Today is February 4, 2018, the beginning of spring in the lunar calendar. It is the 99th birthday of the late writer Lao She on the lunar calendar. This article is posted in memory of Mr. Lao She.
At the same time, I also gave this document to my friend "Park Erxiong" who has never met. It was he who always encouraged me to write down some of my thoughts. This proposal is good or not, it's just a fee!
It has been written off and on for nearly three months, but it is still not completely revised. It will be modified and textured in the future. The article cites a large number of Internet literature, and expresses deep respect to those writers.
This article is a graphic suspense and reasoning; a realistic theme with a magical direction; a dialogue-style novel-style film commentary. The amount of information is a bit large, and it is suitable for reading by friends who are used to fragmented learning.
Foreword:
The Japanese animated film "The Cat's Repayment" released sixteen years ago (released in 2002), production company: Studio Ghibli, planning: Hayao Miyazaki, producers: Toshio Suzuki, Nozomi Takahashi, Hayao Miyazaki , Hideyuki Takai, screenwriter: Reiko Yoshida, director: Hiroyuki Morita, author of the original comic: Aoi Hiiragi (entrusted by Hayao Miyazaki to create "Cat Baron" in 1999)
1. People have to grow up, and one day you will push them The stroller walks happily on the street, and the former love, no matter what it once was, will turn into a wind and disappear into the tunnel of time. So go forward, go forward, without looking back.
2. Life can do whatever you want, but you can't go with the flow.
The above two sentences are the classic lines of "The Cat's Repayment" said on the Internet. But according to my research, neither in the animation "Cat's Repayment" nor in the original manga "Cat Baron", I did not see the above two sentences.
The most popular and mainstream view on the Internet is that "Cat's Repayment" is an excellent youth-oriented animation work by new Ghibli director Morita Hiroyuki. The content is simple and the plot is simple. funny cartoon. Under the author's rich imagination, the film creates a fantasy world that is different from the real world.
And I think "Cat's Repayment" is by no means as simple as the popular saying on the Internet. I think the information the animation creator wants to express is very obscure and the amount of information is huge. And it involves the novel "The Story of the Cat City" written by the famous Chinese writer Lao She more than 80 years ago.
For "Cat's Repayment", at first glance, it is a fairy tale of Yima Pingchuan; at a closer look, it is an obscure maze; after further exploration, you will find that "Cat's Repayment" is Miyazaki's gift to the audience, especially China. A "treasure map" drawn by the audience.
"If you encounter something incredible and bothering you, you might as well find out, because there..." (the same opening phrase in the animation "Cat's Repayment" and the comic "Cat Baron").
Chapter 1, Subconscious Dialogue
The three mentors in the hidden hall, Xitang, Angry Man, and Xifeng sit in the middle of the hall after a long case. In front of them was a faint light, like a firefly in summer. The light flickered and flickered, like a man's legs trembling with timidity. From the bright light came from time to time an unpleasant screeching sound that was a hundred times better than the sound of a rusted iron saw pulling damp wood.
Angry man: "You said that you think "The Cat's Repayment", which was released in 2002 and produced by Japan's Ghibli animation studio, is Hayao Miyazaki's work? You know, Hayao Miyazaki is just a plan for this one! Forget it, you actually said that "The Cat's Repayment" was changed from "The Story of a Cat City" written by Chinese writer Lao She in 1932?
You little guy has a big brain. If we turn your inspiration into a voice and tell us The brain master, the brain master really sent the eloquence, the generals, the foot soldiers to speak it out and write it down. Then you will not be laughed at again!"
Just as the angry man greeted the yamen, the inspiration was scattered with a stick . At that time, another mentor, Xitang, comforted her.
"Don't be angry, don't be angry...
Since this little guy said so, maybe he has a reason. We might as well listen to him and see what he has to say. If it's really a nonsense, there is no basis for it, we will send his parents to him when the time comes. Take it back and give it a good education.
Little guy, don't be afraid, you can say what you think, if it makes sense, we will tell the brain master what you said, then you will get the entity and upgrade to inspiration, so that you can truly become a part of the spiritual body . Even if your idea is unrealistic, I think this theme can be used to write a good animation script! The name of the script can be called "Research on the Connection between Hayao Miyazaki and Lao She", hee hee..."
Instructor Xitang spoke in a gentle tone, coupled with the temptation that it might become an eternal part of the spiritual body. That Xiaotuanguang decided to give it a shot and put the The thoughts in my heart have been poured out to the three mentors.
Now, his words are translated as follows:
Bright "Indeed, the official information shows that the author of the cartoon is the Japanese girl cartoonist Hiiragi Aoi, whose director is Morita Hiroyuki, the screenwriter. It's Reiko Yoshida. But I also saw on the Internet that there are rumors that Hiiragi Aoi was commissioned by Hayao Miyazaki to create the "Cat's Repayment" manga. I was watching the manga version of The Cat's Repayment, and there was a detail in it that pretty much confirmed the rumor.
Moreover, the status of animation planning in an animation is also very important. (That is, the term of planning animation. Responsible for determining the nature of a work (adaptation/original), the way of publicity (TV/OVA/theater), the length of the show and the basic setting of the story. Planning is a very important part of animation production, Decide on the general direction and content of an animation. Before the official production of the animation, a draft plan will be drawn up and the basic content of the work will be written. Next, a planning meeting will be held with the animation production company, sponsors and other relevant departments, Each department puts forward suggestions according to their own requirements, determines the production cost and production staff, and completes the official plan. That is to say, the storyline is generally proposed by the plan, and the director of the specific painting plan is generally not involved.)"
Angry man: "What are the details? ah? I can tell you, little guy. You have to write a movie review. Not some celebrity gossip. What you say should be convincing, otherwise, we won't have time to listen to your nonsense.
Guangguang swallowed nervously, and he was clear. The first point of argument he raised was extremely important, and it was related to whether he had the opportunity to continue his discussion. I
saw a light shot from the light, this light A photo was formed in front of the three mentors, and this photo was the second page in the original comic "Cat Baron" of "Cat's Repayment".
"Three teachers, please read, this is the penultimate page of the original comic "Cat Baron" in "Cat's Repayment", please pay attention to the sentence at the bottom 'Dedicated to friends who have passed away'." He
never said anything. Xifeng asked at this time: "Just by this sentence alone, you can take it seriously. Did Hayao Miyazaki lead the creation of "The Cat's Repayment"?"
Liangguang: "I can't see Master Miyazaki himself and ask him clearly! , the characters of the artists are indeed a bit special, and the animation communication between China and Japan is not smooth. I really can't find any direct proof that "Cat's Repayment" has changed from Lao She's "Cat City Story". Now, I can only follow Detective Conan, It is proved by reasoning."
