This text appeared in 2007, and the visual inspection has nothing to do with the creation of this film. Therefore, it can be believed that many Freud and Jung events mentioned in this text and the film have actually occurred.
To interrupt, there is no heroine in this text-this woman is real, and she left Freud and Jung to continue working on psychoanalysis after the events described in the film. The later story was unfortunate. Her husband and her brother were killed in the Stalin terrorist movement, and she and her two children were killed in the Nazi's extermination of Jews in 1942.
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"Freud and Jung: from acquaintance to rupture"
Some people in the West believe that: "The 20th century is the century of psychoanalysis." Although this statement is inevitably an exaggeration, it illustrates the magnitude of the influence of psychoanalysis theory in the West from a certain perspective. Freud, as the founder of this theory, and Jung, as a powerful promoter and developer of this theory, have become an extremely important psychologist in modern psychology. And the grievances and grievances that occurred between these two giants from acquaintance to rupture has become a major event in the history of psychoanalysis. What we have to do in this article is to review that period of history to understand the vicissitudes of grievances that occurred between the two.
First, met
us start with the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud talking about. Freud was born in 1856. In 1873, he entered the world-famous Medical School of the University of Vienna, where he studied under the influential Brück. Later, he cooperated with Breuer to discuss the use of free connection ideas to treat neurological symptoms. In 1895, the two co-authored the book "Research on Hysteria". Later, because Freud emphasized that sexual confusion is the root cause of hysteria, and Breuer refused to accept this view, the cooperation and friendship between the two ended. Since then, Freud single-handedly carried out pioneering work. In 1900, he published his first masterpiece "Analysis of Dreams". The publication of this book marked the establishment of the theoretical foundation of psychoanalysis and also opened a prelude to the vicissitudes of grievances and grievances.
At this time, Jung, who was only 25 years old, had just graduated from medical school and worked as an assistant to the famous psychiatrist Bleuler in a mental hospital in Zurich. At that time, Jung was beginning to perseverely and resolutely explore the many mental illness issues that puzzled him, trying to find a way for him to go forward and succeed in his career. "Analysis of Dreams" has just been published and recommended by his instructor, Jung read the first edition of this book. But for Jung at the time, he lacked the preparation to appreciate this book. Because he still lacks personal experience, he can't fully comprehend the significance of this pioneering research conducted by Freud. So he put the book aside. In the following years, Jung began to engage in the famous "word association" test. This test reads the words on a vocabulary list to the patient one at a time and asks the patient to respond to them. If the patient appears hesitant when responding, or shows certain emotions when responding, it indicates that the word is likely to touch something Jung later called "complex." This great experiment independently completed by Jung won him honor on the one hand, and laid a solid foundation for him to accept Freud's ideas on the other. In 1903, Jung read and studied "The Analysis of Dreams" again. Suddenly, he found that the problem he was exploring coincided with the theory in Freud's work. He found that Freud's theory provided the best repressive "mechanism" he observed in the experiment of word association. Explanation and description. In other words, Freud's discovery is in line with a series of experimental studies done by himself. He was very excited. He began to truly appreciate the work of another genius. He realized that in Vienna, thousands of miles away, another outstanding figure was exploring the same issues of mutual concern and came to almost the same conclusions. It can be said that the experience of reading this book for the second time became the dividing line of Jung's career turning point in his life.
In view of his experiments, Jung believed that Freud was right. However, this appreciation of Freud was not very glorious at the time. But Jung, who insisted on the truth, put aside secular prejudices and decided to openly stand on Freud's side and support Freud's theory.
In March or early April 1906, Jung extended an olive branch to Freud. He wrote a letter to Freud and at the same time sent his paper "Research on Psychological Association Diagnosis". Freud, who was isolated and helpless at the time, happily accepted the olive branch handed by Jung. In his reply on April 11, he expressed his sincere gratitude and the joy that his theory was confirmed by Jung’s experience. . After many subsequent correspondence, Freud invited Jung to Vienna as a guest in 1907.
