had their own ghosts and intrigues with each other. Fighting for power, the gap is extremely deep. Leonard is an avid knight, so he yelled Raymond as a coward and a traitor, and tried his best to persuade Guy to send his troops. Immediately, 1200 knights, 2,000 cavalry, and more than 10,000 infantry were formed. Regardless of Raymond's repeated warnings, they proceeded toward Tbilisi. All this is under the control of Saladin. There is a long section of plateau desert from Jerusalem to the city of Tbilisi. When Saladin pretended to attack Tbilisi, he had laid ambushes in this area. The Crusaders continued to suffer The ambushes and harassment of Saladin's riding and shooting troops were tortured and haggard, and the marching speed was very slow. On July 4, when the Crusaders arrived near Harding with difficulty, they were exhausted. Because the water source was cut off, the soldiers were all very hot, hungry and thirsty, and the main force was out of touch. The previous enthusiasm of chivalry had no fighting spirit at this time, so that this original battle of comparable strength presented a completely one-sided situation. . The formation and tactics of the cavalry and infantry in the Crusade did not work at all, and they were quickly defeated under the intensive siege of Saladin. Until the end, the king will be like the sacred object of the highest totem of religious belief (perhaps equivalent to the handsome flag in the ancient Chinese army) "True.
For the Battle of Hattin, Saladin was fully prepared for it, from psychological warfare to fire attack, inexhaustible, which is comparable to any brilliant commander in Chinese history. In the end, the battle of Harding was completely won. In this fierce battle, the entire Crusade was annihilated and the holy relic fell into the hands of Saladin, the pagan. Gerard of Ridford and Bishop Aka, the leader of the Knights Templar, were killed in action. King Gay and Reina were killed. De was captured, only Raymond rate a small amount of confidant to make a bloody way out of the encirclement. But died three months later. After the crushing defeat of the Crusades, the cities of the Kingdom of Jerusalem are within easy reach.
On September 20, 1187, after the victory of the Battle of Harding, Saladin's army surrounded Jerusalem. After two weeks of siege, the city of Jerusalem finally offered to surrender. Friday, October 2, 1187, July 27, 583 (27th day of Rajab in the year 583 after Hidjra), also known as the Muslim Day of Ascension, Saladin entered the city of Jerusalem. After being ruled by the Crusaders for 88 years, Muslims once again ruled the city. Saladin accomplished one of the greatest feats in Islamic history. The Muslim world worships Saladin, of course because Saladin is their unborn hero for thousands of years, and is their eternal pride. But in the eyes of other nations in the West and the East, Saladin is most respected for his noble demeanor and generosity, rather than his military talents, because every great nation can find several merits no less than His hero. At that time, there were more than 100,000 Christians in the recovered holy city of Jerusalem, as well as a large number of captured crusaders. Everyone felt that disaster was imminent. They were talked about by Christians in this city more than 80 years ago. The massacre of Islamic pagans that has been recorded in the annals of history is still in my ears. If Muslims want to avenge bloody revenge for the massacre, no one would think it was reasonable at that time. However, Saladin's actions were completely unexpected. Immediately after breaking the city, he ordered the soldiers not to kill and plunder, preserve the lives and property of all Christians, and allow them to return home with their property after paying a small amount of ransom. This is simply an incredible move. More than 80,000 Christians have embarked on the way back home under the protection of Saladin’s Islamic heathen soldiers. Saladin's younger brother Adil also acted like a brother. He actually took out money from his private house to give the husband's widow who died in battle some household expenses, and paid a ransom for more than 2,000 poor Christians. In fact, only more than 18,000 people could afford the ransom, but then many poor people who could not pay the ransom were let go by their brothers casually. In addition to the general belief that Saladin’s release of Christians was due to his own generosity and benevolence, there are also two not-so-widely spread theories: One is that Saladin released Christians because of Jesus. The Christian defenders in the city took the Islamic people in the city as hostages, threatened to die together, destroyed the holy city, and razed the Omar Mosque to the ground, in order to coerce Saladin into promising to release all Christians. However, if you refer to Saladin’s habitual magnanimous style of this kind of argument, you will know that it is not valid; another argument is that Saladin was influenced and persuaded by his personal Christian friends, which prompted him to show mercy to Christ. Disciple’s decision. Saladin was very kind to the prisoners of war. He released King Gay and the noble knights lightly. Ordinary officers and soldiers were not killed, but were sold as trophies to Egypt for hard labor.