"It's like there are many people in the West who study why the Mona Lisa's smile is so charming, and there are many scholars in the East who study who the prototype character of "A Dream of Red Mansions" is. Although you may never know the truth, but in the study There will always be gains in the process. Then please explain how you interpret 'dedicated to friends who have passed away'?" Xitang said.
The light trembled slightly, as if wiping the sweat oozing from the tension on his forehead. Because he was too worried that it was the angry teacher who asked the question.
Liang Guang continued: "The manga author Hiiragi Aoi was born on November 22, 1962, and the animation "Cat's Repayment" was adapted from his cartoon "Cat Baron"
. The logo of Dongfan Publishing House, which has no difference in hours, is not two pandas. But I didn't find it, only the following content was found. The
full name of Dongfan is Taiwan Dongfan Co., Ltd., also called Taiwan Dongfan Publishing House, which is Taiwan The first wholly foreign-owned independent company, established in 1990 of the last century, was mainly responsible for the translation, publishing and sales of Japanese books, mainly involving comics, magazines and novels. In fact, Tohan itself is one of the two largest book logistics companies in Japan. One, and the other is a Japanese vendor. In Japan, it is only responsible for the logistics channel sales of books. It does not publish books itself. Instead, after arriving in Taiwan, it decides to publish it by itself. It was because the conditions in Taiwan were much different from those in Japan at that time, and the east vendors could not do the logistics like in Japan, so they had to do book publishing instead.
Dongfan decided to set up a subsidiary in Taiwan. One of the main reasons was that when he was doing logistics before, he had dealt with Taiwan a lot and exported a lot of Japanese books to Taiwan. He also got to know a lot of publishing companies in Taiwan. The Japanese book market in Taiwan was still relatively blank, and we had a certain foundation, so we decided to set up a branch. The initial registered capital was NT$24 million at that time, mainly translating Japanese novels, but after two years of operation and sales, the results were not very satisfactory. By 1992, Tsukamoto Jin, who is now in Kadokawa, Taiwan, was dispatched to Taiwan by the East Sales Corporation. At that time, there were not many staff in Taiwan East Sales. Two Japanese and five Taiwanese became Taiwan East Sales at that time. all over.
At that time, Tsukamoto Shin, who was still the general manager of Tohan, saw such a situation and decided to change his thinking and add more popular genres that were more entertaining, such as comics, TV novels, and photo albums. The publication type and variety were increased, and then in 1997, I got involved in magazines. The first magazine published the Taiwanese Chinese version of the Japanese comic serial weekly "Shounen ACE", and then it covered food, entertainment information, fashion trends, etc. Gradually expanding the company scale of Taiwan Dongfan, the number of employees has risen to 35 in 1997, and then to 50 now.
What saved Donghan in difficult times was the comics section that was not much valued at that time. Since Tohan's parent company has contacts with various publishing houses in Japan, especially Kadokawa Bookstore, the relationship is even closer. Later, many Chinese versions of Kadokawa's comics were published by Tohan as an agent. However, due to the fact that the route at that time was in the direction of high age level, the cartoons published were mainly youth-oriented, and they were also relatively unpopular. The even more ridiculous thing is that Taiwan Dongfan has never had its own official website, and they have to check their publication before. All of the books can only be viewed at a certain branch of Yahoo in Taiwan, which is very inconvenient to find. It was not until 2006 that they had their own website to publish news and provide inquiries. It must be said that they are behind the times. It is also because of this that it is difficult to find detailed information on the comics published by Tohan before 2000. It is not even clear what has been published. It can only be judged by the memory of reading and the books that were later discovered by chance.
Although there are many unpopular comics, there are still some well-known works in it, such as the very popular CLAMP, whose works are almost all published by Dongfan, such as "X", "Tokyo Babylon", "Magic Knight", "WISH", "Saint Biography", etc., "EVA" comic version of Sadamoto Yoshiyuki, Ghibli's animation screenshot version, Hayao Miyazaki's only comic "Nausicaa", etc. )
Hiiragi Aoi should have been only thirty-eight or nine years old when she created the Cat Baron, and the phrase "dedicated to a friend who has passed away" is full of vicissitudes. How much can a thirty-eight-year-old female cartoonist have in the past? For a long time, how many friends have passed away? More importantly, Miyazaki's part-time friend Kondo Yoshifumi died of a heart attack on January 23, 1998. The film director Akira Kurosawa and the novelist Yoshie Horita, who were deeply intertwined with Hayao Miyazaki, also died in childhood.
Also, please note that there are two pandas, one big and one small, in the photo above. The pandas 'Tuantuan, Yuanyuan' presented to Taiwan from the mainland went to Taiwan in December 2008, before the publication of this book in Taiwan. It should have nothing to do with the gift panda 'Tuantuan, Yuanyuan'. On October 28, 1972, to commemorate the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, the Chinese government presented a pair of giant pandas Kang Kang and Lan Lan from the Beijing Zoo to Japan and settled in Ueno Zoo. Since then, the giant pandas at Ueno Zoo have been referred to as "friendship ambassadors". In the same year, Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata created an animated series "Panda and Son"... The two father and son pandas, one big and one small, are very similar to the pair of pandas in the "Cat Baron" comic book. "
"It's interesting!" Even if you pass these, you can prove that the animation "Cat's Repayment" is a film with a strong color of Hayao Miyazaki. So what does it have to do with Lao She's "Cat City Tale"? The tone of the teacher's angry man was finally less aggressive. But a new question was immediately thrown.
Guang Guang was relieved. He studied the most researched content and was the most prepared. He cleared his throat and then talked about the relationship between the two works. He started with Lao She's influence in Japan. Yes, if Lao She and his works are in the Japan doesn't have any influence, so how could Hayao Miyazaki know about Lao She and Lao She's "Cat City Tale"?
Liangguang: "I don't think I need to go into details about Mr. Lao She's achievements in the Chinese literary world. Literary and dramatic works such as "Camel Xiangzi", "Four Generations Together", and "The Tea House" are almost well known in China. However, many people may not I know that Lao She wrote a novel "The Story of the Cat City" that was praised by many Western scholars in 1932. It is said that if there was no Cultural Revolution and if he hadn't devoted himself to Taiping Lake, Mr. Lao She would have won the promise of "The Story of the Cat City". The Bell Prize for Literature, because the Nobel Prize is only awarded to living people.
Probably because of the national character of the chrysanthemum and the sword, the Laoshe fever first emerged in Japan in the 1940s. Then the second round of Lao She is hot, "Cat City" was translated into Japanese during this period and published in Japan. Haruki Murakami mentioned "Cat City" in his work "1Q84"! I think it is a classic magic It 's not surprising that Hayao Miyazaki can see this work."
"Okay, okay, let's get to the point! How similar are "Cat's Repayment" and "Cat City"? This is the most important thing, otherwise, the argument that it is all about cats will not convince anyone!" said the angry man.