On March 3, ten o'clock in the morning, it was a chilling Sunday. The two met in Vienna. In this meeting, Jung, who was very excited, talked for three hours in a row. In the end, Freud, who was patiently immersed in Jung’s conversation, interrupted Jung’s words and suggested that they should continue to discuss relevant issues in a more in-depth and more systematic manner... Both of them were inspired by each other’s extraordinary talent and enthusiasm. Infected, intoxicated by this kind of like-minded and match-matched communication. In Jung's view, Freud was "the most outstanding person I knew. As far as I knew and understood at the time, no one could match him." For Freud, he I have never encountered a person like Jung who has a wide range of knowledge and has such a strong interest in the cause of mental illness. Jung's unrestrained imagination also fascinated Freud. So this fascinating and lively long marathon conversation between the two lasted for thirteen hours! We can imagine that this conversation might last longer if it hadn't been for both sides to be very sleepy.
The first meeting left a deep and beautiful impression on both of them. After this meeting, Freud immediately wrote to Jung and said to meet you, "It makes me extremely excited and pleased. I have to use words or words to make you understand. I trust you. I have to emphasize. The thing is that you make me full of confidence in the future. I have now clearly realized that just like anyone else, someone should take my place, and in my opinion you are the most appropriate person I am counting on. ... Come to continue and complete the cause I am fighting for.”
Four days later, Jung wrote in his reply: “What disturbs me is that you overestimated me and my abilities. Under your guidance, I can deeply understand many things. However, I am still far from grasping them clearly..."
The common goal brought the two people together. But we can notice that there were some differences between the two from the beginning. Although both of them are convinced of the existence of repression, in terms of the connotation of repression, they have different views. Freud believed that the connotation of repression is a potential sexual motivation or experience. As Jung said when looking back at the first meeting between the two, whenever it comes to sex-related issues, every word of Freud is filled with a special impulse. "Obviously" Jung wrote, "Freud believed in his theory of sex, and believed that this theory was of overriding importance. At the mention of this question, his tone became rushed, almost impatient. And with excitement, the very serious, elusive, critical and skeptical temperament that he possessed has disappeared without a trace...." Jung tried to limit and limit the range of sexual motivation. By definition, for him, “in some cases, sexual problems are not an absolutely important factor in causing illness, but only play an additional, secondary role.”
In the letters that continued after the initial meeting, they were all honest. Own opinions, and fiercely clash with different opinions. However, since this was carried out in a discussion-style academic atmosphere, there was no grievance between the two. In fact, they are working hard and stubbornly in the wilderness of the spirit that no one has ever walked before, breaking through thorns and thorns, blazing a trail, discovering, and exploring the most exciting mystery in the spiritual realm. This kind of side-by-side fighting and unanimous confrontation with the worldly experience of the outside world is enough to make up for any differences that exist between the two. The cognitive and theoretical differences that existed between the two from the beginning were obscured by the passion of immersing themselves in admiring each other and creating a great cause together.
Second, the warm friendship
after meeting with the subsequent exchanges of letters after the first time, their friendship quickly warming. The communication between the two continued. Many letters are still full of unspeakable excitement and excitement. In the letter, the two exchanged views on clinical cases, exchanged some views on colleagues, and also greeted each other and encouraged each other. The personal relationship between the two is getting closer.
On July 1, 1907, Freud wrote to Jung in a letter: "The new life of psychiatry is with us, in Zurich and Vienna, but not elsewhere. Therefore, we have passed. After the first hurdle, it was safe and sound."
For those who slandered them, they did not remain silent, but fought together. For those who cannot understand them, they believe it is only due to deep-rooted prejudices. And they believe that one day the dawn of truth will spread through them throughout the world. Together, they look forward to the day when their common theory will arouse repercussions and be accepted worldwide.
During this sweet day, the two frequently exchanged their views in the field of psychoanalysis, and discussed in-depth with each other on certain issues. In this relationship, Freud is of course in a fatherly position. In addition, Freud was 19 years old, and Jung regarded Freud as the incarnation of his father, and Freud regarded Jung as his own son.
