Some excerpts, some own thoughts
Ideology should be the glasses that distort our perspective, and ideological criticism is its opposite. But this statement is actually not accurate, ideology is not simply imposed on us, ideology is the relationship we spontaneously establish with society (spontaneity is greater than coercion, the source of this spontaneity?), and it is based on This forms our perception of things. In this sense, we are enjoying our ideology. Getting out of ideology is a very painful move. In the film "Extreme Space", NADA asked his friend to wear glasses, but his friend refused and fought for 7.8 minutes. In fact, it can be known from this that ordinary people are vaguely aware that they are living in an illusion shaped by ideology, and they are also aware of the pain that may be caused by breaking this illusion. This also brings a paradox: the extreme violence of liberation. To be free, you have to force yourself to be free. freedom hurts.
The basic point of psychoanalysis is reflected in the distinction between pleasure and pure pleasure. Pleasure is the pleasure of being distorted, even the enjoyment of pain.
In postmodern society, we suddenly have a duty to enjoy. Pleasure becomes a strange and perverted responsibility. A person who cannot enjoy himself is problematic. Desire is never a desire for something, it is always a desire for the desire itself, and it is always in excess, beyond what you originally expected. The desire here is the ideology of the former desire entity. The ultimate desire itself is to be filled with desire so as not to do what he thinks. In this view, the ultimate depression itself is the loss of desire itself.
We can't go back to the primitive society of small countries and few people, and we can't get rid of desire, get rid of excess, and consume only for actual needs. the excess is always with us
Something common to the world, such as Beethoven's music, but he may also be an ideology that makes one perceive a higher existence, a deeper feeling. But it is a kind of deep that people cannot speak. In fact, his bottom is a kind of empty viod.
If the operating formula of classical ideology is like what Marx said in Capital. They don't know what they're doing, but they're still doing it. Cynic ideology works like this: I know exactly what I'm doing, and I'm still doing it.
Psychoanalysis believes that fantasy is a lie. Not because he's unreal, but because fantasy masks a gap in consistency. Fantasies provide a simple answer when we cannot understand things because they are vague. A realistic consequence of fantasy will make people imagine the pain of others and play the role of savior in an imaginary way, while ignoring the will of the victim, that is, a possible existence of the victim. Willingness to enjoy one's own pain in a perverted way (the analysis of this point is too rational and lacks emotion. And it lacks universality. It rises to the victim's entire emotion as a partial effect of masochistic emotion, thus ignoring the active thinking of the victim itself ability). And the final result of this fantasy interfering with reality can only lead to the outbreak of violence (refer to the taxi driver) Litvez finally kills. Violence is never an abstract concept, it is a bloody intervention in reality to cover up a related sense of powerlessness
Instability is the basis of capitalist operation (because capitalism requires modernization of production, required production efficiency, and optimization of social resources, and requires shocks and reforms to inherent systems and rights, so social unrest will occur, and new Opportunities also sprouted here) Fascism saw the existence of this instability, but he could not stop his capitalist road, because the fascist movement was essentially a conservative revolution, he pursued modern production methods and social management, However, the previous class system and interests were maintained. Therefore, they invented an ideological narrative to explain the instability caused by the capitalist process, thereby shifting the revolutionary demands of the bottom for the system and existing interests, and passing on the crisis. At this time, they often create the image of a foreign invader to explain the inherent contradictions of social development. (Current China and the World). In the process of constructing a new narrative, a simplistic thinking is reflected, that is, all social problems are simply classified as a specific existence. This simplistic thinking also caters to the lack of thinking ability of the general public. , more widely recognized
In ideology, some false but specific images are often needed to consolidate our imagination (that is, a simplistic understanding mentioned above). A series of problems such as high crime rate and financial constraints. This is essentially the adoption of a false (the analysis itself is wrong, or does not constitute the main cause of the above social problems) but concrete (implemented as a single mother) image.
The way to fight Nazism is to enjoy the elements that are uniquely defined by the Nazi ideology, to enjoy the pure pleasure they had in the former ideology, and to subvert the original ideology by suspending the vision of the Nazis. of gameplay. (Here is an example of German tanks re-interpreting Nazi elements in REISE, REISE)
An advanced form of consumerism: Starbucks. The original consumerism will make some people feel a sense of emptiness and guilt, but an advanced version of consumerism conveyed by Starbucks culture is to make you a guilt-free consumer. Because this consumerism has included the cost of your anti-consumerism part in the same framework of consumerism: that is, you are fighting against consumerism at the same time as you consume. This is the highest form of consumerism.
Capitalism prefers a peculiar religious institution that is perpetually driven by the need for these things: perpetual pursuit of profit, expansion, self-reproduction, at any cost. At the same time, there is also an ecological awareness of protecting the environment. And between capitalism and ecological consciousness, there is a perverted "responsibility", because this "responsibility" itself is on the side of capitalism (according to my understanding, between capitalism and ecological consciousness, there are two types of "responsibility". In extreme cases, modern civilization cannot give up the modern life brought by capitalism, and ecological consciousness can only be remembered when it hinders the development of capitalism. Therefore, the current human responsibility for trying to balance the opposition between capitalism and ecological consciousness itself, It is a kind of perverted behavior. ps. But in Zizek's view, it seems to refer to the sense of responsibility for capitalist expansion, that is, it is perverted to sacrifice at all costs).
Walter Benjamin: We experience history when we are in such moments: not when we are involved in active things, but only when we see, It is only then that we feel history when it is partially recycled by nature. (Recycled by nature?)