"Then I'll start researching the evidence. Maybe it's a bit long, and I hope to give more time." Bright light said embarrassedly.
Xitang: "It doesn't matter, you can just say it. Tell the truth! Now I don't care much about whether what you said might actually be true. Now it seems like reading a detective novel. As long as you can reason and justify it, we are also happy to listen to it. As for the verbosity or not... The author of "The Wealth of Nations", the Scottish economist and philosopher Adam Smith, who is known as the "father of modern economics", is said to have thought that what he wrote was verbose, hee hee "..." The
earlier nervousness and anxiety were gradually waning, and Bright Light felt the joy that he had never felt before, speaking freely. After all, if he talked about so many things to the people around him, even half a sentence, he would be ridiculed for not doing his right job, and it would be whimsical. And by now he had said so much. He felt that being part of a spirit body didn't seem so important anymore, and having someone who would listen to you and be interested in what you had to say might be the happiest thing in the world.
"Then let's start with the 'self-preface' of Cat City Tale. Let's see if there are any clues in it."
'Mo Ruo said nothing, just let it go. ' This sentence is mentioned in the preface.
Look at "Cat's Repayment" again
. Both Baron and Cat City use the phrase in the picture. "If you encounter something incredible and troublesome, you might as well go and find out, because there..."
Please note , here the ellipsis and 'Morro keep silent and let it go. 'There is no sense of the same thing.
Also, what is the mysterious and disturbing thing that the anime talks about? Is it possible that Hayao Miyazaki is hinting to the audience, especially the Chinese audience: If you find that there is a shadow of "Cat City" in "The Cat's Repayment", you may as well go and find out, because there is something you want to know the truth. "
"This is completely conjecture!" Although Chinese literati and writers like to write a Tibetan poem, Western artists are also keen to invent some kind of Dafanqi code. But if you analyze it from an ellipsis, you only have 10% persuasive power. And it's all the guys who are on the same channel as you. "Xifeng said.
"There are two points in "Cat City" that are more in line with "Cat's Repayment". Bright replied.
"Oh...then tell me." "Xifeng said.
"'If you see something in your dreams, you may be able to write "The Story of the Dog City"'. "Liang Guang said.
"This little guy said there is a shadow of Dog City in it, and there must be some basis. It seems Xifeng you missed something. "The angry man seems to be talking for Guangguang at this moment. Does he agree with the ellipsis?
In the original comics, there is such a mural of the cat country. There is no dog in the original picture, but the mural in the animation, The image of a dog appeared.
Animated image…………………………………………………………
"It really is! Little guy, you look so carefully! It really has the image of a dog. So there might really be a dog kingdom! What a coincidence! Are there any coincidences? Say it now. "Xifeng is also interested.
Liangguang: "Then I'll continue. Let's talk about "Cat's Repayment" and the neglected Chinese elements in the original comic "Cat Baron"! And try to explain my addition to Miyazaki Hayao The metaphorical content that Chinese elements hope to express."
Angry man: "Haha, this point of view is novel. Maybe, you should become an Internet celebrity for this."
Xitang: "Don't listen to his nonsense, no matter what the result is, this is all It's a very fun thing to say, you say it, go ahead and say it!"
Xifeng: "Hey, will anyone watch it?"
Bright light continued.
Chapter Two, Magpie Bridge and Cat Baron's Jumping Lake Crossing
""Cat Baron" has a Chinese element represented by magpies, magpies in the comics, and crows in the animation. There is even a bridge of magpie bridges.
Another said It seems a little heavy. That is, under the impact and persecution of the "Cultural Revolution", Mr. Lao She chose to sink himself into Taiping Lake and performed a fairy tale-like interpretation in "Cat Baron". It's not like a coincidence. It's more like a nostalgia for Mr. Lao She!
But it didn't show up after it was changed to "Cat's Repayment". As for why this label style is not reflected Chinese elements. I guess, Hayao Miyazaki didn't want to give clues to the maze so clearly.
Just like the maze in "Cat Baron", there are both exits and the feeling of being difficult to find easily.
Speaking of The labyrinth in the manga, I think this is a bit like Hayao Miyazaki's handwriting. It's the first time I've seen such a complex panorama of the labyrinth in the manga? Aoi Hiiragi is a girl cartoonist, and the drawing lines are concise and freehand. .And this labyrinth feels very realistic. It's very similar to Hayao Miyazaki's style! Please see a page of Hayao Miyazaki's comic "The Valley of the Wind" created from 1982 to 1994. The cartoon of the Valley of the
Wind... ……………………………………
Angry man: "This style of painting is too vague. We won't tell the brain master this kind of guess. You must know that the brain mainly tells others about immature guesses, and the brain master will be laughed at by others. There is no way, because there are too many people in this world who have married themselves by laughing at others! So there are some ideas that we would rather rot in our stomachs than to say. Even some ideas are really interesting.
" I am proud of the method of comparing the style of painting by myself. But Xitang's remarks dealt a blow to the confidence he had just built up. No way, he is a sensitive light! I can be giggling because of a little certainty; I can also be uneasy because of a little doubt. He wanted too much to be affirmed by others.
"Alright then, I'll take back my guess." Bright chose to compromise.
Xitang: "I hope you understand, there is nothing we can do! We must protect the brain master, after all, his anti-strike ability is not very good. Li hehe..."
Bright light: "It doesn't matter... Then I will continue the animated film " There are several Chinese elements in "The Cat's Repayment"."
Before that, we need to understand the lives and main works of several real characters. Due to the limited space and the data collected, only a brief introduction can be made. In short, the more you can fully understand the life, thoughts and works of the following people. You can better understand the theme and story connotation that Hayao Miyazaki wants to express as an animation plan in "The Cat's Repayment".
The following are introduced in order of birth:
3 Chapters, The River of History, One of the Reflections That Passed By, Pessimistic Wells
Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), a famous British novel home, especially famous for his science fiction creations. In 1895, he published "The Time Machine" and became famous, and then published "Dr. Morrow Island", "The Invisible Man", "Interstellar War" and many other science fiction novels. He was also a social reformer and prophet, a prominent member of the Fabian Society, met Roosevelt and Stalin, and wrote "Kips," "Tonno-Bongay," "Mr. Polly and His History" ", "Mr. Brelin saw through him", "Benefit", "Prediction", "World History Outline" and many other works that focus on reality and think about the future.
Among them, "Interstellar War" (published in 1898, Chinese translation "War of the Martians"),
almost every novel by Welles makes people feel very pessimistic. He is the embodiment of the so-called pessimism in science fiction works. This is true of the mad scientist in "Dr. Moro Island", the tragic encounter of the protagonist in "The Invisible Man", and the burning of the invincible Martian in "Interstellar War". If Verne captured the joy that science brought to mankind, Wells spoke of the complex feelings of mankind under the miracle of technology, which is in the same vein as Mrs. Shelley.