During this period Jung tried to get Freud's attention. In a letter in 1907, Jung wrote: "To be honest-after some ideological struggle, I have to confess to you frankly... I have religious fanaticism and piety for your love and respect. "On February 20, 1908, Jung wrote to Freud once again expressing that he was fortunate and ashamed to gain Freud's trust and friendship. This is crucial in his life. He hopes to develop this friendship. But this by no means means being in the same position as Freud, but just a "father and son" relationship.
For Freud, Jung was also the person he loved and valued most among all his followers.
On April 26, 1908, the first historic international conference of psychoanalysis was held in Salzburg, Austria. Jung made great contributions to the organization of this meeting. The meeting was chaired by Freud. During the meeting, it was decided to create a psychoanalytic journal "Annual Book of Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research", and Jung, who was highly regarded, was appointed as the editor-in-chief. After the meeting, Jung wrote to Freud and said, "In general, the results of the meeting are very successful, indicating that our "Almanac" will be a great success." This meeting left a good memory for both of them. .
In 1909, the two were invited to give lectures in the United States at the same time, and spent a seven-week journey together on board. During this trip to the United States, their speeches were warmly welcomed. They are "respected and popular people" in the United States. Freud was at the pinnacle of success, and Jung was delighted by it. The success of the first trip to the United States played a positive role in gaining widespread recognition of psychoanalytic theory.
At the end of March 1910, the second International Conference on Psychoanalysis was held. Jung made an outstanding contribution to the success of the conference. After a fierce argument, due to Freud's repeated insistence, Jung became the chairman of the Psychoanalytic Society.
It was during this sweet day that Freud affectionately called Jung the "Crown Prince" of the psychoanalytic kingdom and called Jung his "eldest son" in a letter to Jung.
Between the two who treat each other frankly and sincerely, everything seems clear and beautiful.
Third, discordant sound
in the beginning of the two exchanges, two of them there are some differences between the ideological one. However, these differences were initially covered up. But with the increase in communication, some discordant tones appeared between the two even during the warm friendship.
On March 25, 1909, Jung and his wife came to Vienna. During the interview, something happened that impressed both of them. One day, in a room in Freud, when the two were enthusiastically discussing some mysterious and mysterious phenomena in daily life, suddenly there was a loud noise from the bookshelf, and both of them were shocked and almost jumped up. . After the two men recovered from their panic, Jung said to Freud: "Look—this is called the catalytic manifestation phenomenon." Freud disagreed, "Come on," he sneered at Rong. Ge said: "Nonsense." But what Jung had expected was that there was another crackling sound from the bookshelf. Freud, who adhered to rigorous scientific reasoning and principles, discovered that the "royal" Jung, who had just been selected to inherit his career, was able to explain such phenomena in super-spiritual terms, which shocked him deeply. This incident clearly reveals the fundamental difference or antagonism between the two men's psychoanalytic viewpoints and their temperaments.
On April 20, the day before Germany boarded the ship and set off for the United States, Jung was interested in talking about the so-called peat bog corpses in some parts of northern Germany. Freud was deeply disgusted with this and interrupted Jung's conversation several times. Finally, Freud suddenly fainted on the spot. This is the first time the famous Freud fainted. The explanation for this is: because Freud believed that the gossip about the corpse suggested that Jung wanted to die. This inescapable and repressive whim made Freud stupefied and fainted.
The next day, Freud, who had recovered, and Jung analyzed each other's dreams on the ship. But when Jung tried to analyze a dream of Freud and hoped that Freud would reveal the details of the dream further, Freud was obviously suspicious. After a while, he said, "I don't want to take my Authority takes risks.” Jung later wrote, “In my opinion, his authority has been lost at the same time when he spoke like this. This sentence has always been in my memory.”
The success of the first trip to the United States, On the one hand it encouraged them, but at the same time it meant that the external enemy they faced together had become distant, so the problems between the two began to become prominent. It is not difficult for us to find that under the surface harmony between the two, a crack has appeared. When a strong enemy is outside, the two can be closely linked because they have a common goal, and differences can be ignored even if they exist. But when the threat of foreign enemies diminished, the two no longer needed to fight together to maintain their common theory. They began to invest in the further development of this theory. It was in how to develop this theory that the differences between the two began to become increasingly prominent.
