It feels complicated after reading it. On the one hand, the police’s bloody suppression of the people reminded me of that incident, and on the other hand, I really feel how many detours it takes for the rise of a great city to prosper and finally reach an agreement. And these costs, no country or city in history can be exempted from paying. The story in "Gangs of New York" takes place from 1846 to 1863, which is an unforgettable history for the United States. During this time period, many major events occurred in both the United States and Europe that changed the course of American history. From 1845 to 1850, the Great Irish Famine brought millions of Irish refugees to the United States. In 1846, the Mexican War between the United States and Mexico broke out. In 1847, the United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which stipulated that Mexico ceded Texas, New Mexico and California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada and part of Colorado to the United States, plus A strip of land in what is now New Mexico and Arizona, purchased in 1852, initially completed the southwestern border of the United States and greatly expanded the territory. In 1848, the discovery of gold mines in California led to an immigrant upsurge of Europeans who went to the United States for gold digging for more than half a century. Of course, the most important is undoubtedly the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. 1863 Abraham Lincoln's famous Gettysburg Address, the great Emancipation Proclamation was published, and 4 million black slaves in the United States were emancipated. In this context, "Gangs of New York" is about Informal History, "a story about underground gangs rejected by the mainstream and their respective small societies for the poor who have no access to the power structure of society" (director Martin Scorsese said in the interview) The history of immigration in the United States is actually the history of the development of the United States. Since the British London Company established the first permanent residence in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, the immigration from Europe to the United States has not stopped. In the period from 1846 to 1863, in which "Gangs of New York" was set, more than 200,000 European immigrants came to the United States every year and became new residents of this land. This period was a critical period in America's transition to an urbanized society and a peak in immigration unprecedented in its history. The Great Irish Famine of 1845-1850 In the 1840s, Ireland was one of the poorest countries in Europe, with poor soil and backward production technology. Ireland is part of the United Kingdom, but due to dissatisfaction with being ruled by the United Kingdom, coupled with repeated small-scale wars and rebellions for independence in the 18th and 19th centuries, the Irish national spirit is high, coupled with the conflict between Anglicanism and traditional Catholicism, the relationship between Britain and Ireland has always been At the same time, Protestants, the representatives of the Church of England, monopolized political power and land ownership, and formulated criminal laws that discriminated against the old religion (Catholicism). Although the Irish economy experienced rapid development in the 18th century, this development was concentrated in the scale of the livestock industry. While England and Scotland fully enjoyed the fruits of the Industrial Revolution, urbanization, and the crazy expansion of industrialization, Ireland was widening the gap and lagging far behind. They rely on the potato as their main food crop, because the coarse-grained potato grows best on poor soil and easily fills their stomachs. During the rainy summer of 1845, potatoes in Ireland contracted blight. The disease can make the potatoes rotten and inedible. Fusarium wilt becomes more severe when seeds infected with fusarium wilt are reused the following year. In 1848 and 1849, the blight reappeared. The Irish, caught in the Great Famine, starved to death one by one, with corpses scattered everywhere, and diseases endemic. While the dominant Anglo-Irish landowners and the British government looked on and did nothing to help, peasants who could not pay their rent were ruthlessly driven out of their homes, often setting fire to their tattered mud and wood. shacks, making it impossible for them to come back, and this behavior made the situation worse. . During the decade 1846-1856, about one million Irish died of famine and consequent disease, while another million fled to England, North America or Australasia, New Zealand and the nearby South Pacific Islands. That 2 million is about a quarter of Ireland's population of nearly 8 million at its peak in 1845. According to later statistics from the United States, between 1845 and 1925, about 5 million Irish immigrated to the United States. . (Accordingly, I once inadvertently read an English-language report file of the United Nations in the Australian library, about the great immigration wave of the past 200 years, of which the great immigration caused by the Irish famine was one of the most far-reaching, and it is still today. Many families of Americans, Canadians, Australians and New Zealanders are descendants of Irish immigrants in the 19th century.Other well-known are the large waves of European immigration to North America and the Caribbean and South American colonies around the 20th century ; Lebanese refugees from the Lebanon War in 1982; Before and after the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1921, the people of the member republics ran away; in the shadow of the Cold War in the 1950s, out of deep fear of nuclear war, the people of European countries turned to North America and Australia. Great immigration (A lonely big island in Australia is relatively safe, and a lot of gold and gemstone mines were discovered in New South Wales at that time). I won’t mention it a few times, it’s all small cases, I don’t remember clearly) Other well-known ones include the large migration of European population to North America, the Caribbean and South American colonies around the 20th century; Lebanese refugees from the Lebanon War in 1982; before and after the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1921, the people of the republics ran away; 20 Under the shadow of the Cold War in the 1950s, out of deep fear of nuclear war, people from various European countries immigrated to North America and Australia (a large, isolated island in Australia is relatively safe, and many gold mines were discovered in New South Wales at that time. and gem mines). I won't mention it a few times, it's all small cases, I don't remember very clearly) Other well-known ones include the large migration of European population to North America, the Caribbean and South American colonies around the 20th century; Lebanese refugees from the Lebanon War in 1982; before and after the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1921, the people of the republics ran away; 20 Under the shadow of the Cold War in the 1950s, out of deep fear of nuclear war, people from various European countries immigrated to North America and Australia (a large, isolated island in Australia is relatively safe, and many gold mines were discovered in New South Wales at that time. and gem mines). I won't mention it a few times, it's all small cases, I don't remember very clearly)
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