After the 1920s, Wells turned to the creation of political novels, using the form of science fiction to promote his reform ideals, but overall it was considered to lack artistic features.
In Lao She's "Cat City Tale" published in 1932, it seems that he was influenced by Welles's political novels. From 1924 to 1930, Lao She lectured at the Chinese Department of the Oriental College, University of London, UK.
There is a possibility of intersection between Lao She and Wells.
In Hayao Miyazaki's major works such as "Nausicaa" and "Castle in the Sky," we can also see plot settings that are pessimistic about the consequences of human overuse of technology.
"Cat City Tale" is one of Lao She's lesser known works. On the one hand, it is due to the limited artistic height of the novel itself—it is straightforward and superficial; on the other hand, the understanding of the revolution and communism is relatively "backward", and there is only criticism and no suggestion for national character. It's too reluctant to offer constructive opinions—and an extremely pessimistic tone, so the novel has never been recommended. Unless people have a special interest in Lao She, they generally do not pay attention to this book. "Cat City Tale" is a straightforward fable about what I saw and heard when I landed on Mars in Cat Country. I don't know if this is China's first full-length science fiction novel. Lao She mentioned Wells in How I Wrote "Cat City". I don't know if it was Wells who wrote "The War of the Worlds"; if so, Lao She had read science fiction. The science fiction of "Cat City Tale" is fiction, the metaphor is true, and it still reflects the ecology of old China at that time. It's a pity that the metaphor is not too dark, so people can understand it at a glance. The novel magnifies the national character, like a cartoon, exaggerating the shortcomings of the Chinese people at that time. But Lao She's pen is the pen of the citizens, and the eyes are the eyes of the citizens; what he writes is the views and feelings of those who have been trampled on, so there is no "ideological" or "depth". (I feel the same way about a netizen's "Tale of the Cat City" after reading it.)
Mr. Paul Bardi, who enjoys an authoritative position in the European Lao She research community, wrote about "The Tale of the Cat City" in his book "The Novelist Lao She" There is also an equally innovative alternative evaluation, he believes that the novel "reveals a certain state of mind that was prevalent in people's minds at that time, which is the unique contribution of this novel, . . . These original ideas should not be ignored. (Excerpt from the Internet)
Lao She was criticized after the publication of "Cat City Tale", and three years later Lao She mentioned Wells in his article "How I Write a Cat City Tale". The following The full text of Lao She's 1935 "How I Write the Story of the Cat City":
From "Lao Zhang's Philosophy" to "Da Ming Lake", they were all published in the "Fiction Monthly", and then printed in individual editions by the Commercial Press. The manuscript of "Da Ming Lake" was burned, and the bottom version of "Xiao Po's Birthday" was also martyred; the latter, after many days, was transferred to the Life Bookstore for printing. "Fiction Monthly" ceased publication. The "Modern" magazine edited by brother Shi Zhecun was the only literary monthly magazine that had improved after the war in Shanghai. He asked me to write a "long story", and I agreed; this was for other publications - not "Fiction Monthly" Now - the beginning of writing the manuscript. This time I wrote "Cat City Tale". After the book is finished, the book will be published by the modern bookstore. This is the beginning of my book printing in another bookstore - not "business" anymore.
"Cat City", in my opinion, is a failed work. It mercilessly revealed what an ordinary brain I had. Halfway through writing, I wanted to withdraw my troops, but the facts did not allow me to do so, so I forcibly finished it! Some people say that this book is not humorous, so it deserves to be applauded, just as Mei Lanfang is worthy of applause. Actually it was just hating my humor, not what the book was good for. Tired of eating steamed buns, occasionally a bowl of thick rice also feels very fragrant, not really fragrant. Seriously, Cat City should be humorous at all, because it is a satire: satire and humor are clearly different in analysis, but can never be strictly separated in application. The more vicious the satire, the more interesting the writing should be, the people and things that are pretended to be described in detail, with sound and color, flesh and blood, and it seems to be well-mannered, as if there are such people and such things; Ambush under this, and then only the literary and embarrassing, scolding people scolded home. It is not afraid to write about a small country of three inches, or a sour country of gentlemen. It has to write the fables it relies on first, and then it seems to play with people and things in the palm of its hand, and create it carefully. He came out, and then pinched the gap between the bones and scolded him fiercely, making people unable to laugh or cry. It has to be lively, smart, delicate, and humorous. Must be humorous. Don't be humorous, you have to have more powerful writing, and a very smart brain, a slap, a red seal, a flash and a thunder. I don't have such strong hands and brains, and without my more assured humor, "Cat City" can't help but crawl on the ground, like a bird with broken wings.
In thought, I have no positive propositions and suggestions. This is probably the weakness of most satirical texts, but a good satirical text is able to hit the nail on the head and point out the faults of the world: although lack of leadership of thought, it can find the root cause of the disease, and let those who are eager to heal the disease know what to do medicine. As for me, I can neither have a positive leadership nor can I find the root cause of the disease, so I only have the weakness of irony, but I don't get its proper effect. What I think about is what ordinary people think about. I don’t need to say it, because everyone knows it. The bad phenomenon in front of me is my greatest concern; why is there such a bad phenomenon? I can't answer. Like ordinary people, I use "people's hearts are not ancient" - although these four words are not used - to perfunctory. This is just a pity for people and things, a kind of exhortation; pity and exhortation are the legitimate effects of "yin wenwen" - its effect is equivalent to talking nonsense. It's not even ironic enough. Paradoxical claims, even if they don't help, can show a bit of satirist's cleverness. I am honestly talking about common sense, and calling it irony is absurd. Change satire to preaching, and the more you talk, the more you get tired of panicking: those who dare to preach are either extremely smart or fools. I know I'm not the smartest, and I don't want to admit I'm an idiot; but since I've written Cat City, I can't help calling myself an idiot.
Naturally, there are some extraneous reasons why I should write such an insane book. The first one is disappointment in state affairs. Various military and diplomatic failures make a person with some feelings but not much insight, like me, easily disappointed by resentment. After disappointment, such people want to persuade, and persuasion is always a woman's benevolence. A person who is completely thoughtless can find food on a dunghill; a person who is truly thoughtful will never end up with this pile of dung. People with only half a bottle of vinegar wanted to maintain this pile of dung and went to advise the flies: "It's not sanitary here!" brain". I actually went to advise the flies!
It is true that a person with little thought can write very good articles; there are many examples of this in the history of literature. However, such an expert must have great realism skills, or a great ability to express emotions. The former can write down the appearance of the surface in detail. Although it is not as powerful as a microscope, it is still a good glass mirror, reflecting a real world. The latter can express ordinary feelings powerfully and move people. But me, I wrote a satire. Irony has to be superb, and I'm not. Irony needs to be calm, so I can't rant and twiddle. Not being able to hang a mirror and throwing bombs on people's hearts is pitiful.
