Cinema is like a cultural form that corresponds directly to psychology.
In recent years, with the development of society, mental illness has continuously appeared in the public's field of vision, making this originally unpopular subject more and more people's attention. Psychology, as a science that studies human psychological phenomena, mental functions and behaviors, is a theoretical discipline as well as an applied discipline. By studying psychology, you can know why you do certain behaviors, the psychological activities hidden behind related behaviors, and how your own personality, temper and other characteristics are formed, and so on. Similarly, you can also apply the laws of psychological activities you have learned to interpersonal communication, infer the inner psychological activities of others through the behavior of others, so as to achieve a more accurate cognition of the external world.
The charm of psychology has also infected many film artists. Artists convey their understanding of psychology to the general public through the lens. Film writers can use the language of film and television to turn the original boring psychological theory into vivid and concrete. It can be enjoyed by both refined and popular audiences, because of the particularity of its content and the fact that audiences can gain deep thinking about themselves and society by watching such films, so they are loved by many people. British director Alfred Hitchcock is a master.
Hitchcock is a recognized master of suspense films. His mastery of suspense is not only reflected in his genius handling of camera language, but also in his manipulation of the audience's psychological reactions. The suspense of Xi Fat is not a scary horror in the traditional sense. Watching Xi Fat's film, you will feel the experience of the protagonist of the film. At the psychological level, you will be drawn by Xi Fat's camera. He leads you into a mysterious world and cannot extricate yourself. In the end, I found that the process of watching the film completely exposed myself and made people realize the fragility of their own thoughts. Our minds are completely manipulated by this fat man, and we have no choice but to worship.
The movie "Rear Window" tells us the story of a wounded photojournalist played by James Stewart who discovered the murder. "Rear Window" also conveys the psychological term "voyeuristic desire" to us, and the description of the protagonist's behavior is also a metaphor for the audience. We sit in front of the screen to watch the development of characters and events in the story, and satisfy our desire to peep into the lives of others. This is not only a study of the story itself, but also a reflection on our own psychological reactions.
If the movie "Rear Window" only contained psychological elements in the story, then "Dr. Edward" clearly moved psychological research to the big screen. But before discussing "Doctor Edward", we have to meet another person, and he is - Sigmund Freud.
"If you don't understand Freud's thinking, it's hard to understand civilization since the 20th century."
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian psychiatrist , psychologist, and founder of the psychoanalytic school . He created a new field of subconscious research, promoted the development of dynamic psychology , personality psychology and abnormal psychology , laid a new foundation for the modern medical model, and provided an important theoretical pillar for the Western humanities in the 20th century.
Freud's psychoanalysis pioneered the study of the subconscious mind, created new fields of personality psychology, dynamic psychology and abnormal psychology, and promoted the development of ego psychology , and in the field of psychotherapy, influenced many subsequent treatments method system.
Before psychoanalytic psychology, traditional psychology, except for behaviorism, took consciousness as the research object. Although some scholars have discussed the problem of the subconscious in history, the only psychology system that really takes the subconscious as the research object is psychoanalytic psychology . Freud broke the tradition of rationalism , affirmed the role of irrational factors in behavior, and pioneered the subconscious psychology system.
Traditional psychology tends to explore from the outside in, while psychoanalytic psychology studies from the inside out, from the deep to the surface. In Freud's view, human beings are inherently an energy system, a dynamic system, which determines a person's psychological structure and personality model. That is to say, instinct and desire are the driving force and cause of human psychology or personality development and change. From this, Freud established dynamic psychology. He also pioneered the psychology of personality in the West and made it an influential school. People have a long history of observing and recording abnormal psychological phenomena, but the systematic discussion and scientific explanation started from the new psychology of psychoanalysis. He transformed abnormal psychology from a simple description into a study of psychodynamics. Although the psychoanalytic theoretical system is somewhat unreasonable, Freud opened up a new path for the development of abnormal psychology.
In the film "Dr. Edward", Xifa completely showed his admiration and respect for Freud's psychoanalytic theory. Now let's put aside the film's suspenseful narrative structure and see what happens to the protagonist from beginning to end from God's perspective.
First, Edward suffered a terrible accident as a child. While playing with his younger brother, he slid down the slope and hit his younger brother at the bottom of the slope. In this incident, Edward's behavior was indeed based on an unintentional act of the child's naughty, but it was his behavior that directly caused his brother's death. This incident caused indelible damage to the young mind of his childhood, which caused the shadow of his childhood. At the same time, during the "assault", Edward was impressed by the whole process of the "assault", especially the "lines" he saw as he slid down the slope, which also left a shadow in his mind. As for seeing a similar situation in adulthood, it will still arouse the memory of this pain in the heart. It is not difficult to find in the film that when Edward in adulthood saw the line drawn with a fork, the heroine Ingrid Parker's Edward has a painful sense of guilt over the lines of Bergman's clothes and the lines of his bedding.
