Brother Cai said that he was going to write about how the Allies got to Dunkirk, so I sent him a message.
Text/Wangcai
On May 26, 1940, the sea breeze roared, the fog was filled, the turbulent lead-grey waves hit the beach, leaving behind a mountain of foam like cotton wool. There is no sign of summer coming. More than 400,000 Anglo-French expeditionary forces were trapped on the 8-mile-long Dunkirk beach with a vast sea on one side and the nearest German tank ten miles away on the other. The Führer took out almost all his belongings (two tank groups, 136 divisions, and more than 3,000 tanks), and he wanted to wipe out this coalition that had only declared war without fighting since September 1, 1939 in Dunkirk, France. By the beach.
At this time, the head of state was high-spirited and walked sideways on the European continent. More than ten days ago, on May 10, German troops attacked Western European countries such as Belgium, the Netherlands, France, and Luxembourg. In just over ten days, the German armored forces traversed the European continent and directly attacked the English Channel. The Belgian army surrendered on May 27. More than 400,000 Anglo-French allied forces were thrown away by the head of state, and they were strictly encircled in the Flanders region of northern France.
Britain and France are facing the crisis of losing all the young and middle-aged people they can play in the country. Churchill on the other side of the Atlantic counted the possessions in his hands and cleared his throat: Or, comrades work hard, let's fight for the return of 30,000 brothers?
...
Why did the Anglo-French Allied Forces be like this?
This also starts with the Maginot line of defense (mei), ruo (sha), gold (luan) and soup (yong) built by the French.
Maginot Line-it has the same name as André Maginot, then French Secretary of the Army. This thing began to be built in 1929, and was basically completed in 1940, at a cost of 5 billion francs. (Later during the Cold War, the French took this thing out again and used it for a while. After 1962, it became an expensive tourist attraction.) This awesome line of defense is mainly made of reinforced concrete. , Very sturdy. Due to the high cost, it only defended the border between France and Germany. Inside the defense line, there are various cannons, trenches, fortresses, kitchens, power stations, hospitals, factories, etc. The passages extend in all directions, and there are tram passages in the larger fortifications.
Sounds great, right? At that time, the French thought so too~ so they bypassed the rugged Ardennes forest near the Belgian border when they were repairing the defense line. ). So everyone knows a series of things that happened later:
The Nazi German Army Group A used tank troops to surprise the Ardennes Forest. In this way, the German army bypassed the most dependent fortress of the French army, the capital of the French Republic, Paris, which was exposed to the tank division of the head of state. Just after this surprise attack, the Belgians in Kering surrendered before they understood what had happened, leaving behind the bewildered Anglo-French allied forces when they came to their senses, they were already standing on the beach of Dunkirk. On the edge.
(This can explain why during the Dunkirk retreat, the British took more Belgians than the French comrades in arms, so that the 40,000 French troops in charge of the queen were sent into prisoners of war without time to retreat. Camp! As the saying goes, opponents like gods are no match for teammates like those~~)
Since September 1939, the British have been "declaring war" and "talking but not doing it." Now, if you want to fight, you have to fight, you have to fight if you want to run, and you don’t want to greet you with a real sword, brothers on the other side of the English Channel! At once! Back! Do not! Come! La!
However, what the British have left is really pitiful. Except for a few large destroyers, there are not many ships left in Britain. Vice Admiral Ramsey had an idea, carried forward the glorious tradition of the celestial dynasty, and launched the vast ocean of people’s war: in the process of retreat (tao) and retreat (pao), Britain, France, Belgium and the Netherlands used fishing boats, passenger ships, There are 861 small boats such as yachts and lifeboats, including luxury yachts.
Therefore, Teacher Nolan said that the "Dunkirk Spirit" that British people have heard of since childhood is the British version of the luxurious escape book "Sidu Chishui".
"Dunkirk" is an epic that young literary and artistic youths will admire. Ran goose! For all the military fans, what the soundtrack, the composition, and the artistic treatment, it is not as powerful as the loud noise of the torpedo hitting the cruise ship! Why are there torpedoes? This is where the director knows how to do it.
Friends who are familiar with World War II must all know the "wolf pack tactics"-this is a combat method that uses multiple submarines to assemble and attack, which greatly improves the results of destructive warfare. It was invented and put into practice by the Nazi German naval marshal Carl Denitz. I am afraid that before the various large ships urgently called by the British from all over the country reached Dunkirk, they were already targeted by the German submarines.
It is a pity that the British, who were eager to go home at the time, did not have the ability to foresee. Almost all the large ships in the film were eventually sunk for various reasons! In the film, every soldier who talks about "U boat" has a hell expression on his face. I'm afraid it's scarier than hell! Cillian Murphy's PTSD brother was sunk by a torpedo at the very beginning! After he was rescued, he was sealed in fear and never dared to enter the cabin again! This story tells us, don’t get together when you escape! This is the eternal truth!
Retreat (tao) and retreat (pao) rely on fishing boats, and the British army can fight 0. To protect the retreat (tao) and retreat (pao) army, it can only rely on the Spitfire that the British are proud of. In the movie, the story of Dunkirk is divided into three lines to tell, the "one week" line talks about beach retreat, the "one day" line talks about civilian fishing boats, the "one hour" line talks about the air force, and the basic air force group represented by Mr. Tang and Jack Lowden The above is the only expression of British national pride in the movie that was full of mourning.
However, the German BF109 fighter jet chased by them in the Spitfire is not a vegetarian!