Losing the irony and gaining the humor is actually not bad. Irony and humor are different mentalities, but both have to be a little smart. Using this cleverness, even if you are not clever, you will be able to see some spirituality, at least in words. I deliberately forbade humor, so Cat City is completely useless. "Da Ming Lake" failed first, and "Cat City Tale" followed with a second time. My friends often tell me to stop being humorous, and I appreciate it, and I know that I often hate it because of it. But after these two failures, I realized that it is very difficult for a dog to become a cat. Sometimes I really want to work hard to make amends, and occasionally I can write something solemn and a little like it because of my hard work. But this kind of thing always lacks natural taste, like a little girl with eyebrows and powder. Let me open my mouth, my hatred is undeniable, but my innocence is also in it, Aristophanes (Aristophanes) wildness is out of reach; I don't want to climb high, but I don't have to obliterate the truth because of humility.
Of course, these two articles—"Da Ming Lake" and "Tale of the Cat City"—are not all bad for me: they give me the opportunity to practice how to write honestly, how to lie and stare Strangely said. Although they are failures in themselves, they always gain some experience after some failures.
Needless to say, the genre of "Cat City" is the easiest to use for satirical articles and has been used by literati. Use a cat or a person to go on an adventure or travel, and write whatever you see. It doesn't matter if the adventurer goes to the moon or to hell. He's a critic, maybe a sentimental journalist. The explorer of "Cat City" is clearly a post-class, he is not good at criticizing, but has a lot of superficial emotions; his report is obviously like an old woman who went to a banquet and did not eat enough to go home and talk nonsense.
I've known this genre for a long time. It's ridiculous to say that the reason why I have to use Cat City instead of Dog City is entirely due to a small family fact - I just got a yellow and white kitten. Wells's The first man in themoon ("The first man on the moon"), compares the social life on the moon with the division of labor and cooperation of ants, obviously intending to point out another way of human civilization. My cat person is a cat person by accident. If I had brought a rabbit that day, the cat man would have become a rabbit man; although the cat man and the rabbit man must be equally bad.
Cat people are undeniably bad. It is undeniable that I exposed their badness out of love for them. Too bad I didn't come up with a solution for them. Me too! But I have to say it: even if I gave the cat people the brightest idea, they would have made it a big joke; cat people's stupidity is equal to their cleverness. I love them, ashamed! I can only mock them in the end! Besides; I have been with cat people for so many days, and I know that if I attack them outright and then give them a good idea, they will kill me secretly. My cowardice is enough to suggest the bravery of the cat people, how brave! Forget it, don't say anything more!
Chapter 3. The river of history, the second reflection passing by, Pearl Buck? Fang Pearl!
Pearl Buck (June 26, 1892 - March 6, 1973), literally translated Pearl Buck, American writer, human rights and women's rights activist. Four months after he was born, he was brought to China by his parents who were missionaries. He spent 18 years in Zhenjiang as a child, a teenager, and into his youth. Pearl Buck has lived in China for nearly 40 years. She calls Chinese her "first language" and Zhenjiang her "hometown of China".
Here she wrote the novel "The Good Earth", which describes the life of Chinese peasants. In 1932, she won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her novel, and in 1938, she won the second Nobel Prize in American history. Bell Prize for Literature. In 1934, Pearl Buck bid farewell to China and returned to settle in China. After returning to China, she continued her writing and actively participated in human rights and feminist activities in the United States.
She is also the only female writer who has won both the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize, and is currently the American writer with the most widely circulated works.
In 1972, after Nixon's visit to China, she took the initiative to support NBC's "Rewatch China" program, and actively applied for a visit to China. But due to the political climate at the time, her application to visit China was rejected. She died of depression in Danby, Vermont on May 6, 1973, and was buried at Green Mountain Farm in Pukesh, Pennsylvania. There will be no chance to return to the land of China she loves. After her death, according to her will, only the three Chinese characters "Pearl Buck" were engraved on the tombstone.
Pearl Buck was the first writer to translate "Water Margin" into English.
During Lao She's visit to the United States from 1946 to 1949, he took extra care of Lao She.
She was misunderstood by many Chinese. The
Pearl Bucks also set up an "East-West Association" and acted as the president of the association. The Association's publication, Asia Monthly, divided Snow's Journey to the West into two parts: Autobiography of Mao Zedong and The Long March of 25,000 Miles, which were first introduced to the world. The works of Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Guo Moruo, Rou Shi, Ding Ling, Xiao Qian and Xiao Hong have all been published in Asia.
However, as "the first American friend of the Chinese," Pearl Buck's dual identity made her miserable again. In the United States, she is a thorn in the side of right-wing elements and a "pro-communist". The FBI's case file on Pearl Buck is over 300 pages long. In China, it is also misunderstood by many Chinese. "Earth" was filmed in China, but the Kuomintang government thought it slandered the Chinese people and blocked it. In the end, it instructed the gangsters to pour sulfuric acid on the film box, so that only one-tenth of the film was shot in China. The Kuomintang government also explicitly ordered the ambassador to Sweden not to attend Pearl Buck's Nobel Prize ceremony. Some progressive writers in our country also criticized Pearl Buck. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Pearl Buck was once put on the hat of "American reactionary literati" and "the vanguard of American imperialist cultural aggression". Not only did her love for China not get the slightest response, but she suffered countless misunderstandings and ruthless rejections. But she still wrote madly: "I belong to China all my life, from childhood to teenager to adulthood."
In 1972, on the eve of President Nixon's visit to China, she was so excited that she wanted to "return to her mother's home", and regardless of her 80s, she served as the host of the NBC special program "Reviewing China". She also announced to the media early that she had applied and would return to China, but what she was waiting for was a "visa refusal". Since then, she has been taciturn and died on March 6 of the following year (1973), wearing her favorite silk cheongsam when she was cremated. Her ashes are buried at Green Hills Farm, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The small tombstone lying reclining on the grass was designed by her during her lifetime, and only three Chinese characters in seal script are engraved on it: "Pearl Buck". It is said that it was written by her, like a seal in Yangwen.
She is a bridge between Eastern and Western civilizations.
After the reform and opening up, relevant parties in China made a realistic evaluation of Pearl Buck, and her book "The Earth" was also published in China. The Zhenjiang Municipal Government and Americans jointly funded the renovation of the Pearl Buck's former residence, which had been converted into a factory, and as a memorial hall, it is listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit. The Xiaobai Building where Pearl Buck lived in Nanjing University and wrote "The Earth" has long been repaired and listed. In 1998, when former US President George Bush visited China, he made a special trip to visit the Xiaobai Building of Nanjing University, and he told his Chinese friends: "My understanding of China at the beginning, and even my admiration for China later, is the influence of Pearl Buck. , began by reading her novels." As the famous American scholar Thomson said: "To a large extent, it is because of Pearl Buck that generations of Americans look at them with sympathy, love and respect. Chinese." As former US President Richard Nixon said in his eulogy at Pearl Buck's funeral, she was "a bridge between Eastern and Western civilizations", "a great artist, a sensitive and compassionate person. ".
