This is a movie about war.
The male protagonist is named Edward, young, talented in art, from the upper class, and his family has a mansion and fields.
When the war started, he joined the army.
The front line meant blood and blood and countless casualties, but he caught up with the good times, really, he caught up with the good times.
On November 9, 1918, a truce was issued. He was delighted, and no longer waited for the battle, but nestled in the trenches, took out a pen and paper, and began to draw. He never imagined that there would be a moment like the one that followed.
He didn't die in battle, he didn't lose his arms or legs, he just woke up from the hospital bed and saw that the lower half of his face was wrapped in bandages .
He's handsome, so it's uncomfortable, and this face is only " handsome" .
It was the lieutenant who liked war, who crumpled the armistice order into a ball of paper and forced them to raise their guns and attack. When the shell went off, he flew out, with the dust. When I woke up, my nose was empty.
A doctor has come and performed plastic surgery for him, talking endlessly, holding a mold, and bringing a photo of the case. He wrinkled blue eyes and wrote "MERDE" on the little blackboard - shit.
Les Gueules cassées, French for "broken face", is used to refer to soldiers who have been maimed in the face by grenades, mustard gas, or tanks .
" Plastic", derived from the Greek "plastilkos", is not a medical aesthetic, but the reconstruction and repair of deformed and injured parts of the body.
In 1914, World War I broke out, with unprecedented tragic casualties.
At that time, soldiers learned to dig trenches, a simple trench that could be used to cover the body and reduce casualties from ground fire.
The opening of [Goodbye in the sky] is this kind of trench.
It's a pity that the soldier's head is not protected. Once the battle begins, the exposed head will become the focus of the enemy's attack - this is not the most terrifying.
After the explosion, the metal shrapnel of the grenade will rotate on the soldier's face, tearing the face directly , and eventually disfigurement.
In 1916, there was a young man named Walter Yo , 27 years old, a heavy gunner for the British Royal Navy. During the Battle of Jutland, he was hit by enemy artillery shells, his facial skin was completely damaged, his upper and lower eyelids disappeared, and he was rushed to the hospital for treatment.
It was founded by "Father of Plastic Surgery " Harold Gillis only two months ago .
A piece of skin was cut from Walter's chest and transplanted onto his face, covering the eyelids and the damaged area.
In this way, the first plastic surgery in the history of modern medicine was born.
They also formed a "wartime plastic medical team", which treated more than 5,000 soldiers with missing cheeks between 1917 and 1921.
Among these soldiers, those who repaired the bridge of the nose were the most.
But if you want to be perfect as before, it is almost impossible.
A declassified file revealed, " Most soldiers, although their appearance has improved, are still severely disfigured. "Only a very few have natural facial features after plastic surgery, regain confidence, and even have marriages.
In [Goodbye in Heaven] , a doctor came over and showed Edward a photo of a soldier with a facial disability.
During the film's release, a hospital borrowed the disfigured male protagonist and some pictures that appeared in the film to tell the audience about the post-war surgical deeds at that time.
In addition, there are some masks in the film.
It was used by the doctor to cover Edward's ugliness, so that he could show up in public without scaring everyone.
This practice first originated from a female sculptor.
Her name is Anna . In 1917, she built a small studio in Paris and used her professional skills to make masks for soldiers with facial disabilities. At that time, soldiers with scarred faces and empty jaws were everywhere, and Anna said:
For them, only by not seeing their own scars can they heal their wounded hearts.
In 11 months, she made 97 masks, allowing soldiers to walk freely in public areas without being frightened by those around them.
The masks in [Goodbye in Heaven] are certainly no better than Anna's work.
So Edward left the hospital with a word of "shit", hid in a small house, and started making it himself.
He has a lot of plaster casts at hand and is also imitating Anna. Before making the masks, Anna had to spend a lot of energy, using wax, plaster and other materials to make models for every wounded veteran.
The damage is captured with extreme detail to ensure that nothing goes wrong.
The mask is then covered with metal and enamel and hand-painted according to the soldier's skin tone, taking into account factors such as sunny and rainy days.
It can also be considered one of the few positive effects left by World War I for later generations.
Three thousand years ago, plastic surgery appeared.
It is called " cut nose reconstruction" , which is mentioned in the book "sushruta" by Samhita, the father of ancient Indian medicine:
For the tortured slaves, nose reconstruction was performed using the forehead and cheek flaps.
"Xiaoxing" , originated from Xia and Shang in China, is one of the five punishments, referring to cutting off the nose. Although not life-threatening, it is extremely damaging to its image and dignity. There are historical records:
In ancient times, there was a kingdom in China, where torture was popular, and many people were punished, and they were ashamed to see the world.
It can be seen that the purpose of punishment is not to punish, but to humiliate.
Later, the ancient Indian method of "nose reconstruction" appeared, which can restore the function of the nose.
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Liu An wrote "Huainanzi" to study cleft lip and palate; in the Western Jin Dynasty, there was "Jin Shu Biography of Wei Yong", which stated that Wei Yong was born with a shortage of rabbits, and sought a famous doctor under the account of the provincial governor, " cutting and filling it, but it needs to be One hundred days into the porridge, no laughter. "
In the Middle Ages, religion prevailed, and plastic surgery developed slowly.
However, there is a pair of Sicilian father and son who created "the upper arm pedicle flap nose reconstruction" based on the ancient Indian nasal reconstruction, which is called "Italian method " .
In 1818, a German surgeon published the monograph "Rhinoplasty" and used the term "plastic surgery" for the first time.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the outbreak of World War I caused a large number of cheek defects and deformities, forcing oral and maxillofacial surgeons and ENT surgeons to rush to the front line, and plastic surgery achieved unprecedented development.
