The 1968 Mexico City Olympics was the first Olympic Games held in Latin America and the first Olympic Games held in a developing country. The GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany have competed independently for the first time since 1956. For the first time in Olympic history, champions must undergo a drug test. The Olympic Games also made electronic timekeeping an official timekeeper for the first time. After a decade of civil war and subsequent political disputes, the Institutional Revolutionary Party has been the long-term ruling party in Mexico since 1929, and has been in power for nearly 40 years before the Mexico City Olympics. Mexican President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz). On October 2, 10 days before the opening of the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, the Tlatelolco incident broke out in the Plaza de la Cultura. Immediately after the Tlatelolco incident, the Mexican authorities authorized the military and police across the country to forcefully disperse student organizations participating in the protests on their own, without having to ask their superiors for instructions. Interior Minister Echeveria was highly praised by President Ordas, and he also established his political status. After 1970, Echeveria took over as Mexico's 50th president. A little embarrassing for the White House and Mexican authorities during the Olympics was the incident in which African-American athletes wore black gloves to pay tribute to the civil rights organization Black Power during a track and field event. 200m gold medalist Tommy Smith and bronze medalist John Carlos raised their black-gloved fists and bowed their heads during the US national anthem at the awards ceremony to protest America's segregation policy, but they then was expelled from the Olympic Village. Smith retired after the 1968 Olympics. He joined the Cincinnati Bengals and played American football for three years before becoming a sociology teacher and coach. In 2006, the 84-year-old former Mexican president and interior minister Echeveria was charged and arrested for "genocide". The lawsuit lasted for more than three years. In 2009, a Mexican circuit court finally dropped the charges against Echevilla on the grounds of "insufficient evidence." In the same year, the Mexican Parliament officially designated October 2 as Mexico's "National Day of Mourning". In the 1948 London Olympics, Japan and Germany, as the culprits of World War II, were declined by the Olympic Committee. The 1964 Tokyo Olympics were the first to be held in Asia. South Africa was disqualified from the competition due to its policy of racial discrimination (the Republic of South Africa was established in 1961 and made apartheid as a national system); in 1970, South Africa was expelled; in 1991, South Africa abolished the apartheid system before being allowed to participate in the Olympics. Before the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games in the Soviet Union, a large number of countries participated in the boycott of the Olympic Games due to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan. Japan and the Federal Republic of Germany participated in the boycott. In the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, as retaliation for the boycott of the last Olympic Games, 16 countries including the Soviet Union refused to participate in the current Olympic Games, citing security concerns, but the GDR did not.
Molotov cocktail is another name for home-made incendiary bombs. It is a common weapon used by irregular troops such as guerrillas and street rioters. It was invented by Soviet-backed Republicans during the Spanish Civil War. During the Soviet-Finnish War, Soviet bombers bombed cities and civilian targets in Finland with incendiary bombs. Faced with accusations from the international community, Molotov claimed that Soviet planes did not drop bombs on the Finnish people, but dropped bread on them. The Finnish military and civilians called the Soviet Molotov bombs "Molotov Bread Baskets", and called the Molotov cocktails they prepared to serve Soviet tanks. The Finnish military mass-produced Molotov cocktails and threw them by hand or with stone throwers during the ongoing fighting.
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