During Lao She's visit to the United States from 1946 to 1949, he took extra care of Lao She.
The Big Wave, published in 1948, won the American Children's Research Association Award. The protagonists of this story are two little Japanese boys named Kino and Jiya. Guiye's parents were farmers, who lived in the mountains and cultivated terraced fields for generations; Shizai's ancestors were fishermen, who lived in fishing villages at the foot of the mountains. What confuses Takano is that his good friend Jiya calls the sea their enemy, and Jiya's father seems to be terrified of the sea. Until one day, the volcano erupted and caused a tsunami. Following his father's order, Jiya, Takano and his father, who followed his father's order to take refuge in the mountains, witnessed the huge waves set off by the tsunami swept the entire fishing village, and all the relatives who stayed in the fishing village were killed. At this moment, they really felt the power of nature and the fear of death. Takano's father adopted Jiya, and he instilled the death philosophy of enjoying life and not fearing death to the children with incisive words, in order to alleviate their fear of death.
Limited information, only know that Pearl Buck and Hayao Miyazaki did not have a direct intersection, but there was an indirect intersection. Miyazaki's works have strong feminist ideas. Pearl Buck's children's literature work "The Big Wave" took place in Japan, and the protagonist is also a Japanese child. In 1948, Miyazaki was 7 years old.
Chapter 3. The river of history, the third reflection that passes by, the responsible pawn in Chinese literature and art.
Shu Qingchun (February 3, 1899 - August 24, 1966), the word Sheyu, the pseudonym Lao She, the Manchu Zhenghongqi Ren, whose real name is Shu Qingchun, was born in Beijing, a modern Chinese novelist, a famous writer, an outstanding language master, a people's artist, and the first writer in New China to be awarded the title of "People's Artist".
On August 24, 1966, Chinese writer Lao She committed suicide by throwing himself into Taiping Lake in Beijing because he could not bear the violent criticism of the Red Guards. In early 1978, Lao She was rehabilitated and restored the title of "People's Artist".
In 1932, he created "Cat City" and serialized it in "Modern" magazine.
In October 1949, Lao She returned to the motherland. Created the drama "Fang Pearl" (I guess, this Fang Pearl is also a tribute to American friend Ms. Pearl Buck, and also pointed out that Ms. Buck is angular! Lao She named the protagonist's task in his short story "Breaking Soul Gun" It is called "Sha Zilong", and it is also called Zilong. It also uses a spear as a weapon, but it is not Zhao Zilong in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but the homophonic pronunciation of "Fool Dragon".)
According to the article "Mr. Lao She's Postscript to Japanese Writers" by Mr. Shu Yi, the son of Lao She:
"It started on March 24, 1965 and ended on April 29. Starting from Tokyo, successively in Osaka, Nara, Kyoto, Atami , Hakone, Enoshima, Kamakura, Sendai, Matsushima Bay, Utsunomiya, Nikko, etc. Mr. Lao She personally visited the homes of more than 30 writers, and one of the most famous Japanese writers and artists. We shook hands and talked cordially, wrote poems and took pictures to commemorate them. Among them were Kenzo Nakajima, Katsuichiro Kamei, Fan Shiraishi, Yasun Takeda, Serizawa, Junji Kinoshita, Tomoji Abe, Naoya Shiga, Kazuro Hirotsu, and Kawabata. Yasunari, Suekawa Hiroshi, Ida Yoshigen, Tanizaki Junichiro, Ooka Shenghei, Koyama Fujio, Nakamura Mitsuo, Yamamura Yoshihide, Ito Masaru, Niwa Fumio, Ishikawa Tatsumi, Kawaguchi Matsutaro, Inoue Yasushi, Toki Zenko, Fengdao Chunkai, Ma Xiu Jiang, etc. He also visited the private houses of well-known young writers who are active in the literary world, such as Kazuko Yujizuo, Kagao Jian, Akiwu Honda, Kenzaburo Oe, Saburo Shiroyama, etc., or at banquets attended by them. He also accepted interviews and interviews with Mori Fan Yahisa, Takenaka Nobuyuki, Oshiba Takaya, Nishiguchi, Yoshikawa, Shigezawa Toshiro, Ohara Tomie, Fujimori, Horita, Honda, Hojo Hideji, Takakura Teru, Moribita Ichiro and others. Visited Comrade Miyamoto, the leader of the Japanese Communist Party. Mr. Lao She's visit to Japan has made extensive contacts, deep research, and many touching stories, all of which have set a rare record in the history of international literary contacts. All kinds of welcome banquets, frequent lectures, symposiums, and watching dramas, songs and dances, and theatrical performances are equivalent to meeting the entire Japanese writer camp in more than a month, and forming good friends. Flowers, martial arts, Zen, fine arts, history, ancient poetry, food culture... A "Lao She craze" has been set off in Japan.
Japanese translations of Lao She's works are the earliest and largest. In 1939, Lao She's short story "Great Compassion" "Outside the Temple" was translated into Japanese, and "Xiaopo's Birthday" was translated into Japanese the following year. Up to now, most of Lao She's novels, most of his plays and some other works have Japanese versions. Among them, the most systematic It is the "Complete Works of Lao She's Novels" (10 volumes in total) published by Xueyanshe from 1981 to 1983, which is also the first in the world (including China). And there are more than ten Japanese versions of the famous book "Camel Xiangzi", which is also the first in the world (including China). Rare in the history of world translation.
There are so many Japanese studies on Lao She's articles and works that no other country can compare them except China. According to the information provided in "The Bibliography of Japanese Published Lao She Studies" (1984) and "Introduction to Japanese Lao She Studies in the Past Ten Years" (1992), together with the relevant materials in the past four years, Japan Lao She's research papers, entries, biography, chronology, interview articles, etc., total no less than 400. This number is far greater than the sum of articles about Lao She from all countries in the world except China; In Japan, there are more than ten kinds of Lao She chronology published by different authors, which is also not found in other countries in the world. The 702-page book "Lao She Shi Dian" (edited by Tokiko Zhongshan, published by Daxiukan) is praised by scholars as an "encyclopedia" of Lao She's research (Professor Wang Runhua from Singapore, Professor Keiichi Ito from Japan, etc. , 1988), also exclusively in the world. "Lao She and the Japan-China War" (Oriental Bookstore Edition, 1995) edited by Mr. Shiibaki Yoshitaro and published as a part of Lao She's catalogue summary is also a work with detailed information, unique characteristics and value.