The aforementioned Harold was an otolaryngologist. Inspired by skin transplantation, he went to Paris to seek advice, and then went to the battlefield to serve the country and restore the dignity of soldiers.
In 1942, the Anti-Japanese War was becoming more and more intense. In the face of soldiers with gunshot wounds to the jawbone and pilots with facial burns, all doctors were helpless.
The government sent Song Ruyao , a young doctor, to go to aesthetic plastic surgery. After six years of study, he has set up related disciplines and has become the first country in Asia to have plastic surgery courses.
In 1950, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea started in an all-round way. The U.S. Air Force used a large number of "napalm" low-flying bombings, causing a large number of burns to front-line soldiers , which were more serious than during the Anti-Japanese War.
So Song Ruyao set up an operation team and went to North Korea for jaw treatment. Since then, plastic surgery has been officially introduced to North Korea.
In the late 1950s, "cutting double eyelids" and "rhinoplasty" became popular items.
At that time, Chinese movie stars did not hide it, and even authorized the hospital to publish their before and after comparison pictures for advertising .
Later, China entered a "special period", disapproving of the people's pursuit of external beauty, plastic surgery was severely suppressed, forced to disband, and most of the staff were sent to Jiangxi.
Before the advent of reform and opening up, plastic surgery almost disappeared in China except for necessary corrections.
In the movie [Wuwen Xidong] , Wang Minjia played by Zhang Ziyi appeared in this era. Because of some "mistakes", she was humiliated and beaten by everyone, her face was ruined, even if she worked in a medical school, she could not get treatment, and she was wearing a gauze all day long. Towel mask.
In 1957, Chaplin's "The King of New York" was released, becoming the first film in film history to have a plastic surgery plot.
The "Facial Peeling " shown in the film , dripping with blood, when screened on a small scale in the United States, " pushed the audience to the limit of psychological endurance, and it was difficult to let go for a long time. "
It is this scene that makes "plastic surgery" a regular part of thrillers.
In 1960, "Eyes Without Faces" was released. The male protagonist is a highly respected plastic surgeon. In a car accident, he accidentally destroyed his daughter's face. He was heartbroken, put on a mask for his daughter, went into seclusion, and secretly abducted some girls, anesthetized them, peeled off the skin, and transplanted them into his daughter.
Unfortunately, every operation ended in failure.
After the screening, Cahiers talked about the film's screening at the Edinburgh Film Festival, saying it caused seven audience members to faint and angered the media . Many film critics also described it, " This is a critique of modern science and a vilification of plastic surgeons . "
In addition, there is [Ugly Revenge] in 1973 .
The heroine was mocked and bullied because of her ugly appearance, and she was unhappy. After plastic surgery, she has a beautiful face, and takes revenge on those who humiliated her in the first place.
Since then, more and more films of this type have emerged, most of which focus on "revenge". Such as [Changing Face] in 1997, [Cinderella] in 2006, [My Living Skin] in 2011, and [Wolfe] in 2012.
and [See you in the sky] .
Edward was disfigured by a grenade two days before the truce.
Afterwards, he wears his very abstract art-style mask, plots the layout, and casts a vengeance against the lieutenant.
" Longing for life during the war, but only wanting to die after the war ", this is the true portrayal of the heart of every soldier whose face was damaged by the ravages of war.
The word "ugly" was branded on their faces.
Therefore, the heavy gunner named Walter Yo, who underwent the first plastic surgery in medical history, mysteriously disappeared after the last course of treatment.
There are also some disfigured soldiers, who could not find work after the war and were trampled on by others. They could only unite and shout " Give me your dignity back " .
It can be seen that [Goodbye in the Sky] is a film with a strong anti-war complex.
That noble young man named Edward was almost humming a little song on the battlefield, and made a face at his father before leaving. However, two days before the truce order was issued, due to the selfishness of the lieutenant, half of his face was blown off by a grenade, and he didn't dare to go back home, so he hid under the mask to survive.
Look how shameless the people who started the war are.
Therefore, he planned a monument scam, exposing the lieutenant's private accumulation of money, reducing the quality of the victims' coffins, and burying the bodies at will, so that the tombstones did not match the soldiers' names.
Finally, the lieutenant died in the quicksand of the construction site. Finally, Edward embraced his father. Finally, he put on the mask, turned around handsomely, stepped on the railing of the balcony, and jumped down from the top floor of the hotel.
Recalling that during World War I, there were many propaganda posters for plastic surgery. The title above was: Repair the wounds of war and restore your face .
Yes, the face can be repaired, but how can the broken heart be saved?
[Goodbye in the sky] In one scene, a newspaper delivery girl put the newspaper on Edward's table and stared at his face covered with a mask, without any intention of leaving. Edward took off his mask and made a gesture to scare her away, but she was not afraid and touched it with his finger.
He was startled, his eyes widened, and he took her into his arms.
Then, weeping.
If there was no war, Edward would have been an ordinary gentleman with thousands of soldiers with missing cheeks.
No plastic surgery, no gunshots, just wake up in the morning and put on glasses, read the lengthy column in the financial newspaper, play with the children with building blocks in the afternoon to do arithmetic problems, wash the vegetables in the evening and put them in a white porcelain plate.
It is also possible that life will be a little harder, then ordinary people will find a job and worry about going to school and getting married. It's not like he will become a person who only has half a face and relies on a mask to breathe for the rest of his life.
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Author/Aunt Liu
This article was first published on the WeChat public account [Broken Word]
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