After reading it, I became interested in the history of the Crusades and Jerusalem. I checked and studied.
Turn: From the Kingdom of Heaven [history] to Jerusalem
Jerusalem (Jerusalem) The name, according to tradition, is derived from two Hebrew "jer" - meaning city and "salem" - which means peace, Jerusalem embodies the most noble desire of mankind, the peace of all mankind. Jews, Muslims and Christians hold religious ceremonies in their respective sacred places not far away. After 5000 years of ups and downs, can the "City of Peace" usher in real peace?
Jerusalem has a history of more than 5,000 years and is a well-known ancient city that has experienced vicissitudes of life. The earliest inhabitant of Jerusalem was a Canaan Yebusite (a group of Semites) who settled here since 3000 BC. In 2000 BC, the Jebusites built a castle here and named it "Jerusalem", which means "city of peace" in Semitic. In 1020 BC, Jerusalem became the capital of the Kingdom of Israel. Because Jerusalem is located on the main traffic arteries of Europe, Asia, and Africa, from the 6th century BC to the beginning of the 20th century AD, it has been in the midst of competition and occupation by the surrounding powers. Destroyed and rebuilt. Canaanites, Jews, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Egyptians, Arabs, Medieval Crusaders, Turks and British occupied the city successively.
Jerusalem also has an unusually strong religious color, which is unique in the world. The world's three major religions-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have ruled the city for a long time, including Judaism for more than 500 years, Christianity for more than 400 years, and Islam for more than 1,200 years. The three major religions have left more than 200 religious relics built in different periods in the city. The most famous ones are the Wailing Wall, the only remnant of the Jewish Temple, the Christian Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Islamic Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Sahlai Mosque. . The three major religions all regard Jerusalem as the holy place of their religion.
Before the war, Jerusalem consisted of two parts: the old city and the new district. The walls of the old city were rebuilt on the ruins of the ancient city by the Ottoman Empire in the first half of the 16th century. The city covers an area of only 1 square kilometer. Later, it formed four districts: Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Armenian. Most of the residents are Arab. The new district outside the old city was developed in the middle of the 19th century. The western part of the city developed the fastest, and almost all of them lived by Jewish immigrants.
From 1917 to 1947, Jerusalem was under British rule for 30 years.
In 1947, the United Nations Partition Plan stipulated that Jerusalem was under the management of the United Nations. Its scope included Jerusalem and suburban towns, with Abu Diss at the east end, Berlehuan at the south end, Ain Karim at the west end, and Shufat at the north end. The area is 158 square kilometers.
After the First Middle East War, Jerusalem was partitioned by Israel and Jordan along the armistice line in 1949. Since then, Jerusalem has been divided into the East and the West, respectively occupied by Jordan, called the East and the West. In January 1950, Israel declared Jerusalem the permanent capital of Israel.
In the third Middle East war in 1967, Israel again occupied the eastern part of Jerusalem. In June 1967, Israel promulgated a law announcing the merger of East and West Jerusalem and expanding the urban area to 176 square kilometers, incorporating large tracts of land in the West Bank. The current population of the city is 650,000, of which 450,000 are Jews, 180,000 Palestinians, and 14,000 Christians. In July 1980, the Knesset passed a bill to designate Jerusalem as the "permanent and indivisible capital" of Israel. The UN Security Council passed a resolution on August 20, 1980, declaring that the Knesset’s bill violates international law. Before and after, the United Nations has passed resolutions many times to blame Israel for annexing Jerusalem. So far, most countries in the world have not recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.
In November 1988, an independent Palestinian state was proclaimed and Jerusalem was declared its capital.
The “Israelis forcibly entering the Al-Aqsa Mosque incident on the Temple Mount” that recently caused the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Temple Mount is located at the northwest corner of the Old City of Jerusalem. The name Temple Mount is derived from Judaism. Built here, now there is only a remnant-the Wailing Wall. There are now two Islamic mosques on the Temple Mount, the Sahlai Mosque (also known as the Dome of the Rock) and the Al-Aqsa Mosque. There is a rectangular rock in the Sahlai Mosque, which can reflect the historical status quo of the three major religions entangled and coexisted, and at the same time they are unwilling to tolerate each other.
The rock is 17.7 meters long, 13.5 meters wide, and 1.2 meters above the ground. According to ancient Jewish records, in order to test Abraham, the ancestor of the Jews, God asked him to bring his only son Isaac to Mount Moriah and kill Isaac at a place designated by God to sacrifice. When the loyal Arabraham was about to raise his sword to kill his son, God sent messengers to stop him and ordered him to replace him with a ram. This story occupies an extremely important place in the history of Judaism. Legend has it that when Abraham bound Isaac, he put him on this rock to prepare for sacrifice. Therefore, this rectangular rock has always been regarded as the "Holy Stone" in Judaism. In Christian legends that are more than a thousand years behind Judaism, this stone is regarded as the place where God used clay to form Adam, the first human ancestor. So serious Christians all over the world are eager to have the opportunity to worship this stone. But this "sacred stone" is now stored in the majestic mosque of Islam, because according to Islamic legends, this stone is the stepping stone for the prophet Muhammad's "night travel". In the ninth year of the establishment of Islam by the Prophet Muhammad, that is, one night in 619 AD, I suddenly heard that the archangel Gabriel came to call. The Prophet followed him on a flying horse with a woman-faced face, flew to Jerusalem, stepped on a huge rock into the Nine Heavens, listened to the blessings and notices of Allah, and then flew back to Mecca that night. It is said that this stone was the stepping stone when Muhammad ascended to the Ninth Heaven, and there are still footprints on the stone that the prophet stepped on. Therefore, Islam built two exquisite mosques around this stone and called this place "a noble forbidden place." This has become the third largest pilgrimage site in Islam after Mecca and Medina.
The Bitter Street is a holy place for Christianity. Christians also call it the "Road of Sorrow". It is said that before the crucifixion of Jesus, Jesus carried a heavy cross and walked from this road to the execution ground-the famous 4th century AD building "The Church of the Holy Sepulchre" .
The Old City of Jerusalem, known as the holy city by the three major religions, is less than 1 square kilometer. It has a very obvious mark: it is surrounded by a city wall built by the Ottoman Emperor Suleiman the Great, 12 meters high, about 4 kilometers long, and has 8 city gates. Jews living in the southeastern part of the old city traditionally walked through the Jaffa Gate, while Muslims living in the old city walked through the Damascus Gate and so on.
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