In March 1984, Japan announced in Nagoya the establishment of the world's first national Lao She research institution, the All Japan Lao She Research Association (the Chinese Lao She Research Association was established in 1985).
After Lao She was persecuted to death by the "Gang of Four" in August 1966, the first person in the world who dared to stand up for Lao She and seek justice was the Japanese. In March 1967, the Japanese young Zhuang school writer Mizuho published the article "Cricket Gourd", and in 1970 the famous writer Inoue Yasushi published the article "The Pot". They all used affectionate words to recall and miss Mr. Lao She. It is raging, and the evil wind of "big criticism" blowing up in mainland China is whipping Lao She's corpse! We know that the Japanese in general are not the same as us in terms of world outlook, values, and literature. However, many Japanese scholars have a sense of justice, love Chinese culture, have high cultural accomplishment and keen academic vision, and even have materialistic elements in their ideological viewpoints. That's why they took the risk to speak for Lao She. In China, Zhaoxue was publicly rehabilitated for Lao She in 1978, more than a year after the fall of the "Gang of Four".
In terms of research methods and perspectives, although Japanese scholars focus on researching evidence, they are still diversified and eclectic; although they pay more attention to the micro, there are also new theories in macro research, such as comparative studies, psychology, structural studies, Religion, geography, folklore, linguistics, rhetoric, and even sociology, all have considerable gains. In the field of comparative studies, Sugino Motoko's doctoral dissertation "Natsume Soseki and Lao She - Centered on the British Experience of Two Writers" is a distinctive and powerful dissertation. She put the two cross-border writers together and discussed them in the context of British culture, and discussed in depth the connotations of the two works "I Am a Cat" and "Cat City Tale", whether they are similar or different. Make people feel new and full of personality. Her other paper, "Lao She and the School Trend - Centered on "Zhao Ziyue", which is called "a big upset" (by Shu Yi) by Chinese scholars, examines the relationship between Lao She's novels and the In addition to the close relationship between the actual student movement, the relationship between Zhao Ziyue and Ah Q is also analyzed from a comparative perspective. At the annual meeting of the Japan Lao She Research Association held in July this year, she gave a speech entitled "Lao She and Xiao Gan" from the fact that both Lao She and Xiao Gan had a profound relationship with Christianity, which was also well received. Mr. Hengfu Rixia wrote on Lao She, his "Cat City Story" and Western culture. He discussed Lao She's influence of the Bible and his fascination with the Bible. He pointed out the plots in "Cat City Story". For example, the "finger of destruction" comes from the story of the destruction of Caleb's kingdom in the fifth chapter of the Book of Daniel in the Bible. In the early 1980s, Lao She has written works by Yuriko Takahashi and Yasuo Watanabe.
The information is limited, although I know that Mr. Lao She visited Japan in 1965 and visited Tokyo. (Hao Miyazaki joined the Toei Animation Company in Tokyo, Japan in 1963.) This should be the closest Lao She and Hayao Miyazaki are, but it is impossible to determine whether Hayao Miyazaki has a direct intersection with Hayao Miyazaki.
But there was an important indirect intersection between Miyazaki and Lao She in 1965. Because during Lao She's visit to Japan, he had direct contact with the Japanese writer Hota Yoshie, who had an important influence on Hayao Miyazaki (see Mr. Shu Yi's article above, Lao She had contact with many Japanese writers, one of whom was called "Horita"). Writer, that Hota should be Yoshie Horita).
Chapter 3. The river of history, the fourth reflection that passed by: Jiraiya in Hokage, oil of toad.
Akira Kurosawa and Hayao Miyazaki have a direct intersection. In 1993, the dialogue between the two was filmed into a documentary film "Peak Dialogue" (During the dialogue between the two, Akira Kurosawa expressed the hope that Hayao Miyazaki would be adapted into an animation based on a literary masterpiece. expectations. And discussed Akira Kurosawa's new film "A Generation of Fresh Teachers"). I think one of the motivations that inspired Miyazaki to still engage in animation creation in his seventies came from Akira Kurosawa.
Akira Kurosawa finished filming "A Generation of Fresh Teachers" in 1993 at the age of more than eighty years old (the Chinese film title "Curling Sunset Love". Xian is the same as the first, vivid and interesting, yet respectful. It is better than the curling sunset. The stalk of "A Generation of Fresh Teachers" can be seen in "The Cat's Repayment", which will be discussed in detail later.) After that, he is still preparing to shoot the next movie, but it was not completed due to an accidental fall. until his death in 1998.
Akira Kurosawa is a Japanese screenwriter, director, and producer. Born in 1910 in Oimachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
In 1934, the 26-year-old Akira Kurosawa entered the PCL Film Company and studied directing and screenwriting from Kajiro Yamamoto; published his first script "The Germans in the Dharma Temple" in 1936; in 1943, he directed the virgin "Zisan Shiro" by himself for the first time. "; in 1951, he won the Golden Lion Award at the Venice Film Festival with "Rashomon", becoming the first Asian in the history of the Golden Lion Award; in 1954, he directed the first period drama "Seven Samurai" that really added the interest of Western films. It received widespread attention, and was later remade by American director John Sturges; in 1975, the Japanese-Russian joint film "Desu Uzala" directed the Moscow Film Festival Gold Award and the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film. In 1990, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 62nd Academy Awards.
In 1984, 74-year-old Kurosawa published his autobiography "The Oil of Toads"
. There is such a story among Japanese folks: in the deep mountains, there is a special kind of toad, which is not only uglier in appearance, but also longer than others. several legs. After people caught it, they put it in front of a mirror or in a glass box, and when the toad saw its ugly appearance, it couldn't help but get scared out of oil. This oil is also a precious medicinal material used by folks to treat burns and scalds. Looking back on the past in his later years, Akira Kurosawa described himself as a toad standing in front of a mirror, and found himself in all kinds of unbearable past, scared out of oil - the crystallization of this oil is this "Toad's Oil".
It is worth mentioning that. In the famous Japanese comic "Naruto" in the 21st century, the famous character "Jiraiya" is also called "Toad Immortal". He wears a forehead guard marked with the word "oil". I guess it is the author of Hokage who pays tribute to Akira Kurosawa through this method. If you carefully savor Kurosawa Akira's real experience and Jiraiya's character setting, there are really some similarities!
Coincidentally. In Hayao Miyazaki's famous work "Spirited Away", elements of toad and oil can also be seen. The Faceless Man was able to speak by devouring a frog working in the soup house. The "oil" symbol can also be clearly seen in the scene design of the soup house. This has to be reminiscent of Miyazaki's view of "Spirited Away" as a work that analyzes the self and even society. And the toad character in the animation may even be the self-incarnation of Hayao Miyazaki in the animation.