Here is an example of i'm legend, when a vehicle is driving on an empty post-human street, looking at a building covered by natural vegetation, what we experience at this moment, in the words of psychoanalysis , is "the inertia of the REAL", that is, the mute presence beyond meaning, which can also be referred to. When we watch some abandoned ruins or waste (the ruins should need To connect with our experience, that is, not a relic of too long ago, but to perceive things in cognitive experience), when we face these things, he will provide a real, negative experience. Without these moments of proper insensitivity in the face of reality (insensitivity can be referred to as a passive, passive solution here. quote: moment of authentic passivity), nothing new may emerge from it. Žižek then suggested that perhaps we are at a moment in human history when we most need to 'suspension' the normal functioning of itself to examine the problems that emerge from the suspension.
Zizek's analysis of the brain hole of "Titanic" is quite interesting:
In Zizek's view, the Titanic is one of the best examples of Hollywood ideology in years. Why, because the story is full of tension that could come at any time. Accordingly, Zizek pointed out three levels to analyze this sense of unease. The first layer is the Hollywood Marxism ironically called James Cameron, the hypocritical and absurd imagining of the simple goodness of the lower class and the presupposition of the evil conceit of the upper class. The second layer, the love between rose and jack, symbolizes the upper class (rose) who was in mental pain and confusion, and her self-consciousness is broken. And JACK's role is to help her rebuild her personality. Namely her self-image (through that sketch) - it's a modernized rendition of an old imperialist myth that when the upper class is itself troubled and lifeless, they need to engage with the lower class. Just like vampires, draw enough nutrients from them, and then return to the upper-class life that is isolated from the outside world [In Zizek's view, this is the core core of Hollywood's conservative ideology conveyed by this film, and The so-called accident and love are both an incision for the audience to enter the story. Finally, ROSE pushes away the dead JACK, but verbally says I will not let you go. ]. Later, the case of the "Prague Spring" was cited to illustrate that it was precisely because of the Soviet Union's intervention that the Czech revolution failed, but in a certain sense, the fruits of this "revolution" were preserved—that is, the possibility of another road to communism (because It didn't happen, one would imagine what would have happened if the Prague Spring had been successful at that time...), the same goes for the Titanic. It is precisely because of his failure (the shipwreck) that this love was created.
One of the very disturbing settings of the Dark Knight: the widespread belief among Gotham City's elite that lies are an essential cornerstone of good governance. Once the populace realizes the hypocrisy of the lie that maintains this domination, all order will collapse. This actually hides a kind of intellectual arrogance, that is, democracy does not have the ability to understand the truth of knowledge. These views of Nolan are not new, and we can see similar views in Plato, Kant, Edmund Burke, etc. by tracing his origin, that is, the price of truth is so unbearable that a A politician should be a pessimist (i.e. pessimistic about the rational choice of democracy). So the masses need to be told a lie to maintain the status quo, even if he knows the truth. This is what Plato called a "noble fable"
Stalinism (GCism)
Stalinism does not put himself in the position of master who can do whatever he wants, on the contrary he will be loyal to the position of servant serving the "big Other". He also passed the monopoly on the definition of the "big Other" (similar to the Pope's monopoly on the will of God; within G, for the realization of GCism and the realization of QMXK and comprehensive modernization) to find rationality for many of his actions. And this big other (psychoanalytic term, The Big Ohter), in the discourse system of Stalinism, is usually referred to as "the inevitability of historical development leading to GCism", or simply, history (the sense of mission, or Everything we do is arranged by history). In this sense, a communist will use himself as a mere tool to realize a historical inevitability.
And what constitutes the basis of Stalinist rule is the concept of "people", a mythological people. A group that does not have a real subject, it is an imagined, idealised point of reference (It's some kind of imagine idealised point of reference.), and has extremely broad applicability (i.e. the ruling class monopolizes the definition, and those who do not obey their intentions will not be classified as the people. It is precisely the concept of "people" that has been falsely referred to and interpreted, so that the legitimacy of the rule itself comes from "nothingness", and it has a theoretical logic. (but at a practical level, the ruling class is aware of the core contradiction of this issue and will still take practical measures to rule). It is also because of the above concepts that the ruling class can "detach" from some acts of tyranny, or have the legitimacy of "tyranny", that is, all actions are for the realization or service of the "big other". , there is nothing wrong with "I" as a servant who executes his will.
On this logic, it is impossible to question the legitimacy of the Stalinist rulers' own rule, because to question the source of legitimacy involves the definition of the people, and the definition of the people is explained by themselves. This constitutes a contradiction. Therefore, an effective measure against Stalinism is not to criticize the rule itself, but to criticize the "people" and the myths that construct the concept of "people". In this regard, Žižek cited the example of Mills Foreman. When he watched the firemen's dance, he paid more attention to Foreman's interior space scheduling and the true appearance and criticism of people's lives. But after reading what Žižek said, I feel that it is indeed deeper: In Foreman's early works, he aimed at the "people" themselves, to expose their daily blind obedience and stupidity, thus breaking the "people". myth.
Above all. The first step towards freedom is not simply to transform reality to match your dreams, but to transform our dreams themselves. This process is very painful but necessary because all our pleasure and pain comes from our dreams themselves
Benjamin: "Every true revolution is not only directed towards the future, but also redeems the ghosts of the failed revolutions of the past and finds a home in a new freedom." The end.
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