It's March 8th Women's Day again
In addition to buying, buying and buying, I would like to recommend a movie "Women's Participants", which is a movie in the UK in 2015.
During the movie watching, my heart has been hurting. Women have the right to vote, have property rights, and have the custody of their children, but it has only been a hundred years. And these rights that we seem to be supposed to have, have been exchanged for life and blood from generation to generation.
In London in 1912, World War I had not yet broken out.
At that time, London was already a pioneer in the industrialization of the world.
At that time, the situation of women was worrisome. The mainstream people believed that women were weaker than men in terms of intelligence. In fact, from Plato to Aristotle, the notion that women were weaker than men in the history of Western philosophy has long been inferior to men in ancient Greek philosophy. At the beginning, even Rousseau believed that women were weaker than men in terms of reason and rationality.
At that time, the leaders of society believed that women’s fathers, brothers and husbands could completely represent them, and once they were given the right to vote, they would not stop. Because they have insufficient intelligence, and without male supervision and instruction, they are prone to commit mistakes and crimes.
This is true whether it is a lady of the upper class or a poor woman worker.
The film looks at the society at the time from the perspective of a young female worker, Modwarts, and how people treated those women in politics at that time.
Maude is a 24-year-old woman worker in a laundry factory. Her husband is also a worker in this laundry factory. She has a lovely son, George. The workshop is full of steam and dye vats for ironing clothes. If you accidentally break your fingers, you will burn them to the point of blood and blood. Even if you are extremely careful and skilled, you will not be able to do this job for a few years, because the steam from the nose will make them feel bad. Chest pain, constant coughing, and when unable to work, he will be fired home.
Female workers work hard. They earn only 13 shillings a week and work at least six hours longer than male workers. Male workers work shorter hours than them, and they can often breathe fresh air. Male workers can get paid every week. To 19 shillings.
Maude didn't feel that there was anything wrong with such a life, and everyone around him lived like this. After a day of toil, she felt very satisfied when she came home, played with her son for a while, and had dinner with the family. She gave all the money she received to her husband. Women at the time did this. They obeyed, obeyed, and took care of him. She even plans to take her son to the beach in the summer. The husband disagreed, but suggested that he could take his son to the movies on weekends.
There are occasional happy moments in the low-level life, so let's live the life.
At this time, she firmly believes that she is not a womanist, and that the feminist movement on the streets has nothing to do with her.
Even when the congressman’s wife stood at the gate of the factory and urged them to testify for the rights and interests of women workers with her, Maude was just curious, but still had no idea of joining.
It wasn't until she hit the 12-year-old daughter of a female factory worker that she went to work the next day and was forcibly assaulted by her boss Taylor. She sweated like beans and thought of herself many years ago.
Her mother worked in this laundry factory when she was fourteen years old, and all factories required female workers to return to work in the factory after their children had finished their lives. Maude was almost born in this laundry factory. After she was born, her mother carried her on her back to work in the poor conditions of the factory. When she was four years old, her mother overwhelmed the dye vat due to exhaustion and was scalded alive.
After her mother's death, she began to work part-time in this factory at the age of seven. She became a full-time female worker in this factory when she was 12 years old. At that time, the boss Taylor began to assault and intimidate her. Even though many years have passed, when Taylor approaches her, she will stiffen her back and be all over her body.
And this twelve-year-old girl is just like she was back then, but even so, she has to continue working. The little girl has an alcoholic and beating father, and her income is the only source of her family's income.
In the evening, Maude asked her husband if she gave birth to a daughter, what would happen to the daughter in the future? The husband replied: Will be the same as you.
Same as her? ! Her daughter will go to the factory to do laundry at the age of twelve. She will be burned, her fingers will be rotten, and she will be raped by the disgusting boss. Then her hard-earned money will be handed over to her husband, and she may be beaten badly by her husband.
Before that, Maude never thought that they could have another life.
Maude was willing to go to court to testify, telling the unfair treatment suffered by the women workers, and contacted a group of people led by the then feminist leader Mrs. Pankhurst. She listened to a speech by Mrs. Pankhurst: We are fighting now so that every little girl who comes to this world in the future can have the same opportunity with her brothers.
Never underestimate the power that women possess to determine our own destiny.
Only if you do it, you can change!
When Maude participated in the rally, she lost her job, was arrested and imprisoned, was discriminated against by everyone on the street, was driven out of the house by her husband, and was not allowed to visit her children. Because in law, women have no right to custody their children.
She braved the rain, waiting foolishly by the window, waiting for her little George to find her, the mother and son could only wave their hands across the window and say hello, she was soaked, but her eyes were smiling, at least she could see Child, otherwise she will go crazy.
However, the husband soon sent George to someone for adoption without even notifying her or obtaining her consent.
At that time, women had no property rights, no right to divorce, no right to education, no right to custody of children, even if they endured domestic violence, they could not get divorced, and wages were unequal. The key to all this was that women had the right to vote.
Maude once had a dialogue with the judge:
What does the right to vote mean to you?
I never thought we would get the right to vote, so I never thought about the significance.
Then why do you come to prove it?
Maybe we will have another life in this life.
What they demand is just the most basic right.
However, such a struggle has been fruitless for decades.
In the beginning, they hoped to speak for themselves in a peaceful way, hoping to attract the attention of the government. But what was ushered in was disappointment again and again. They were imprisoned time and time again and were forced to use nasal feeding. They lost their jobs and were driven out of the house by their husbands.