Saladin's actions not only embarrassed Westerners but also Chinese people. In Chinese history, it is not difficult to find an emperor commander with military talents and merits comparable to Saladin. However, Bai Qi slayed 400,000 of Zhao’s soldiers, the King of Western Chu slayed 200,000 of Qin’s troops, and the parachutist Li Guang also killed 800 Qiangs. Although the Hussar General was brave and brave, he went out every time. He brought hundreds of thousands of heads back at every turn...In the cruel wars of the Dark Ages, Saladin was the only humanitarian. However, Saladin is the monarch of Muslims after all, and has irreconcilable points with the Holy See in terms of religious beliefs. The only thing he hates is the members of the "Knights Templar" founded by the Pope of Rome, that is, the legendary paladins and rangers. He regards these people as enemies of the faith and it is difficult to tolerate them. Therefore, the "Knights Templar" is included. About 200 paladins including the regiment were executed, and some ordinary soldiers who did not want to be slaves to pagans also voluntarily joined the ranks of paladins to die. The reason why I spend so much writing on this famous allusion of Saladin's interpretation of Christians is because Saladin is the horror king Bin Laden and the tyrant Sada, who are hailed as Islamic heroes by Muslims in today's Muslim world. My idol. Mr. Bin Laden doesn’t need to talk about him anymore. The Saladin he worships is indeed the patron saint of Muslims. Bin Laden himself often praises himself. However, Saladin never targets civilians and spends his entire life with honesty and integrity. The western army fights. Many Muslims regard Mr. Bin Laden as an Islamic hero, but if he is compared with Saladin, it is a blasphemy of his national and religious heroes. Bin Laden is actually a descendant of Hassan bin Sabah, a contemporary of Saladin. He belongs to the Shi'ite sect. Ye Pai is hailed as the "Avenger of Allah". At that time, the famous kings of the East and the West who were invincible on the battlefield also had a headache for these invisible and intangible opponents. Even Saladin gave them three points, so that he and the German emperor and the French king gave a lot of money to Kazakhstan. Mulberry pays "protection fees." Bin Bin Laden's "Al Qaeda" terrorist organization is like a replica of Hassan's Assassin Assassin organization. So, in contrast, Saladin is a heroic and stalwart husband, while Mr. Bin Laden stands in front of him like a wretched and invisible thief. As for Saddam, he is also the famous figure I said in the first chapter who was born in Tikrit in northern Iraq with Saladin. Not much to say, it has been executed by the US military.
Seven, the third crusade
When Saladin regained the holy city, he was destined to usher in several powerful enemies in his life. After the Battle of Harding, the entire Christian world was shocked. Pope Urban III (Pope Urban III), who was battling red-beard Barbarossa to the death, heard the bad news and couldn’t stand the heavy blow. Went westward, kicked. His successor Pope Gregory VIII (Pope Gregory VIII) issued a call for Christians to retake the Holy Land. In 1189, the Holy Roman Emperor "Red Beard" Friedrich Barbarossa (Frederick I Barbarossa, the emperor of the German Hohenstaufen dynasty) and Richard the Lionheart King (Richard the Lionheart) of the British Gorse dynasty ) And the French King Philip II of France (Philip II of France), the three famous kings of the Cape Dynasty (Philip II of France), launched the third crusade aimed at regaining the holy city and cleaning up Saladin. . These three famous kings are one of the few great heroes in the history of their respective countries, and their historical status is just like that of China's Qin Emperor and Hanwu, Tang Zong and Song Zu. The personalities of the kings are also completely different. Barbarossa is domineering, Charlie the Lionheart is arrogant and rebellious, Augustus's early wisdom and resourcefulness, coupled with Saladin's generous and easy-going, the contrast is extremely sharp. None of the famous kings are inferior to Saladin's ability, but unfortunately they didn't win... The
above includes the past life grievances of "The Kingdom of Heaven". As for the next more exciting King Richard I (known as the "Lion Heart King") and Saladin’s protracted battle of kings, it is recommended that the director Ridley Scott put on a big movie as soon as possible. The content can be at least two episodes, plus The prequel to the previous episode (Saladin's unification of Arabia and the First Crusade). I hope that the "Kings of Heaven" series can become classics like "The Godfather", "Star Wars", "Lord of the Rings" and "The Matrix". Go Ridley Scott!
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