After returning from the United States, Freud devoted himself to expanding his psychoanalytic theory to more fields. However, at this time, Jung spent most of the week on further study of mythology. In the correspondence between the two, the differences gradually widened.
In early 1910, Jung wrote to Freud in his reply: "Many misunderstandings have already appeared. I really don’t understand. How did you misunderstand me?" On June 26, 1910, Jung wrote to Freud. In Lloyd's long letter, he compares his reading research on mythology with Freud's theory of sexual incest, and it vaguely predicts that the differences between the two are inevitable. November 14, 1911 Jung wrote in a letter: "Things must be so ...... you discover the gems, but I have to do is to trim precious stones for further processing."
From which we can glimpse, the two The relationship has entered an increasingly delicate stage. Jung was no longer willing to be shrouded in Freud's shadow.
Fourth, the break
after a period of fiery stage, the relationship between the two men became tricky. As Jung plunged into his fanatical interest in and research on symbols, mythological and religious literature, and metaphysics-it was in this research that Jung began to develop a theory different from Freud-Jung's character independent The side of the world is emerging more and more. Freud seemed to be eagerly expecting to defend the insecure absolute authority he had realized before Jung. As a result, the conflict between the two is no longer just a theoretical difference, but also adds to the conflict between the two of them.
Freud’s conversation with Jung’s wife Emma in September 1911 symbolically demonstrated this.
Freud said that his child has grown up, his married life has been rewarded, and there is nothing for him to do, only to wait for death. Emma replied that it is not easy to be a "child of a great man while being calm", especially as a child of Freud, because the majestic characteristics he displayed as a father are quite outstanding. Emma suggested to Freud that the troubles between the child and him should be dealt with. Later Emma wrote to Freud in a letter: "Don’t treat Carl Jung with the feelings of your father... You should treat another person like an ordinary person. He is like you, he must follow his own His willingness to accomplish what he wanted to do."
During this time, Jung was writing the important work "Symbol of Transformation". When he was writing the last chapter of the book, "The Price," he had to temporarily suspend writing. When his nervousness was beyond restraint, he could not even hold the slightly clumsy fountain pen he had been using. Because he clearly realizes that publicizing his views in this book is likely to mean losing Freud's friendship. "Should I not disclose my own views publicly? Or should I ignore such an important job for me?" Jung was caught in a worries that he couldn't get rid of it. If it is said that the resistance to breaking with Freud is very strong for Jung, then break through his meaningless shackles and make sure that his views are correct, while believing Freud's theory is wrong That force slowly repelled all hesitation. He picked up the pen and continued to write this crucial chapter. He wrote more and more, but his heart was heavy-he had a foreboding that Freud would never accept his explanation of the issue of incest.
Then another thing appeared. Freud stayed in Krenz Reagan for two days, hoping to meet Jung. But Jung made Freud wait for two days in vain. Perhaps Jung was clearly aware of his betrayal of Freud, and therefore worried that no matter what explanation he gave, a real break with Freud would be unavoidable. This break was what he hoped. He gradually understood that this was the price he had to pay for his growth. But it made him deeply painful and uneasy.
For Jung, the big moment in real life has finally arrived. His famous paper was published in two parts. Freud sensed the "apostasy" in the text. Freud, who had gone through deviating behaviors after another, fell into distress again. On June 13, 1912, Freud wrote to Jung that there was no need to affect the relationship between individuals because of theoretical differences. This letter temporarily eased the tension between the two.
However, Jung could no longer accept this temporary compromise at this time. Demanding independence, he challenged Freud's authority.
In September 1912, Jung once again gave lectures in the United States and won enthusiastic responses, which strengthened Jung's confidence in accelerating the opposition to Freud's theory. In his speech, Jung still expressed his sincere admiration for Freud's courage, courage, perseverance, and perseverance, but he also further advanced and elaborated his own theory. He criticized Freud's theory of sex as being too narrow, and he believed that the concept of libido must be redefined. In addition, Jung strongly criticized the theory of returning to infancy. Jung believed that the cause of the conflict in the etiological sense occurred mainly in the present, rather than in the past as Freud emphasized.