Failure again and again, and constant struggle again and again.
In the end, they had to smash the glass, cut off the circuit, and use some violent methods. Even with these methods, they chose to be late at night and early in the morning to ensure that they would not harm others.
Because only war is the only language that men are willing to listen to. When they adopt peaceful methods, all they get is teasing and perfunctory.
In the end, it was Emily who rushed to the horse of King George V with the purple, green and white flags of Votes for women in her hands. She was killed immediately under the horse's hooves. This was widely reported by the world media. The government is concerned.
At that time, there was a father who picked up the banner and put it lightly on the daughter in his arms.
Thousands of women spontaneously participated in Emily's funeral. Such a tragic death finally aroused the world's attention to the fundamental rights of women.
Under the pressure of public opinion, the United Kingdom finally allowed women over 30 years of age to obtain the right to vote in February 1918, while men at the age of 21 had the right to vote.
Ten years later, in 1928, British women had the same voting rights as men, and they were all over 21 years old.
In 1925, the law recognized the rights of mothers to their children.
New Zealand was the first to have the right to vote for women in 1893.
In 1902, Australian women also had the right to vote.
In 1949, Chinese women also had the right to vote in law.
Even today, power still has a male face and voice. The rights we now have were never given to us as they should be, but generation after generation of brave women, risking nothing and blood. The danger of splattering and losing our lives has been won for us bit by bit.
Thank them for everything they have done for us, and we will continue to work hard for ourselves and for the next generation to have a fairer and better world.
It will change if you do it!
This film uses documentary techniques. The woman is fictitious, but the events are all real in history.
Looking back at women before the First World War, from the British Revolution in the 17th century to the modern revolutions in all countries in Russia and China at the beginning of the 20th century, women played an active role. However, judging from the results, there are good and bad. The fundamental reason is that women have not insisted that the revolutionary program formally accept and reflect their needs. Instead, they are content to be assistants in male control exercises.
In the power struggle, their support would be welcomed, but after winning the victory, they were ignored and forced to return to their pre-revolutionary subordinate status.
Take the French Revolution in the eighteenth century as an example. Before the revolution, French women, like women in Europe, accepted patriarchy before marriage and their husband's rights after marriage. The Marquis de Condorcet was one of the few men who publicly advocated that women should have the same property rights, voting rights, work rights and education rights as men.
But his views are not accepted by the mainstream. Senior leaders all agreed with Rousseau's view that women should dress frugally, work hard at home, and never go to public gatherings where they need to speak.
There is nothing in the world like seeing a mother who is surrounded by children, seeks a happy life for her husband, and cleans up her home. Such a scene is the most respectable.
When the French Revolution began, middle-class women put forward their ideas:
1. Ensure that the dowry of women is not squandered by the husband
2. Ensure that women are not abused by their husbands
3. Require the state to establish a public education system that increases employment opportunities for women.
However, because middle-class women did not adhere to their demands, the "Declaration of Human Rights" adopted in August 1789 did not mention women's rights.
Women in the lower working class are more fearless and tough, because there is no bread in Paris and they are hungry.
In 1789, they marched to Versailles and brought the royal family back to Paris.
In the spring of 1793, when the king was executed for treason and France was invaded by five foreign armies, the troubled Paris government called on women to participate in the war to defend the country. The women responded enthusiastically. They rolled bandages in the hospital and made clothes for the soldiers. , Hats, socks, gloves.
In gratitude, the Republican government passed a series of laws to legalize divorce, recognize that wives own part of the family property, and provide girls with free compulsory primary education.
But a year later, when the danger of foreign invasion passed, the counterattack against women revolutionaries began again.
The democratic constitution of 1793 was terminated, and the rights that had just been granted to most women were abolished. Napoleon reconsolidated and strengthened the absolute authority of her husband and father through his "Code".
After the revolution was over, French political leaders made a speech again, believing that women's contribution should be at home, not outside.
But the feminist theme formed by the French Revolution was not completely forgotten in the future.
Throughout the 19th century, middle-class and upper-class women in Europe fought for the run. They had their own books and magazines, and established a network of domestic and international women's federations, but the effect was minimal. Therefore, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the activists of the feminist movement believed that unless women enjoyed the same political power as men on an equal basis, their goals would never be achieved.
Therefore, women's right to vote has become a major goal. The movie "Women's Political Participants" reproduced the bravery and resistance of women in that era, as well as the pain and difficulties on this road.
In fact, the right to vote is not a panacea for all women's problems, as they had expected.
A vote cast on polling day does not automatically confer political power.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, almost no women were elected to representative bodies, and the cruel fact is that the international women's movement has greatly reduced its vitality after winning the right to vote. This situation has continued after the outbreak of World War I and World War II. After the Second Industrial Revolution, the development of contraceptive measures in medical technology allowed women to control their own reproductive functions. The identity of mothers could be accepted or rejected. They can have more choices in their work.
Also, after World War II, women can generally receive education, allowing them to go out of their homes and participate in outdoor economic activities, broaden their horizons, and provide many new opportunities to realize their potential abilities.
Therefore, after the 1960s, the feminist movement began to flourish again.
Every choice in the entire society is a contest of several forces. The final choice is not necessarily the best, but it must be to avoid the worst.
Therefore, in our country today, when there are still all kinds of female Durbans running around, in the face of all kinds of objectification and dwarfing women's remarks, it is very important not to give in.
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