Let's first take a look at these two fighters:
The Spitfire is the most important and representative single-engine liquid-cooled engine fighter jet in Britain in World War II. (When the Spitfire flew over Father Dawson for the first time in the play, he didn't even look at it and said directly: Super Marlin made, Rolls-Royce Merlin engine!) According to legend, he is like a beautiful And the coquettish eldest lady: Although the design is complicated and makes the designer's brains awkward, during the test flight stage, she almost killed the test pilot who drove her a few times! But its beautiful aerodynamic shape and dive speed close to the speed of sound were simply awesome at the time. (Of course, if the aerodynamics are not good, Farrell, played by Teacher Tang, can't fly so far, right?)
As the pride of the British national industry, the Spitfire not only saved hundreds of thousands of British and French forces in Dunkirk, but also shined in the British air battle that began a month later: she and the tenacious British people defended Britain together. In the airspace, the Führer abruptly blocked the other side of the strait. In the future, he moved to Europe, Asia and North Africa. It can be said that half of the earth has left her fighting heroic posture. (Of course, the German BF109 also followed all the way, fell in love and killed each other, and never left it~)
In the timeline of the film "One Hour in the Air", RAF pilots drove their Spitfire to take off from the British mainland. At that time, the largest military airport in the United Kingdom was Heathrow Airport in London (yes, it is today the United Kingdom). The largest airport started as an air base back then). When they arrived in Dunkirk, the fuel gauge showed that there were 50 gallons of fuel in the plane (about 222.27 kg), so the pilots left themselves with 40 minutes of air combat time, which means that after 40 minutes they must anyway. Return home. (Mission fuel amount = attack amount + return amount + time spent in the air. The Spitfire has a range of 760 kilometers, even if they take off from the easternmost airport in the UK. When the time comes, they must return! This is the limit after the auxiliary fuel tank is mounted. )
However, the few Spitfires in the sky did not return to the final destination! Farrell, played by Teacher Tang, took the initiative to save his compatriots and gave up returning to the flight. He fought with the Germans on the opposite side to the last minute. He even knocked down more when the fuel in the plane was in a state of no power. A German bomber!
So here comes the problem! Can an airplane with the best aerodynamic performance maintain the same altitude and speed as a bomber without power? This is really a question of "the plot needs to be purely coincidental". But I have to admit that this heroic spirit is indeed moving. At the end of the film, Farrell went around the field and made an emergency landing on the beach of Dunkirk. After destroying his landline, he was captured by the German army in a heroic manner. This young pilot should not be able to escape the fate of being sent to a concentration camp. As for whether he will survive five years later and victory in World War II, we don't know.
Then the problem comes again. It takes 150 hours of theoretical courses and 220 hours of flight time to train an Air Force pilot, so how much the value of an ace pilot can be exchanged for the Army Red Deer!
On the other hand, the BF109, which is also a liquid-cooled engine fighter, uses the Messerschmitt Jumo 210 engine. The BF109 and Spitfire, which have striking similarities in many aspects with the Spitfire, seem to be destined to be rivals for life from the beginning, so that the Spitfire is hardly cheap in terms of various performance indicators. (This also explains why Mr. Tang fought so hard in the air battle at the beginning of the film, and he couldn't keep aiming at it.)
Interestingly, at the beginning of the development of the BF109, the Germans were embarrassed to find that the prototype they had just left the factory did not have a suitable engine! How to do it? Looking for the British on the other side~ After some negotiations, Rolls-Royce quickly agreed to the German request to buy a Merlin engine (Yes! You are not mistaken! It is the same engine! After all, who can't get along with a small amount of money? It was 1935, and it was four years before Nazi Germany swept Europe. You said that if the British knew that this move had created the most difficult opponent in the next 10 years, would they want to jump into the Atlantic every minute?
In the film, in addition to the BF109, there is another terrorist bomber in the German camp that is regarded as a key hunting target by British pilots-every time it whizzes across Dunkirk beaches, it brings Only explosions, fear and death... It is the famous Ju 87 "Stuka" dive bomber.
The most easily recognizable feature of the Ju 87 dive bomber, the most hated big man, is its pair of curved gull-wing wings, fixed landing gear and its unique low screaming sound. It achieved very great results in the blitzkrieg in Germany at the beginning of World War II. After 1940, the Luftwaffe of the Nazis invested a large number of such bombers on the African battlefield and the eastern battlefield. The Ju 87 dive bomber not only gave ground targets a strong blow, the screaming sound of its unique sound device also caused a huge psychological shadow on the soldiers on the ground. (Especially when everyone is watching the IMAX version of "Dunkirk", the roar you hear is said to be more terrifying than before!)
Dunkirk retreat From May 26 to June 4, the British fishing boat transported 338,226 people in the protection of the Spitfire and a melee, which gave Churchill a huge surprise. So at the end of the film, Churchill was finally able to relax and give a long and sensational speech.
However, the Dunkirk retreat was also quite tragic to some extent. A total of 226 British ships and 17 French ships were sunk by German artillery fire, causing more than 28,000 casualties. It also includes a luxury cruise ship requisitioned by the British government, which killed at least 3,500 British soldiers!
So does the successful retreat (escape) (fate) from Dunkirk mean Happy Ending? mistaken! The London air battle was just a month later. At the end of the film, when the pilot Collins was shot down by BF109 and almost drowned because the cabin could not be opened. He was rescued on the ship and escaped back to the motherland after nine deaths. However, he was condemned by the quartermaster with a daunting look: where the hell were you. None of them knew that the British air battle a month later would be the last performance of these withdrawn pilots.
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