This trip to the United States in 1912 further expanded the influence of the psychoanalytic movement in the United States. However, Jung's efforts are based on the premise that it deviates from the accepted Freudian theory.
In November 1912, at Jung's proposal, the two met once. After a long conversation, Freud believed that all the contradictions between himself and Jung had been resolved. He believes that the crown prince he has chosen has given up any thoughts of abdicating the throne. However, just before the end of one lunch, Freud's second faint occurred. This "hysterical syncope" may be due to Freud's inability to face the possibility of Jung's betrayal; perhaps he saw through Jung's determination to break with him. In short, facts have proved that the break between the two is inevitable.
The communication at the end of 1912 triggered the final break between the two. Jung wrote in a letter:
"I beg to be honest with you, if you are not against it. I have to admit that my feelings for you are contradictory. However, I am willing to express my views on some of our issues frankly and openly. If you doubt this, it will be a great misfortune for you. Anyway, I have to say that it is a big mistake for you to treat your students the same way you treat your patients. In this way, you It is not a servile and obedient son or a rash and shallow person who is expected and brought up. I have indeed seen through the little tricks you play in a very objective way. You exert an influence everywhere around you to make everyone In front of you, they are all lowered to the status of children. They have to confess their negligence and faults and the humbleness of life. But you are sitting on the seat of your father. Out of absolute obedience and flattery, no one dares to openly tell , Even if they doubted what you said to the patient last time, they didn’t have the courage to analyze the analyst, but were satisfied with the status of being analyzed by others. In this case, if anyone dares to do so, you’re sure He would ask him this way-who is neurotic?
You see, dear professor, if you treat me like this, I don’t care what I do at all, just like my brother Freud’s sharpness. Compared with people's fearful eyes, they are definitely bleak."
We saw that Jung at this time was no longer the Jung willing to be shrouded under Freud's wings. The growing wings of Jung did not want to be protected by Freud. He needs to go his own way. This is like a child who has grown up and is about to be independent, and he no longer depends on his father. On the contrary, in order to get rid of his father's control, he had to be more unfeeling.
Freud was deeply disturbed by Jung's use of such a tone, and felt ashamed. In a letter that was not sent, he wrote: "You assert that due to my abuse of psychoanalysis, my students are in a child-like dependent position. I am personally responsible for their naive behavior. It is based on this inference that you have come to your own conclusion. I don’t want to make any judgments about this, because such judgments involving one person are very difficult, and such judgments cannot convince anyone. ...In Vienna, I have long been accustomed to accusations from the negative side, which means that I am not so interested in the analysis and opinions of my students."
In March 1913, Jung wrote only one letter to Freud. Freud’s letter to Abraham on March 27 said, “I am disappointed in him and no longer have any friendships. For me, his absurd theory cannot be attributed solely to His uncomfortable temperament.” However, until late 1913, Freud and Jung were still trying to prevent their differences of opinion from affecting their ties in the common cause, so as not to lead to Break completely. Freud is optimistic that although the discord between each other has now become a well-known thing and has indeed damaged their personal connections, it is not impossible to restore the cooperation that has existed in the past.
On September 7, 1913, the International Congress of Psychoanalysis was held in Munich. Before the meeting, people expected: "There should be no open division." But the ambitious Jung no longer believed in Freud and no longer accepted Freud's authority. At this conference, Jung and his followers acted as belligerents. In contrast, Freud seemed unable to defend himself. As a result, Jung continued to serve as the chairman of the International Psychoanalytic Society. After the meeting, Freud began to fight back. His followers launched a series of attacks on a new book by Jung. Freud himself wrote a treatise against Jung. On June 25, after the paper was published, Freud wrote to Abraham: "The bomb is now launched... I think we have to give the victims two or three weeks to regroup to launch a counterattack."