Psychological trauma in childhood will directly lead to great changes in personal growth. Freud believed that childhood is an important period of psychological development, and any changes will lead to unsound development of people's psychology in childhood, typically with childhood bereavement. The loss of a father or mother, or a horrific event such as death. We can get a similar answer in today's film and television works. Batman has no parents and no mother since he was a child. Batman and Wolverine witnessed the death of their parents when they were young, and Edward is also a typical example of psychological trauma in childhood.
Later, the real Dr. Edward wants to cure the mental illness of the fake Edward, and as a result, during a skiing, the fake Edward played by Parker witnesses the murder of the exact same scene as when he "killed" his younger brother when he was young. This completely stimulated Parker's psychological shadow and made him delusional. The psychological unacceptability made him think that he was Dr. Edward, that is, on the psychological level, the fake Edward told himself that Edward was not dead, and I was Dr. Edward.
However, in accepting the post of president of the mental hospital, Pike completely exposed himself to the people who, in doubt, discovered that the real Dr. Edward was dead, and the man of unknown origin was believed to be the only one who killed Dr. Edward. The murderer, only Dr. Peterson doesn't want to believe this fact, she hopes to find out the truth through her efforts and cure Parker.
In this film, the most important thing to know about the ins and outs of things is to restore Parker's memory, and healing Parker is the top priority of the storyline. How Dr. Peterson, played by Bergman, cures Valentine, a mentally ill patient played by Parker, is actually a true representation of the psychoanalytic method. We may wish to explore the content of the film through psychoanalytic methods.
Psychoanalysis studies the phenomena of the subconscious, but because the subconscious itself cannot be known directly, it must be studied through some unique methods. These methods include the idea of free association , dream analysis, and psychoanalysis of everyday life.
1. The idea of free association
Free association is an association that does not give any thought restrictions or guidance. Psychoanalysts allow the patient to enter a state of free association when the whole body is in a relaxed state, that is, say whatever comes to the mind, without providing any conscious guidance to the patient's thinking, but the patient must truthfully report himself. everything that comes to mind. The psychoanalyst analyzes and interprets the content of the patient's report until both parties agree that the original cause of the patient's illness has been found.
The love line between Parker and Bergman in the film is the perfect medium for the idea of the Liberty Association. The two fell in love at first sight and soon established a love relationship. This relationship made Valentine completely trust Dr. The whole body is in a state of relaxation. Under Edward's repeated setbacks, Dr. Peterson still helped to support Edward as his spiritual pillar. In this way, Dr. Peterson took Edward to the scene of the murder step by step. Finally, during the skiing process, he thought of his childhood. , and gave clues to the murder case to consider. In addition, the emotional line between the two also promotes the development of the story, making the story more human, which is probably the universal meaning of love.
2. Interpretation of dreams
Freud believed that the essence of dreams is the tortuous expression of subconscious desires, the disguised and symbolic satisfaction of repressed subconscious desires. He divides dreams into two parts: "explicit dreams" and "hidden dreams". Manifest dreams are dreams that people actually experience. The hidden dream refers to the real meaning of the dream, that is, the suppressed subconscious desire that the dream symbolizes. To analyze dreams is to decipher hidden dreams from manifest dreams.
The method of dream analysis could not be more obvious in the film. Peterson and her teacher analyzed Edward's dream memories. The characters and events he dreamed were all derived from the mapping of the real world. The eyes symbolize the people who are watching him. , what happened on the roof mirrored the scene of Dr. Edward's death, the casino owner represented the real murderer, and the twisted wheel was the pistol used by the murderer. Xi Pang visualized the dream situation in a surreal way. The dream surrealist Spanish painter Salvador Dali, who also admired Freud's psychoanalysis, provided important help for the creation of this dream. Of course, , the cooperation between the two has also added a strong touch to the psychological film, which has been used continuously to this day.
3. Psychoanalysis of daily life
Freud believed that the struggle between the subconscious and the conscious is ubiquitous in daily life, and sometimes it can be realized in the "mistakes" that often occur in daily life, such as slips of the tongue, typos, misreading, misplacement, forgetting and misunderstanding, etc. . Freud believed that the psychological mechanism that leads to negligence is similar to the psychological mechanism of dreaming, and both are expressions of repressed desires that have been distorted and masked. Through the analysis of this negligent behavior, the deep subconscious inner motivation can be discovered.
I haven't found a good example of this in the story, and I hope I can find and understand it in my future study.
Freud's thoughts have influenced human civilization throughout the 20th century. The psychoanalysis mentioned in this article is only a drop in the bucket, and my understanding of his thoughts is even rarer. There are still many details in the film "Dr. Edward" that show all kinds of psychoanalysis. With my current qualifications, I can't discover and understand it. In any case, "Dr. Edward" has become one of the unavoidable movies in psychology movies. , which vividly turns a lot of psychological knowledge into audio-visual language, which is the beautiful fruit of film and television art and psychoanalytic psychology.
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