In 1995, Akira Kurosawa left his beloved career temporarily due to an accidental fall. On the afternoon of September 6, 1998, Akira Kurosawa died in Tokyo at the age of 88. More than 35,000 people attended his memorial service. (Presumably Hayao Miyazaki is also among them!)
Chapter 3, the river of time, the fourth reflection that passed by: the lonely shadow in the square.
Hota Yoshie
Japanese writer (1918-1998). Born in Toyama Prefecture. I started writing poetry as a student. Graduated from Keio University in 1942 and worked for the International Culture Promotion Association. In 1945, he was sent to Shanghai, China. After Japan surrendered, he returned to China and worked in the "World Daily". In 1950, he published the novels "The Loss of the Motherland" and "The Wandering Jew", which attracted the attention of the literary world. "The Loss of the Motherland" describes what happened to the stateless people in Shanghai before the war. The Wheel (1951) describes the revolutionary movement in Shanghai. In 1951, he won the 26th Akutagawa Award for "The Solitude of the Square" and "Inner □". "Solitude in the Square" describes the turmoil and unrest among Japanese intellectuals before and after the Korean War. The novel "History" published in 1953, with Shanghai in 1946 as the background, reflects the social turmoil. "From the depths of the tsunami" published in 1960, with the Shimabara Rebellion as the theme, showed the struggle between poor farmers and ronin in history. The novel "Ghost Island" (1956), wrote about the ignorance of the remote countryside and the miserable life of the poor peasants. His works reveal social contradictions and describe the problems faced by mankind. Many of his works are based on the life of Chinese society before and after the surrender of Japan and Japanese society under the occupation of the United States, reflecting the loneliness and depression of intellectuals. Some works expose the crimes of Japanese imperialism's aggression against China.
The novel "Time" created by him may be the only literary work in Japan whose theme is taken from the Nanjing Massacre. (Limited information, it is impossible to know the specific content of "Time".)
Hota Yoshie and Miyazaki have important direct intersections.
Horita Shanwei's work resonated with young Miyazaki. "When I was young, I hated Japan very much and was ashamed of being a Japanese. At this time, I read a series of works such as "The Solitude of the Square" by Mr. Horita. I realized that he and I faced the same The problem." ("The Point of Departure (1979-1996)")
"The last scene of "The Solitude of the Plaza" (Akutagawa Award in 1951) especially touched me. The protagonist abandons his plan to escape Japan and burns out the black market dollars. Seeing this, I realized that I too had to continue dealing with Japan, which I could never fall in love with. (Bunko version of "The Wind of the Times")
I have to say that Hayao Miyazaki's attitude towards Japan's invasion of China during World War II was deeply influenced by Yoshie Horita. (Hao Miyazaki has publicly stated that Japan should have dealt with the issue of comfort women long ago, and Japan should apologize to South Korea and China. Hayao Miyazaki published an article in a media criticizing the Abe regime’s revision of the constitution, which caused an uproar in Japan.)
3 Chapter, the river of time, the passing reflection of the fifth: the Japanese pacifist bookstore owner who was met by Premier Zhou and had his teeth broken by the Japanese right wing.
Dejian Kangkuai
(October 25, 1921 - September 20, 2000), Japanese Roman pronunciation is Yasuyoshi Tokuma. Famous Japanese filmmaker, president of Tokuma Shoten, one of the founders and president of Studio Ghibli. He is also a pacifist. During World War II, his teeth were broken by right-wing elements because of his anti-war. After the founding of New China, he was received by Premier Zhou. At 6 pm on September 20, 2000, Tokuma Yasushi died in Tokyo, Japan at the age of 78.
Yasushi Tokuma was originally a reporter for the Yomiuri Shimbun in Osaka, Japan. He founded the Tokuma Bookstore in 1954, and later developed into the record industry, film industry, and newspaper industry. The Sino-Japanese co-production anti-Japanese militarism film "An Unfinished Chess", which is familiar and loved by Chinese audiences, was completed in cooperation with the Chinese side by Japan's Daiei Film Company hosted by Yasuo Tokuma; "Judou" directed by Zhang Yimou is also It was jointly invested and filmed by China Film, Dejian Bookstore and Western Film Studio; another Sino-Japanese co-production "Dunhuang" also contains the efforts of Dejian Kangkuai. He is committed to the creation of Japanese cartoons, and fully supports the famous directors Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takada to make films, and has released blockbuster cartoons such as "Nausicaa", "My Neighbor Totoro", "Kiki's Delivery Service", "Magic Princess"; His feature film "Let's Dance" also made a big hit in Japan and overseas. Since 1991, Yasushi Tokuma has served as the chairman of the Tokyo International Film Festival for eight consecutive years. At 6:00 pm on September 20, 2000, the famous Japanese filmmaker and president of Tokuma Bookstore Tokuma Yasushi died in Tokyo at the age of 78.
Tokuma Bookstore is a company under Tokuma Kangkuai, which financed the establishment of GHIBLI and released a large number of works by GHIBLI, Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata.
In addition to being in charge of the distribution business, he is also involved in some corporate development and other matters. Tokuma Kangkuai is not an animator. He rarely asks about GHIBLI, but he is always on the front line to help when needed. It was his decision to put Hayao Miyazaki's manga Nausicaa on the screen at the beginning; another example is to serve as the production commander of "Spirited Away" and so on.
Dejian Bookstore distributes some GHIBLI works. For example, the title of "City in the Sky" has the words "Produced by Dejian Bookstore, 1986". Mainly the publications and news of the Tokuma Bookstore, with content related to Hayao Miyazaki's works (manga version of "The Valley of the Wind", "Miyazaki's Miscellaneous Thoughts", etc.).
Works
Golden Ring Eclipse (1975) - Production
ダイナマイトどんどん (1978) - Commander
Golden Dog (1979) - Production Commander, Commander
Unfinished Bureau (1982) - Production of Ghibli's
Xuehua Thorn (1982) - Production
of the Valley of the Wind (1984) - Production of
Sengoku Majinhao General) - Production
of Castle in the Sky (1986) - Production ofネ
オ?
Production
of Totoro (1988) - Production
of Dunhuang (1988) - Production of the commander-in-chief
Witch's Delivery Service (1989) - Production of
Haruka かなるKoshien (1990) - Production of the commander-in-
chief Judou (1990) - Production of the commander-in-
chief Childhood Bits and Pieces (1991) - Production
of Porcupine (1992) - Production
of おろしや 国酔 Mengtan (1992) - Production Director
まあだだよ (1993) - ゼネラル?プロデューサー
Heisei Tanuki War (1994) - Production
キャンプでEvery いましょう (1995) - Production Command
Heart Valley (1995) - Production Commander
Camilla Monster Battle in the Air (1995) - Production Commander
Talk About Love and Dance (1996) - Production Commander Camela
2 Region Strikes (1996) - Productio
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