Freud's active counterattack forced Jung to break away from Freud's school. In October 1913, Jung resigned as editor of the Yearbook; in April 1914, Jung resigned as chairman of the society. Freud’s last comment on the matter was merciless: "We finally parted ways with them." Later, when talking about the break, Freud said that Jung’s "energy was only devoted to the development of himself." His interest and the maintenance of his own self-interest." He didn't know how he would have taken a fancy to Jung. In his letter to Abraham on July 25, he wrote: "The despicable, hypocritical Jung and his followers finally got out of us."
As a result of this final break, both sides suffered losses due to the deliberate injury of the other side. Freud's followers circulated that "Jung may be suffering from schizophrenia." These rumors spread widely, which directly affected Jung's clinical practice and caused him to lose the trust of some students. After breaking with Freud, Jung “began to feel that something was lost... This feeling can be considered without exaggeration as... a kind of loss and confusion of mind.” He admitted that he was lost as if suspended in mid-air. A foothold. The conflict of inner spirit has become so strong that Jung can't even give a lecture in an orderly manner like before. When he was 80 years old, Jung wrote in his memoirs: “After breaking with Freud, all my friends and acquaintances estranged from me. My writings were accused of nonsense and worthless. I became difficult for people. Understanding mystics, that's all." For three full years, Jung fell into a "spiritual trough" to the point where he couldn't work.
Fifth, the break of the reasons
Freud and Jung, psychoanalysis reason these two giants break what? This is a topic that arouses the interest of many researchers. The answer to this question should be considered in many ways.
First, we can see the differences in thought between the two. The focus of this divergence was initially focused on the attitude towards sex: Jung did not emphasize sex as much as Freud. However, if we broaden the perspective of observation, we can also realize that in fact, Jung's understanding of all cultural and spiritual phenomena is fundamentally different from Freud in the end. The "Freud psychology and the constraints of its narrow vision" that suffocated Jung, not only Freud's narrow understanding of sex, but also the causal approach that made Jung intolerable. "What I think more about is the tendency of reductionism and causality in his entire vision, as well as his complete ignorance of such purposeful orientation in all psychological events." Jung felt that he could not accept this method of interpretation anyway. Jung did not reject the idea of causation, but he believed that there was another scientific method besides this, namely teleology. The application of teleological methods in psychology means that people's current behavior is determined by the future rather than the past. In order to correctly understand a person’s behavior, in addition to past events, it is also necessary to consider future goals. Many of Jung's thoughts related to spiritual development are teleological in terms of their goals as spiritual development (individualization, integration, personality formation, etc.). A developing personality tends to achieve these goals. Jung felt that it was necessary to adopt these two research attitudes in psychology at the same time-the research method of causality and the research method of teleology. Jung said: On the one hand, the human mind provides a picture for all the remnants and traces of the past; on the other hand, in this same picture, as far as the human spirit creates its own future, it also expresses those things. The outline of what is about to come. In addition, Jung’s dissatisfaction with causality and simplification must also include dissatisfaction with Freud’s view that he always simplified causality, and regarded all his different opinions as "rebellion against his father", that is, a kind of Hidden "Paticide Motivation". When talking about the reasons for the breakdown of personal relationships, Jung accused Freud of seeing "resistance and resistance to his father" in everything he did. Therefore, if you do not jump out of Freud’s narrow ideological framework and move towards the realization that “spiritual activities have an inherent purposeful orientation”, Jung’s rebellion will inevitably be nailed to the shame of the “Oedipus complex” forever. On the pillar.
Secondly, more importantly, there are differences in their personalities.
Many people point out that Jung has been and has been a very independent person since childhood. However, in the initial stage of contact with Freud, as Freud, as the person he admired, was so sincere in communicating with and trusting in himself, Jung's independence was temporarily concealed. He is willing to respect Freud as the authority and the father of his spirit, and he sees himself as a follower. For this reason, Jung obeyed Freud's wishes too much. However, with the increase in communication, Freud lost more and more authority in Jung's mind.
Jung once said that an important reason for the deterioration of his relationship with Freud was that he accidentally learned about the "triangular relationship" between Freud and his wife and aunt. It is Freud's private life that is likely to shake his perfect image in Jung's mind. And this perfect image is important for maintaining its authority status. When Freud tried to conceal this fact from Jung, his image was once again lowered in Jung's mind. Jung could not accept Freud's attitude that his authority was more important than reality itself. After his trip to the United States, Jung devoted himself to the study of mythology. In this respect, Jung's relatively superficial exploration is obviously deeper and broader than Freud. This undoubtedly strengthened Jung's self-confidence and weakened Freud's image of authority in his own mind.
As a result, on the one hand Freud's position of authority is no longer; on the other hand, Jung's self-confidence is increasing day by day. It is under such circumstances that Jung, who is not complacent deep in his heart, to be someone's disciple, eldest son, or "crown prince", is about to declare independence. He wants to follow the clues of his own thoughts. In the book "Symbols of Transformation", he did just that. He believed that this book would ruin his friendship with Freud, and he was distressed by it, but in the end he insisted on finishing writing and publishing this book that would cause the two to split. Jung understood that although he had to pay the heavy price of sacrificing the friendship between the two, he still firmly believed that he could no longer stay on Freud's trail, but had to find his own way in an unknown kingdom in some way. . It is Jung's independent character and creative spirit that makes him have to embark on a path that may break with Freud.
In addition to paying attention to Jung's character, we also need to pay attention to Freud's character. Fromm, another great psychoanalyst, once analyzed Freud's psychology. He pointed out that there is a sense of dependence on other people deep in Freud's heart. It is difficult for him to accept criticism from his friends, because for him, the role of friends should mainly be to support, encourage, and praise him. He needs love and approval. This is an indispensable guarantee for Freud's sense of security. In addition, the poor relationship with his father made Freud himself want to be an authority like his father and a great hero. It can be said that Freud is a stubborn authoritarian, so he cannot accept any major suggestions to revise his theoretical works. Especially on the most sensitive focus of sex theory. When it comes to revising this part of his theory, his magnanimity does not exist. For him, it is completely impossible to abandon this "unshakable fortress". Therefore, many friendships are ruined at the focus of this controversy.
On the one hand, Freud wants to be a strong man and an authority, on the other hand he has a sense of dependence on others. Therefore, when others admire him and always agree with him, he treats each other kindly and generously. But when others doubted him or criticized him, he would not tolerate it at all. This led him to follow the same path with some close relationships: intimacy within a few years, then completely broken, and often reaching the level of hatred. This is Freud and Jung, and also the bad luck of friendship with many other people.
The explanation for this is: he needs to rely on the unconditional support and approval of others, so he is a loving father to a submissive son, and a strict and authoritarian father to a son who dares to disagree. Therefore, the process of Freud and Jung's acquaintance to breakup is just like the history of the relationship between a dependent, authoritarian father and a son who went from submissive to independent. In the early stages of this process, since both parties agree with each other's role, everything is fine. Jung respected Freud as an authority, willing to obey him and be his follower. Freud was proud of having such a talented son. However, the son will grow up. Before he had his own original ideas and the self-confidence he deserved, Jung was still willing to be under Freud's envelope. But as the wings became fuller, the independent Jung became more and more unable to bear this kind of life under the wings of others. The son's independence became stronger and stronger, and the father's position of authority was shaken. One party wants independence, while the other wants to maintain its authority. It was this irreconcilable conflict that ultimately led to the end of the break between the two sides. In the end, when Jung, who was very independent, found a new path and followed some of his own ideas, it was inevitable that the two sides would break apart. This is an inevitable drama between an independent son and an authoritative father.
In this break, Jung murdered his father in a psychological sense. He was deeply guilty for the motive of atonement. Later Jung always admitted that he owed Freud. However, in the years that followed, Jung never regretted this split. He sees their friendship as a transitional period, which has to go through, but it will not last. It is absolutely inevitable from the passionate friendship to the final break. Although this inevitable break will cost a heavy price, it is worth it anyway. This is the price paid for growth and a necessary sacrifice on the way forward. Only in this way can the individual become a mature person and embark on his own path. After the break, Jung, after several years of depression, marched with his head high on the broad road he pioneered, and finally established his own ideological system.
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